In the light of the Vernant's critics against Thomson, this article try to point out the philosophical premises of the historical psychology and historical materialism that are in discussion between ...the authors. The Althusserian considerations of Emmanuel Terray serve as conceptual framework to the critical analysis. En la perspectiva marxista que es la suya, Thomson nos parece que comete un anacronismo: sólo cuando el trabajo libre y asalariado deviene mercancía «la forma mercantil de los productos llega a ser la forma social dominante» (Capital t.1) y el trabajo deviene trabajo abstracto (Crítica de la economía política)7. Esta afirmación, que planteamos deliberadamente con contundencia, merece sin embargo una explicación: las fuentes consideradas empíricas dependen, en parte, del objeto histórico que el investigador crea.
Esta investigacion examino la influencia del materialismo y la gratitud en el bienestar subjetivo bajo dos conceptualizaciones de este constructo: bienestar subjetivo como constructo con tres ...componentes independientes y bienestar subjetivo como un factor de segundo orden con tres factores de primer orden. 386 participantes completaron una bateria de cuestionarios midiendo gratitud, materialismo, afecto positivo y negativo y satisfaccion con la vida. Los resultados mostraron una influencia negativa del materialismo en el afecto positivo, satisfaccion con la vida y la sensacion general de bienestar subjetivo y una influencia positiva en el afecto negativo. La gratitud tuvo un efecto positivo en el afecto positivo, satisfaccion con la vida, y la sensacion general de bienestar subjetivo. Los resultados tambien mostraron que la gratitud no afecta directamente el afecto negativo, pero indirectamente a traves de su efecto en la sensacion general de bienestar subjetivo. Las implicaciones de nuestros resultados fueron discutidas. Palabras clave Bienestar subjetivo; gratitud; materialismo; factor de segundo orden. The present investigation examined the influence of materialism and gratitude on subjective well-being under two different conceptualizations of this construct: subjective well-being as a construct with three independent components and subjective well-being as a second other factor with three first order factors. 386 participants from Mexico completed a battery of questionnaires measuring gratitude, materialism, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. Results showed a negative influence of materialism on positive affect, life satisfaction and overall sense of subjective well-being and a positive influence on negative affect. Gratitude had a positive influence on positive affect, life satisfaction and overall sense of subjective well-being. Results also showed that gratitude did not influence negative affect directly, but indirectly through its influence on overall sense of subjective well-being. The implications of our findings were discussed. Keywords Subjective well-being; gratitude; materialism; second order factor.
Both new materialist philosophy of science and Indigenous studies scholarship have developed theories about the agency of non-human things. There has, however, been relatively little articulation ...between these two literatures in the qualitative social sciences. This essay looks at the possible reasons for this lack of engagement–including the relatively recent emergence of new materialism, pervasive racism within the academy, and foundational differences in the priorities and philosophical assumptions informing these two literatures. Addressing new materialist scholars, the essay inventories the ethical, political, and intellectual reasons social scientists using Karen Barad’s concept of agential realism should also be reading and citing Indigenous studies literature on agent ontologies. It makes the case that the Indigenous studies literature on agent ontologies have strengths in precisely some of the places new materialist social science is facing challenges. Examples are provided and the broader political implications of such work are examined.
Is consciousness a purely physical phenomenon? Most contemporary philosophers and theorists hold that it is, and take this to be supported by modern science. But a significant minority endorse ...non-physicalist theories such as dualism, idealism and panpsychism, among other reasons because it may seem impossible to fully explain consciousness, or capture what it's like to be in conscious states (such as seeing red, or being in pain), in physical terms. This Element will introduce the main non-physicalist theories of consciousness and explain the most important arguments for them, and consider how they each respond to the scientific and other arguments in support of physicalism. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Research consistently finds an association between materialistic values and low wellbeing. The mechanisms behind this relationship, however, are not well understood. As such the present project ...undertook the following aims. Aims: 1) To determine if the association between materialistic values and low wellbeing is moderated by holding conflicting, universalistic, values 2) To determine if materialistic values serve as a partial mediator between on-going life stressors and low wellbeing Method: The project utilised a secondary data analysis design using structural equation modelling to perform confirmatory factor analyses and moderation and mediation analyses. Results: The results of the analysis found that conflicting values moderated the relationship between materialism and low wellbeing, finding a positive association between holding both materialistic and universalistic values and wellbeing. Materialism also partially mediated the relationship between life stressors and wellbeing. Discussion: The results are discussed in relation to social determination theory and the human values literature noting in particular the novel finding that the interaction of conflicting values reduces the impact of materialism on wellbeing. Issues with the methodology are discussed and the potential for future research is highlighted.
This paper is a reply of Julian Verardi article "Form and content in the materialist conception of history". It contains a rejoinder to criticism that Verardi formulated to Historical Materialism: ...interpretations and controversies, and a clarification of some central concepts of historical materialism
New Empiricisms and New Materialisms St. Pierre, Elizabeth A.; Jackson, Alecia Y.; Mazzei, Lisa A.
Cultural studies, critical methodologies,
04/2016, Letnik:
16, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article, which introduces this special issue on new empiricisms and new materialisms, focuses on two of the many conditions that enable this new work: first, an ethical imperative to rethink the ...nature of being to refuse the devastating dividing practices of the dogmatic Cartesian image of thought and, second, a heightened curiosity and accompanying experimentation in the becoming of existence. The article includes a brief description of how matter matters differently in this new work, of Deleuze and Guattari’s description of philosophy as the laying out of a plane that enables new concepts, a discussion of the “new,” and how/if methodology can be thought in the “new.”
In recent years, the work of a diverse range of thinkers has been grouped together under the label ‘new materialism’. This article offers a critical introduction to new materialism that challenges ...its understanding of historical materialism. It aims to demonstrate not that historical materialism is superior to new materialism, but rather that the latter would benefit from engaging with rather than ignoring or dismissing the former. It begins by defining new materialism in relation to its reappraisal of science, its concept of agency and its underlying ontology. Second, it locates new materialism by demonstrating how and why many new materialists are hostile to historical materialism. Finally, it responds to new materialist criticisms of historical materialism, arguing both that there are potential areas of agreement between the two materialisms and that historical materialism offers valuable resources for analysing historically specific and asymmetric power relations.
Things Houtman, Dick; Meyer, Birgit
09/2012
eBook, Book
That relation has long been conceived in antagonistic terms, privileging spirit above matter, belief above ritual and objects, meaning above form, and "inward" contemplation above "outward" action. ...After all, wasn't the opposition between spirituality and materiality the defining characteristic of religion, understood as geared to a transcendental beyond that was immaterial by definition? Grounded in the rise of religion as a modern category, with Protestantism as its main exponent, this conceptualization devalues religious things as lacking serious empirical, let alone theoretical, interest. The resurgence of public religion in our time has exposed the limitations of this attitude.Taking materiality seriously, this volume uses as a starting point the insight that religion necessarily requires some kind of incarnation, through which the beyond to which it refers becomes accessible. Conjoining rather than separating spirit and matter, incarnation (whether understood as "the world becoming flesh" or in a broader sense) places at center stage the question of how the realm of the transcendental, spiritual, or invisible is rendered tangible in the world.How do things matter in religious discourse and practice? How are we to account for the value or devaluation, the appraisal or contestation, of things within particular religious perspectives? How are we to rematerialize our scholarly approaches to religion? These are the key questions addressed by this multidisciplinary volume. Focusing on different kinds of things that matter for religion, including sacred artifacts, images, bodily fluids, sites, and electronic media, it offers a wide-ranging set of multidisciplinary studies that combine detailed analysis and critical reflection.
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