Using micro land leasing data and detailed individual information of mayors in 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities, we investigate the impacts of collusion between local government officials and ...enterprises on local land supply structure. The findings suggest that, after controlling for mayors' and cities' characteristics, mayors with local working experience prefer to lease more industrial land than foreign mayors. Meanwhile, there is significant heterogeneity among different cities: in cities where the price of commercial & residential land is much higher than industrial land, local mayors prefer to lease commercial & residential land for higher fiscal revenue. On the contrary, local mayors pursue to the long-term sustainable tax revenue by colluding with industrial firms in less developed cities. Besides, we find that the older and fast-retired local mayors, who ever had worked as deputy mayors for a long time, would eagerly collude with real estate enterprises to lease commercial & residential land for short-term return. The findings of this paper are of great policy significance for the current land leasing of local government in countries like China.
•We examine the impacts of government-enterprise collusion on land supply structure.•Micro land leasing data and detailed individual information of mayors are used.•Mayors with local working experience prefer to lease more industrial land.•Price gap between commercial & residential land and industrial land is one reason.•Choice of short-term and long-term goals by local governments is another reason.
China's extremely high levels of urban air, water and greenhouse gas emission levels pose local and global environmental challenges. China's urban leaders have substantial influence and discretion ...over the evolution of economic activity that generates such externalities. This paper examines the political economy of urban leaders' incentives to tackle pollution issues. We present evidence consistent with the hypothesis that both the central government and the public are placing pressure on China's urban leaders to mitigate externalities. Such "pro-green" incentives suggest that many of China's cities could enjoy significant environmental progress in the near future.
Using slow sand filters on a small scale, their decontaminating effect was tested. The work was carried out with the objective of eliminating the contamination of the effluents from the oxidation ...lagoons of two sugar mills "Carlos Baliño" and "Melanio Hernández". The effluents were taken in the central region of the country (Santo Domingo, Villa Clara and Tuinicú, Sancti SpÃritus). The decontaminating effect of effluents from oxidation ponds after their passage through a slow sand filter in cascades was tested for different investigated treatments. The effluents were diluted in distilled water in the following proportions: T1 (10%), T2 (25%), T3 (50%), T4 (75%), T5 and T6 (undiluted). In the effluents, the following were determined: their physicalchemical and microbiological characteristics, before and after their passage through the slow sand filters. In most of the effluents evaluated, both their physical-chemical characteristics and the microbial load showed a notable reduction; obtaining values below the indicators allowed by current Cuban standards (NC-27: 2012; NC-1095: 2015 and NC-855: 2011).
Using slow sand filters on a small scale, their decontaminating effect was tested. The work was carried out with the objective of eliminating the contamination of the effluents from the oxidation ...lagoons of two sugar mills "Carlos Baliño" and "Melanio Hernández". The effluents were taken in the central region of the country (Santo Domingo, Villa Clara and Tuinicú, Sancti SpÃritus). The decontaminating effect of effluents from oxidation ponds after their passage through a slow sand filter in cascades was tested for different investigated treatments. The effluents were diluted in distilled water in the following proportions: T1 (10%), T2 (25%), T3 (50%), T4 (75%), T5 and T6 (undiluted). In the effluents, the following were determined: their physicalchemical and microbiological characteristics, before and after their passage through the slow sand filters. In most of the effluents evaluated, both their physical-chemical characteristics and the microbial load showed a notable reduction; obtaining values below the indicators allowed by current Cuban standards (NC-27: 2012; NC-1095: 2015 and NC-855: 2011). Keywords: Oxidation Ponds, Physical-Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics, Slow Sand Filters. Utilizando filtros lentos de arena a pequeña escala se probó su efecto descontaminante. El trabajo se realizó con el objetivo de eliminar la contaminación de los efluentes de lagunas de oxidación de dos Centrales Azucareros "Carlos Baliño" y "Melanio Hernández". Los efluentes fueron tomados en la región central del paÃs (Santo Domingo, Villa Clara y Tuinicú, Sancti SpÃritus). Se probó el efecto descontaminante de efluentes de lagunas de oxidación posterior a su paso por un filtro lento de arena en cascadas ante diferentes tratamientos investigados. Los efluentes fueron diluidos en agua destilada en las siguientes proporciones: T1(10%), T2(25%), T3 (50%), T4 (75%), T5 y T6 (no diluidos). En los efluentes, se determinaron: sus caracterÃsticas fÃsico-quÃmicas y microbiológicas, anteriores y posteriores a su paso por los filtros lentos de arena. En la mayorÃa de los efluentes evaluados, tanto sus caracterÃsticas fÃsico-quÃmicas, como en la carga microbiana se obtuvo una reducción notable; obteniendo valores por debajo de los indicadores permitidos por las normas cubanas vigentes (NC-27: 2012; NC-1095: 2015 y NC-855: 2011). Palabras clave : lagunas de oxidación, caracterÃsticas fÃsico-quÃmicas y microbiológicas, filtros lentos de arena.
Este estudio investiga la conceptualización de la sociedad Manggarai sobre la relación de poder entre la esposa dadora de familia y la esposa tomadora de familia en el parentesco matrimonial. El ...marco teórico utilizado en el estudio es eclectico, ya que combina varias concepciones propuestas en antropología social, sociolingüística y lingüística cultural. La relación de poder entre anak rona (esposa dadora) y anak wina (esposa tomadora) es asimetrica, ya que anak rona como esposa dadora tiene mayor poder que la anak wina como esposa tomadora. La relación asimetrica de su poder se realiza en las formas y significados del lenguaje que emplean en muchas expresiones verbales.
Efecto insecticida del extracto acuoso de cempasúchil Valencia-Botín, Alberto J; Padilla-Hernández, Ángel; Ruíz-Sánchez, Esaú
Avances en investigación agropecuaria,
06/2024, Letnik:
28, Številka:
S1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Introducción. El cempasúchil es una planta de México, cuya flor o partes de la planta se considera que posee propiedades insecticidas; el orégano, por su parte, en general también se reporta con ...efectos en plagas insectiles (Flores et al., 2017). La mosca blanca, es un insecto polífago que se alimenta de cientos de plantas a nivel mundial (Li et al., 2011). El manejo de dicha plaga se basa principalmente en productos de síntesis química, pero con elevados casos de resistencia a insecticidas y efectos de contaminación. No se tienen reportes de la mezcla de cempasúchil y orégano cubano en el manejo de mosca blanca. Objetivo. Elaborar un insecticida orgánico y efectivo en dos concentraciones (1.5 y 3.0%) a partir de la combinación del extracto acuoso de flor de cempasúchil y hojas de orégano cubano en una proporción 2: 1. Métodos. Se pesaron 10 g de pétalos de cempasúchil y 5 g de hojas de orégano cubano. Otro tratamiento consistió en pesar 20 g de cempasúchil y 10 g de hojas de orégano, un tercer tratamiento consistió en aplicar cipermetrina (Cynoff) al 0.5% y un testigo con agua. Para obtener los extractos al 1.5 y 3.0% se maceraron los órganos en un mortero y se colocaron por separado en un recipiente con 1 L de agua purificada, se dejaron en reposo y oscuridad durante 48 h, luego se filtró el líquido con la ayuda de un tamiz (400 /lm); antes de la aspersión de los extractos se contabilizó el número de moscas blancas presentes en el envés de las hojas de boca de dragón. Se asperjaron 12 plantas con tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Se midió la variable número de moscas blancas muertas promedio por tratamiento, contabilizadas tres días después de la aspersión de los tratamientos. Los tratamientos se compararon en un modelo completamente al azar, con ANOVA y prueba de Tukey. Resultados y discusión. El insecticida (piretroide, cipermetrina) presentó mayor mortalidad (12.3%), seguido de la mezcla de cempasúchil y orégano cubano al 3.0% con 8.6%. Es importante destacar que también la aplicación de extractos al 1.5% indujeron mortalidad 24% menor que el tratamiento químico. Conclusión. Los extractos acuosos al 1.5 y 3.0% indujeron mortalidad promedio de 7.3% de la mosca blanca, con mayor eficiencia cuando se aplicó al 3.0%. La cipermetrina resultó en mayor mortalidad de la plaga 12.3%.
Abstract
With the majority of refugees now in urban areas, mayors and municipal authorities have been recognized as increasingly important policy actors in the global refugee regime. This trend is ...acknowledged in the policy literature. However, there has been little systematic academic research exploring the conditions under which mayors make a difference to refugee-policy outcomes. Theoretically, we outline a heuristic framework aimed at disaggregating key variables, including the independent influence of mayors, in shaping municipal-level outcomes. Empirically, the article assesses the role of municipal authorities and mayors in the two most numerically significant host countries for Syrian refugees: Turkey and Lebanon. It comparatively examines variation across six metropolitan municipalities, three from each country: Izmir, Adana and Gaziantep (Turkey), and Qalamoun, Anjar and Zahle (Lebanon). We show that mayors matter because they may mediate the implementation of national policies and because they sometimes adopt supplementary refugee policies and practices at the municipal level, which may be more or less proactive or more or less restrictive than central-government policy.
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