We investigate the ocean flow in an arctic gyre. For given linear or constant oceanic vorticites, we prove explicit solutions which depend on both the polar and the azimuthal angles in the spherical ...coordinates associated with a rotating Earth. This enables us to identify resonant modes.
Essential oils from aerial parts of six aromatic plants were analysed by GC-MS. The major compounds identified were
-terpinene (11.5%), cuminaldehyde (26.6%) and
-terpinen-7-al (40.6%) in
,
-anethol ...(95.2%) in
, α-pinene (11.6%), limonene (21.0%), β-caryophyllene (22.3%) and α-humulene (16.7%) in
, limonene (40.8%) and artemisia ketone (19.3%) in
,
-β-ocimene (15.6%), 4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-hexene (24.5%),
-tagetone (20.5%) and verbenone (27.2%) in
, 1,8-cineole (17.9%),elixene (10.3%) and spathulenol (13.8%) in
. Oils with strong insecticidal activity on
and
were from
(LC
= 4 µl/L; LC
= 10 µl/L) and
(LC
=10.19-12.57 µl/L; LC
=20 µl/L). Scents of
and
were strong insecticides on
(LC
=7.02-7.17 µl/L; LC
=10.00-20.00 µl/L). The insecticidal activity was associated to the whole content of C10 molecules and oxygenated constituents. The
oil is promising as protective agent of nut products.
This paper is focused on Mercator's projection as a breakthrough in maritime navigation. In the paper, the principle and properties of Mercator's projection are described. The advantages, ...disadvantages and current utilization are mentioned.
The great circle route is often used for the navigation on the sea and in the air. In this paper, the great circle route and its plotting on the four main chart projections including the polar ...stereographic projection, the Gauss projection, the Mercator projection and the gnomonic projection is proposed. The equations of the great circle route on the chart are derived from the equations of the projection and the great circle on the earth. By making the longitude or the latitude coordinate as the parameter, the formulae for the evaluation of the curvature and the extreme distance is derived. The numerical implementations are also provided. The polar stereographic chart is proved to be suitable for the great circle route navigation, also for the gauss chart.
Deux sommets internationaux consacrés à l’océan se sont tenus en janvier 2022 puis en juin 2022 : One Ocean Summit à Brest (France) puis la Conférence des Nations unies sur les océans à Lisbonne ...(Portugal). Au-delà de l’importance de connaissances scientifiquement établies comme socle pour guider les politiques environnementales et la protection de l’océan, ces deux conférences mettent en évidence de grands enjeux scientifiques et de fortes attentes envers la recherche que l’on peut regrouper en six thématiques : changements climatiques et océan, alimentation – c’est-à-dire ressources halieutiques et aquaculture –, grands fonds océaniques, pollutions, océan polaire, aires marines protégées, océan numérique, ADN environnemental. Ces deux conférences ont lancé ou mis en avant les grandes initiatives internationales, européennes et nationales qui seront structurantes pour les sciences océaniques, notamment la Décennie des Nations unies pour les sciences océaniques au service du développement durable (2021-2030) et au niveau européen la mission «
Restore our ocean and waters
». La coopération internationale autour de grandes infrastructures de recherche s’est renforcée comme en témoignent la transformation de Mercator Ocean International en une organisation intergouvernementale ainsi que les initiatives partagées des opérateurs de flottes océanographiques européennes. Globalement, il faut donc souligner le bilan positif pour les sciences océaniques. La recherche s’est organisée et les deux sommets confirment que des moyens y seront consacrés. Le prochain grand rendez-vous sera la conférence des Nations unies sur les océans qui sera coorganisée par la France et le Costa Rica en 2025. Il appartiendra à la communauté scientifique et aux organisateurs de poursuivre cette dynamique en utilisant ces grands sommets pour faire avancer des initiatives internationales concrètes et structurantes pour les sciences océaniques.
Two international summits dedicated to the ocean were held in January 2022 and June 2022: the One Ocean Summit in Brest (France) and the United Nations Ocean Conference in Lisbon (Portugal). Beyond the importance of scientifically established knowledge as a basis for guiding environmental policies and ocean protection, these two conferences highlighted major scientific issues and high expectations towards research which may be summarised in six topics: climate change and the ocean, food
i.e.
fisheries resources and aquaculture, deep ocean, pollution, polar ocean, marine protected areas, digital ocean, environmental DNA. The two conferences launched or promoted the major international, European and national initiatives that will be shaping ocean sciences, in particular the United Nations Decade of Ocean Sciences for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) and the European mission ‘Restore our Ocean and Waters’. International cooperation around major research infrastructures has been strengthened, as illustrated by the transformation of Mercator Ocean International into an intergovernmental organisation and the shared initiatives of the European oceanographic fleet operators. Overall, we stress the positive results of these events for ocean sciences. Research institutions and support has been organised and the two summits confirm that funding will be made available. The next major event will be the United Nations Ocean Conference, which will be co-organised by France and Costa Rica in 2025. It will be up to the scientific community and the organisers to maintain this momentum by using these major events to advance concrete and structuring international initiatives for ocean sciences.
We are all used to drawing straight lines to represent time, and above them, we plot historical events or physical or economic data. What to us is a self-evident convention, is however of an ...astonishingly recent date: it emerged only in the second half of the eighteenth century. To us, this late date seems paradoxical and cries out for an explanation. How else did earlier periods measure change, if not as a function of time? it will be argued that since Antiquity, time was taken to measure change, and change to occur in space. 'Our' idea of representing time as an independent dimension would have seemed aberrant. But then, a second issue arises. Did not medieval natural philosophers employ timelines, Oresme's diagram of the mean speed theorem being the most famous case? However, as will be shown, our interpretation of his diagram is probably wrong. This insight, in turn, takes care of a third paradox, namely Galileo's initial inability to represent the law of free fall correctly. This article will document that the timeline first emerged in the late sixteenth century in works on chronology, made its first appearance in physics in Galileo's diagrams, and had its general breakthrough in the eighteenth century.
There have been many recent breakthroughs in processing and analyzing large-scale data sets in biomedical informatics. For example, the CytoGPS algorithm has enabled the use of text-based karyotypes ...by transforming them into a binary model. However, such advances are accompanied by new problems of data sparsity, heterogeneity, and noisiness that are magnified by the large-scale multidimensional nature of the data. To address these problems, we developed the Mercator R package, which processes and visualizes binary biomedical data. We use Mercator to address biomedical questions of cytogenetic patterns relating to lymphoid hematologic malignancies, which include a broad set of leukemias and lymphomas. Karyotype data are one of the most common form of genetic data collected on lymphoid malignancies, because karyotyping is part of the standard of care in these cancers.
In this paper we combine the analytic power of CytoGPS and Mercator to perform a large-scale multidimensional pattern recognition study on 22,741 karyotype samples in 47 different hematologic malignancies obtained from the public Mitelman database.
Our findings indicate that Mercator was able to identify both known and novel cytogenetic patterns across different lymphoid malignancies, furthering our understanding of the genetics of these diseases.
Mud volcanoes are seafloor expressions of focused fluid flow that are common in compressional tectonic settings. New high‐resolution 3‐D seismic data from the Mercator mud volcano (MMV) and an ...adjacent buried mud volcano (BMV) image the internal structure of the top 800 m of sediment at both mud volcanoes, revealing that both are linked and have been active episodically. The total volumes of extruded mud range between 0.15 and 0.35 km3 and 0.02–0.05 km3 for the MMV and the BMV, respectively. The pore water composition of surface sediment samples suggests that halokinesis has played an important role in the evolution of the mud volcanoes. We propose that erosion of the top of the Vernadsky Ridge that underlies the mud volcanoes activated salt movement, triggering deep migration of fluids, dissolution of salt, and sediment liquefaction and mobilization since the end of the Pliocene. Since beginning of mud volcanism in this area, the mud volcanoes erupted four times while there was only one reactivation of salt tectonics. This implies that there are other mechanisms that trigger mud eruptions. The stratigraphic relationship of mudflows from the MMV and BMV indicates that the BMV was triggered by the MMV eruptions. This may either be caused by loading‐induced hydrofracturing within the BMV or due to a common feeder system for both mud volcanoes. This study shows that the mud volcanoes in the El Arraiche mud volcano field are long‐lived features that erupt with intervals of several tens of thousands of years.
Key Points
Link between halokinesis and submarine mud volcanism
Nature of mud extrusions for the Mercator mud volcano
Dynamic model in four stages
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