Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a valuable fiber and medicinal plant from the Malvaceae family. It is an alternative crop that may be a feasible source of cellulose which is economically viable and ...ecologically friendly. This plant is cultivated for its fiber although its leaves and seeds have also been used in traditional medicine in India and Africa for the treatment of various disease conditions. Kenaf fibers are commonly used for paper pulp and cordage, but it is also a promising lignocellulosic feedstock for bioenergy production. The kenaf seed oil can be used for cooking and in different industrial applications. The present paper is an overview on its ethnobotanical and phytochemical properties reported in the literature that we have investigated and its great potential as a valuable multipurpose crop due to numerous uses.
•Diagnostics for MeYVMV in mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. and H. cannabinus L.) by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed.•LAMP assay developed in this study for the detection of ...MeYVMV in mesta is more sensitive than PCR technique.•The LAMP assay has been optimized using Hydroxy Naphthol Blue (HNB) dye is more suitable for field sample diagnosis and in quarantine.•This is the first report for detection of begomovirus species, MeYVMV in the mucilaginous plant species, kenaf and roselle using LAMP.
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was optimized for the detection of Mesta yellow vein mosaic virus (MeYVMV) in diseased plants of mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.& H. cannabinus L.). The LAMP assay was optimized using a set of six primers targeting the MeYVMV genome and could be completed in 30–60 min at 63 °C. The LAMP amplification results were visualized by adding 1 μl of hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) dye in a 25 μl LAMP reaction mixture prior to amplification as well as by electrophoresis. The LAMP assay, which detected MeYVMV in a 10−5-fold diluted total DNA, was more sensitive than the PCR assay (10−4-fold dilution). The optimized LAMP assay was able to detect MeYVMV in different parts of the kenaf and roselle plants. Similarly, the optimized PCR assay was also capable of detecting MeYVMV in all the different parts of the kenaf plant but failed to detect the virus in the stem and flower buds of the roselle plant. Validation of the LAMP and LAMP with HNB dye assays revealed that the optimized reactions can be used successfully for the in-situ detection of MeYVMV in field samples and in virus quarantine programs. This is the first report of the detection of the begomovirus species, MeYVMV, in the mucilaginous plant species, kenaf and roselle, using a LAMP assay.
Namen članka je predstaviti kakovost družbene infrastrukture izbranih kratkih oskrbnih prehranskih verig v Mestni občini Ljubljana in njen vpliv na varovanje virov, zmanjšanje odpadne hrane in ...embalaže. V raziskavi smo obravnavali šest ponudnikov, vključenih v kratke oskrbne prehranske verige z zabojčki, skupnim naročanjem in partnerskim kmetovanjem. Presoja objektov s pomočjo smernic trajnostne gradnje BNB (Bewertungssystem Nachhaltiges Bauen) je pokazala slabo kakovost in pomanjkljivo družbeno infrastrukturo. V pogovoru z intervjuvanci smo spoznali, da si želijo urejena in lahko dostopna prevzemna mesta z objekti, ki bi omogočali dobre pogoje za ljudi in živila. Mestna občina Ljubljana ima glede na bližnje podeželje z dobrimi pogoji za ekstenzivno in ekološko kmetijsko pridelavo še veliko možnosti za povečanje samooskrbe s kakovostno domačo hrano, ob tem pa bo morala poskrbeti za razvoj družbene infrastrukture.
Mesta crop biomass is one of the unexplored lignocellulosic feedstocks for second-generation bioethanol production. The compositional analysis of two mesta species, namely Hibiscus sabdariffa and H. ...cannabinus were carried out which revealed that the mesta contains 41.89-46.50% cellulose that can be saccharified to release fermentative sugar. Among different physical and physico-chemical pretreatment methods employed, cold alkali (2%) treatment showed maximum cellulose enrichment (38.71%) and significant lignin removal (27.27% of total). Optimization of saccharification process for pretreated mesta biomass was carried out using Box-Behnken design. Based on the observations, use of 4.02% substrate loading, 15.02 FPU/mL of cellulase from psychrotolerant Aspergillus niger SH3, and 5.01 IU/gds of β-glucosidase from Pseudomonas lutea BG8, led to 533.25 mg/gds sugar release from the pretreated biomass. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was carried out using efficient thermotolerant yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae LN that resulted in 4.1 g/L ethanol production. It can be concluded that mesta crop can be a good source for the production of second-generation biofuel and the ethanol yield can be further improved by use of accessory enzymes and co-fermenting yeast.
New sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) UPb zircon geochronologic data, whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data, and zircon and quartz δ18O isotopic data from the Staré Město ...granitoids (SMG), Jawornik granitoids (JG), and Kłodzko-Złoty Stok granitoids (KZSG) and associated mafic and ultramafic rocks are examined. This study provides new insights into the processes of magma generation, transport and emplacement during the Variscan development of the contact zone of the Saxothuringia, Teplá-Barrandia and Brunovistulia in the Central European portion of the Variscan belt. The results of this study, combined with existing geochemical and isotopic data, imply that the parental magmas of these intrusions share a close affinity and suggest that these intrusions formed in a subduction-related tectonic setting. The SMG, JG and KZSG magmas represent hybrids that formed from the contamination of partial melts from the lower crust and/or subducted sediments with various proportions of enriched mantle-derived melts. These mainly sheeted plutons intruded along the main geological boundaries during the Visean and recorded the vertical and lateral displacements between the major tectono-stratigraphic units (microplates) in the NE Bohemian Massif. In the Central Sudetes, these granitoid magmas were first emplaced along the northern continuation of the Moldanubian Zone. The SHRIMP UPb dating of zircons indicates that the SMG intruded the reactivated suture zone between the Brunovistulia and Saxothuringia at 344–341 Ma. Sills of the JG were emplaced between c. 347 and c. 334 Ma. The composite Kłodzko-Złoty Stok Pluton, which includes the KZSG and accompanying mafic enclaves and pyroxenite and lamprophyre dykes, was mainly emplaced at 340–333 Ma. The magmas of the KZSG possibly facilitated the final amalgamation of the Sudetic counterparts of the Teplá-Barrandia and Saxothuringia microplates during the orogenic uplift of the latter. Petrologic and oxygen isotopic data further indicate partial post-magmatic hydrothermal and/or alteration processes. Our new data further stress the connection of magma transfer and active shear zones, which could manifest as crustal-scale magma-ascent conduits.
•Magmatic activity is an integral part of Variscan orogenic processes in the NE Bohemian Massif•U-Pb ages and Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotopes of Kłodzo-Złoty Stok, Jawornik and Staré Město plutons are presented•Multi-method study suggests subduction-related hybrid magmatism during Visean.•Sheeted plutons intruded major shear zones in the Central Sudetes starting at ~344 Ma.•Active shear zones can serve as channels for the crustal-scale transport of melt.
El presente estudio analiza una estadística realizada para averiguar las roturaciones de tierras comunes que se habían realizado en perjuicio de los intereses de la Mesta en la primera mitad del ...siglo XVIII. Pero se sugiere una aproximación al documento desde el punto de vista del análisis textual basado en el valor de metatexto de la estadística y mediante el cual se puede valorar el significado político e histórico de los datos cuantitativos con apuntes sobre el sentido del gobierno de la Ilustración.
V članku avtorja proučujeta, kako spremenjena podoba ulice po prenovi vpliva na dojemanje ulice, njeno senzorično krajino in vzdušje na njej. Na primeru Tumske ulice, glavne ulice v srednje velikem ...poljskem mestu Plock, dokažeta, da imajo lahko tovrstne spremembe nepričakovane posledice, ki pri prebivalcih vzbujajo negativne občutke. Izsledki raziskave, ki je temeljila na mnenju članov fokusnih skupin, kažejo, da trenutno vzdušje na Tumski ulici povzroča negativne zaznave, ki se nanašajo na štiri vrste senzoričnega zaznavanja oziroma značilnosti krajine: : tipne, vidne, slušne in vohalne. Negativna občutja so še močnejša pri posameznikih, ki imajo pozitivne spomine na nekdanjo ulico – na njeno stanje pred prenovo. Zaradi negativnega vzdušja na Tumski ulici in neprijetnih občutij, ki jih vzbuja, so se ulične aktivnosti prebivalcev zmanjšale na najnujnejše opravke. Navedeni izsledki kažejo, da bi se morali pri oblikovanju ali preoblikovanju javnih prostorov vedno upoštevati vplivi na ulično vzdušje in potreba po ustvarjanju pozitivnih občutij.
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