In the lean and anxious years following World War II, Munich society became obsessed with the moral condition of its youth. Initially born of the economic and social disruption of the war years, a ...preoccupation with juvenile delinquency progressed into a full-blown panic over the hypothetical threat that young men and women posed to postwar stability. As Martin Kalb shows in this fascinating study, constructs like the rowdy young boy and the sexually deviant girl served as proxies for the diffuse fears of adult society, while allowing authorities ranging from local institutions to the U.S. military government to strengthen forms of social control.
Munich 1972 Large, David Clay
2012., 2012, 2012-04-16
eBook
Set against the backdrop of the turbulent late 1960s and early 1970s, this compelling book provides the first comprehensive history of the 1972 Munich Olympic Games, notorious for the abduction of ...Israeli Olympians by Palestinian terrorists and the hostages’ tragic deaths after a botched rescue mission by the German police. Drawing on a wealth of newly available sources from the time, eminent historian David Clay Large explores the 1972 festival in all its ramifications. He interweaves the political drama surrounding the Games with the athletic spectacle in the arena of play, itself hardly free of controversy. Writing with flair and an eye for telling detail, Large brings to life the stories of the indelible characters who epitomized the Games. Key figures range from the city itself, the visionaries who brought the Games to Munich against all odds, and of course to the athletes themselves, obscure and famous alike. With the Olympic movement in constant danger of terrorist disruption, and with the fortieth anniversary of the 1972 tragedy upon us in 2012, the Munich story is more timely than ever.
The Munich Olympic Games were an opportunity to present to the world the 'New Germany'. It was clear to everyone that the shadow of the Berlin Olympic Games would follow the Munich Olympic Games at ...every stage. This article deals with West Germany's attempts to erase Berlin 1936 from the public consciousness and to redesign Germany's image as a cosmopolitan, peace-seeking nation. Designing the new German image included innovative architectural design of the Olympic complex, concealing the prominent landmarks associated with the Nazi regime, visual design of the games in cosmopolitan spirit and opening ceremony without national pathos. Most notably absent were the armed security personnel at the Olympic village due to the fear of association that might be evoked by armed German soldiers. Yet reality struck the Germans in the face. The 'New Image' failed to hide the political disputes that arose during the games. The event was fraught with scandals with political overtones in addition to the massacre of the sportsmen by a terrorist organisation. The Games will forever be remembered due to the massacre and the rest of the scandals that occurred therein.
A tradição teórica da tragédia - conflito não solucionado e insolúvel - é a formulação teórica que nos orienta a analisar o Acordo de Munique (1938). Partimos do pressuposto – num cenário confractual ...- que Inglaterra e França cedendo ou não a chantagem de Hitler no Acordo de Munique teríamos a antecipação da ocorrência da II Guerra Mundial (1° setembro de 1939). Ou seja, a inevitabilidade da guerra, numa perspectiva trágica, está ligada a política externa alemã (agressiva e expansiva) do III Reich e a política de apaziguamento de ingleses e franceses. Portanto, Munique é um ponto de inflexão na política de apaziguamento de ingleses e franceses. Utilizaremos dados, quadros, demonstrado que mesmo com o gesto patético e vazio do primeiro ministro Neville Chamberlain ao retornar a Londres e dizer que trouxe paz à Europa, houve aumentos significativos – diferente do período de appeasement - na produção armamentista de franceses, britânicos e alemães a partir dos meses seguintes a setembro de 1938. Ou seja, os tambores da guerra de setembro de 1938 já prenunciavam a chegada de deus Marte (deus da Guerra).
A tradição teórica da tragédia - conflito não solucionado e insolúvel - é a formulação teórica que nos orienta a analisar o Acordo de Munique (1938). Partimos do pressuposto – num cenário confractual ...- que Inglaterra e França cedendo ou não a chantagem de Hitler no Acordo de Munique teríamos a antecipação da ocorrência da II Guerra Mundial (1° setembro de 1939). Ou seja, a inevitabilidade da guerra, numa perspectiva trágica, está ligada a política externa alemã (agressiva e expansiva) do III Reich e a política de apaziguamento de ingleses e franceses. Portanto, Munique é um ponto de inflexão na política de apaziguamento de ingleses e franceses. Utilizaremos dados, quadros, demonstrado que mesmo com o gesto patético e vazio do primeiro ministro Neville Chamberlain ao retornar a Londres e dizer que trouxe paz à Europa, houve aumentos significativos – diferente do período de appeasement - na produção armamentista de franceses, britânicos e alemães a partir dos meses seguintes a setembro de 1938. Ou seja, os tambores da guerra de setembro de 1938 já prenunciavam a chegada de deus Marte (deus da Guerra).
This book is about what it meant to build a city in Germany at the turn of the twentieth century. It explores the physical spaces and mental attitudes that conditioned beliefs about the past and ...expectations for the future in the crucial German generations that shaped the young Reich, fought the Great War, and experienced the Weimar Republic.
Sleep and wake represent two profoundly different states of physiology that arise within the brain from a complex interaction between multiple neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems. These ...neural networks are, in turn, adjusted by three key drivers that collectively determine the duration, quality, and efficiency of sleep. Two of these drivers are endogenous, namely, the circadian system and a homeostatic hourglass oscillator, while the third is exogenous-our societal structure (social time). In this chapter, we outline the neuroscience of sleep and highlight the links between sleep, mood, cognition, and mental health. We emphasize that the complexity of sleep/wake generation and regulation makes this behavioral cycle very vulnerable to disruption and then explore this concept by examining sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD) when the exogenous and endogenous drivers of sleep are in conflict. SCRD can be particularly severe when social timing forces an abnormal pattern of sleep and wake upon our endogenous sleep biology. SCRD is also very common in mental illness, and although well known, this association is poorly understood or treated. Recent studies suggest that the generation of sleep and mental health shares overlapping neural mechanisms such that defects in these endogenous pathways result in pathologies to both behaviors. The evidence for this association is examined in some detail. We conclude this review by suggesting that the emerging understanding of the neurobiology of sleep/wake behavior, and of the health consequences of sleep disruption, will provide new ways to decrease the conflict between biological and societal timing in both the healthy and individuals with mental illness.
Gregors des Großen Regula pastoralis gehört zu den am stärksten althochdeutsch glossierten Texten. Eine umfassende Darstellung dieser Glossen fehlt und ist nicht zu leisten, solange einige der ...wichtigsten Quellen noch immer nicht ausreichend aufgearbeitet sind. Zu diesen gehören die Glossen der Handschriften Clm 6277 und Clm 18550a, die in dieser Untersuchung erstmals vollständig ediert und sprachlich sowie paläographisch kommentiert werden.
In the context of rapid urbanization and climate change, understanding the impact of urban dynamics on surface runoff is important. For future urban planning, there is a particular knowledge gap ...regarding the factors that affect surface runoff to improve urban resilience to local flooding. This study explored the impacts of different urban dynamics on surface water runoff considering the surface cover characteristics of different residential types (i.e., low- and high-density settlements) in the city of Munich, Germany. The surface cover characteristics were quantified using the ‘i-Tree Canopy’ method based on high-resolution aerial images. The surface runoff was simulated by the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method. Meanwhile, the impacts of different urban dynamics on surface runoff were compared by incorporating a scenario-based urban dynamic modeling approach. The results suggest that, compared with low-density settlements, high-density settlement areas tend to generate more surface runoff within the neighborhood because they have considerably less vegetative surfaces and more built ones. As the development of low-density settlements leads to a greater loss of green and open spaces in the surrounding peri-urban areas, however, the compact growth scenarios characterized by high-density settlements have advantages over low-density scenarios in terms of overall surface runoff reduction at the city scale. Thus, the trade-off between the neighborhood and city scale should be considered when promoting nature-based solutions for surface runoff mitigation. Moreover, the approach presented here can be used as an effective planning tool supporting various urban contexts.
•High-density settlements generate more surface runoff within the neighborhood.•Compact growth reduces total surface runoff at the city scale.•Trade-offs in runoff generation were found between neighborhood and city scales.
