Objective
This study aimed to determine the incidence of
Ureaplasma urealyticum
and
Mycoplasma hominis
infections in infertile and fertile men and to investigate their effects on the semen quality. ...The study also aimed to analyze the drug susceptibility of
UU
and
MH
to provide guidance for reasonable antibiotic use.
Methods
A total of 19,098 semen specimens were obtained from infertile men at our hospital from January to December 2014. In addition to these specimens, 3368 semen specimens of sperm were obtained from donors at the sperm bank of our hospital from January 2011 to December 2014. Semen analysis was performed using the methods outlined by the World Health Organization.
Results
The prevalence of
UU
and
MH
significantly differed between infertile and fertile men. The mean progressive motility, total motility, and normal forms in the semen samples of infertile males positive for
UU
significantly differed from the corresponding values of uninfected men. However, the semen parameters did not differ between
MH
-infected and uninfected men. In the antibiotic sensitivity test,
UU
,
MH
, and
UU
mixed with
MH
were all found susceptible to doxycycline and josamycin with drug resistance rates below 6 %, but both species were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin.
Conclusions
Clinical assessment revealed a significant relationship between
UU
and
MH
infections and male infertility.
UU
was found to significantly affect sperm quality, but this was not the case with
MH
. Doxycycline and josamycin should be preferred for clinically treating
UU
and
MH
infections.
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•Activation markers were significantly upregulated with maximum fold-change in CD95.•Upregulation (p < 0.001) of cytokines (IL-1β/IL-17), prostaglandin receptors (EP2/IP)•Positive ...correlation (p < 0.001) in ICAM-1 and IL-1β/EP2/IL-17, TIM3 and IP/IL-17.•Negative correlation in CD66a and EP2/IL-17, CD25 and IL-1β/EP2, CD95 & IL-1β/EP2.•CD66a, ICAM1, TIM3 involved in inflammation; CD25, CD95 involved in immunotolerance.
Spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) is a global health concern. Studies reveal infections are majorly responsible for sPTB and immune activation markers play a role in regulation of maternal immune responses against pathogens during sPTB.
To study the mRNA expression and correlation of activation markers (CD66a, ICAM1, ITGB1, TIM3, CD25, CD95) and associated cytokines (IL-1β and IL-17)/prostaglandin receptors (EP2 and IP) in the placenta of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum-infected sPTB women.
Placental samples were collected from 160 sPTB and 160 term birth women. PCR was used for the detection of C. trachomatis, M. hominis, U. urealyticum. The mRNA expression of activation markers, cytokines and prostaglandin receptors was evaluated by real-time qPCR.
The fold-change expression of CD66a, ICAM1, TIM3, CD25 and CD95 was 2.89, 5.5, 4.95, 6.44 and 6.95-fold (p < 0.001), respectively; while for cytokines- IL-1β and IL-17 was 5.41 and 4.71-fold (p < 0.001), respectively and for prostaglandin receptors- EP2 and IP was 5.5 and 5-fold (p < 0.001) upregulated, respectively in infected sPTB women. Significant positive correlation was obtained among ICAM-1 and IL-1β/EP2/IL-17, TIM3 and IP/IL-17. Significant negative correlation was obtained between CD66a and EP2/IL-17, CD25 and IL-1β/EP2, CD95 and IL-1β/EP2 in infected sPTB women.
CD66a, ICAM1 and TIM3 may play role in inflammation and have potential for the clinical beginning of preterm labour during infection while CD25 and CD95 are possibly involved in immunotolerance at feto-maternal interface during C. trachomatis, M. hominis and U. urealyticum infection.
Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis y Ureaplasma urealyticum colonizan, principalmente, el tracto genital y se han asociado a diversas enfermedades como: endometritis, corioamnionitis, ruptura ...prematura de membranas, muerte fetal, entre otras. Este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal tuvo como objetivo la detección de C. trachomatis, M. hominis y U.urealyticum en muestras endocervicales de mujeres entre 18 a 50 años atendidas en el Centro de Salud Básico de Wichub Huala de Guna Yala. Este centro también recibe pacientes de áreas aledañas de las islas de Nalunega, Corbisky y Mamitupu. Para la detección, se utilizaron los métodos de cultivo en Agar A8 y caldo B10, y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). A las participantes se les aplicó una encuesta para obtener información sobre factores de riesgo asociados a estas infecciones. Como resultado, se obtuvo un 10% de casos positivos distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 6% de U. urealyticum, 2% de M. hominis y 2% de C. trachomatis. Entre los casos positivos se observó que ninguna utilizaba métodos anticonceptivos de barrera, tienen bajo nivel de escolaridad, iniciaron su vida sexual a temprana edad y se encuentran entre los 30 y 45 años de edad.
•The pathogenic potential of Mycoplasma hominis.•The diagnostic challenges of M. hominis extragenital infections.•M. hominis septic arthritis, particularly in immunocompromised hosts needs to be ...considered.•Molecular methods have revolutionized the detection of M. hominis and can prevent devastating consequences.•Prolonged antibiotic therapy targeting M. hominis in addition to appropriate surgical interventions is the mainstay of management.
Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) is fastidious and difficult to grow bacteria with the ability to colonize the genitourinary and respiratory tracts. Infrequently can cause a variety of genitourinary tract infections, pregnancy complications, and neonatal diseases. M. hominis rarely reported to cause extragenital infections and seldomly native joint septic arthritis particularly in immunocompromised hosts, raising diagnostic challenges and is often associated with delayed diagnosis and high morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 30-year-old patient who developed M. hominis native left hip septic arthritis with iliopsoas abscess after receiving rituximab for newly diagnosed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The diagnosis of M. hominis hip septic arthritis with iliopsoas involvement was confirmed following repeated joint and abscess aspiration and identification of the organism with the aid of culture and specific Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The patient was subsequently treated with a prolonged course of antibiotics targeting the organism with a favorable outcome. The clinical presentations, assessment, and management of this rare entity of M. hominis related extragenital infections are outlined. In addition, the literature on similar cases was reviewed to raise awareness and avoid devastating consequences.
Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis y Ureaplasma urealyticum colonizan, principalmente, el tracto genital y se han asociado a diversas enfermedades como: endometritis, corioamnionitis, ruptura ...prematura de membranas, muerte fetal, entre otras. Este estudio descriptivo de corte transversal tuvo como objetivo la detección de C. trachomatis, M. hominis y U.urealyticum en muestras endocervicales de mujeres entre 18 a 50 años atendidas en el Centro de Salud Básico de Wichub Huala de Guna Yala. Este centro también recibe pacientes de áreas aledañas de las islas de Nalunega, Corbisky y Mamitupu. Para la detección, se utilizaron los métodos de cultivo en Agar A8 y caldo B10, y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). A las participantes se les aplicó una encuesta para obtener información sobre factores de riesgo asociados a estas infecciones. Como resultado, se obtuvo un 10% de casos positivos distribuidos de la siguiente manera: 6% de U. urealyticum, 2% de M. hominis y 2% de C. trachomatis. Entre los casos positivos se observó que ninguna utilizaba métodos anticonceptivos de barrera, tienen bajo nivel de escolaridad, iniciaron su vida sexual a temprana edad y se encuentran entre los 30 y 45 años de edad.
Ureaplasma
spp. and
Mycoplasma hominis
, frequent colonizers in the lower urogenital tract, have been implicated in various infections, with antibiotic resistance growing and varying regionally. This ...study aims to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of
Ureaplasma
spp. and
M. hominis
in outpatients in Hangzhou, China, from 2013 to 2019. A total of 135,263 outpatients were examined to determine the prevalence of
Ureaplasma
spp. and
M. hominis
, including 48,638 males and 86,625 females. Furthermore, trends in antibiotic susceptibility of
Ureaplasma
spp. and
M. hominis
during 1999–2019 were analyzed. The cultivation, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, josamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and pristinamycin) were determined using the Mycoplasma IST2 kit. Our study indicated that the overall prevalence of total
Ureaplasma
spp./
M. hominis
was 38.1% from 2013 to 2019.
Ureaplasma
spp. were the most frequently isolated species (overall prevalence, 31.3%), followed by
Ureaplasma
spp./
M. hominis
coinfection (6.0%) and single
M. hominis
infection (0.8%). The prevalence of
Ureaplasma
spp. and
M. hominis
was significantly higher in females than in males, and the highest positive rates of total
Ureaplasma
spp./
M. hominis
were observed in both female and male outpatients aged 14–20 years. During 2013–2019, josamycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and pristinamycin maintained exceptionally high activity (overall resistance rates, <5%) against both
Ureaplasma
spp. and
M. hominis
, but ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed limited activity (overall resistance rates, >70%). During 1999–2019, the rates of resistance to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin increased against both
Ureaplasma
spp. and
M. hominis
but decreased to erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, and doxycycline against
Ureaplasma
spp. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a high prevalence of
Ureaplasma
spp. compared to
M. hominis
and
Ureaplasma
spp./
M. hominis
, and their distribution was associated with sex and age. Josamycin, doxycycline, and tetracycline are promising antibiotics that have remarkable activity against
Ureaplasma
species and
M. hominis
.
Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health concern worldwide, especially in young people. More than 30 pathogens can cause sexually transmitted diseases and co-infection often ...occurs. Therefore, the development of fast, low-cost and easy-to-use diagnostic screening methods is urgently needed for disease prevention and control. Herein, we established an all-in-one microfluidic nucleic acid diagnosis system, which could simultaneously detect Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum directly from genitourinary secretions with minimal manual manipulations. This system integrated nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection on a single microfluidic chip and could be automatically performed in an integrated detection device. This novel diagnosis tool showed good detection limits, stability (coefficient of variation <6%), specificity (no cross-reaction with 23 other pathogens for each target) and resistance to interference by other substances and the diagnostic efficacy was similar to that of PCR. The turn-around time was reduced to 50 min from sample to answer with automated testing steps. This novel diagnosis tool has the advantages of highly integrated, automated, sample-to-answer detection, and could thus replace the traditional method. This could significantly improve the prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases.
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•An all-in-one microfluidic nucleic acid diagnosis system was established.•It could automatically identify pathogens directly from genitourinary secretions.•The diagnostic efficiency that is comparable to the gold-standard method, PCR.
Mycoplasma hominis, a commensal bacterium that commonly inhabits the genital tract, leading to infections in both the genitourinary and extragenital regions. However, the antimicrobial resistance and ...pathogenic mechanisms of M. hominis isolated from extra-urogenital cystic abscess is largely unknown. This study reports the genomic epidemiological characteristics of a M. hominis isolate recovered from a pelvic abscess sample in China. Genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. De novo assembly was performed and in silico analysis was accomplished by multiple bioinformatics tools. For phylogenomic analysis, publicly available M. hominis genomes were retrieved from NCBI GenBank database. Whole genome sequencing data showed that the genome size of M. hominis MH4246 was calculated as 679,746 bp, with 558 protein-coding sequences and a G + C content of 26.9%. M. hominis MH4246 is resistant to fluoroquinolones and macrolides, harboring mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) (GyrA S153L, ParC S91I and ParE V417I) and 23S rRNA gene (G280A, C1500T, T1548C and T2218C). Multiple virulence determinants, such as tuf, hlyA, vaa, oppA, MHO_0730 and alr genes, were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the closest relative of M. hominis MH4246 was the strain MH-1 recovered from China, which differed by 3490 SNPs. Overall, this study contributes to the comprehension of genomic characteristics, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of this pathogen.
The loads of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) may impact infertility, as well as cause risk of transmission. The quality and quantity of semen ...demonstrate male reproductive health. This study aimed to investigate the semen quality affected by CT, MH, and UU loads.
130 semen samples, including infertile and fertile cases, were collected and analyzed. The whole genomic DNA was extracted, and the desired genes' plasmids were constructed. The CT, MH, and UU loads were quantified by real-time PCR. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.
The average age of participants was 35.2 ± 6.8 years. CT, MH, and UU frequency were 9.2% vs. 3.1%, 15.4% vs. 3.1%, and 15.4 vs. 3.1% in infertile and fertile men, respectively. The mean loads of CT, MH, and UU in infertile men were 6.44 log10 copies/ml (range 5.31–7), 4.24 log10 copies/ml (range 3.37–4.7), and 6.94 log10 copies/ml (range 5.08–8.69) respectively, which was significantly higher than fertile men. The findings revealed a significant correlation between CT and UU loads and semen parameters, whereas the load of MH displayed significant effects just on sperm motility, morphology, and the number of leukocytes.
The absence of clinical manifestations may not indicate the quality of semen. The pathogens' loads may significantly influence the quality and properties of male reproductive health.
•Sexually transmitted diseases are one of the most serious causes of infertility.•The frequency and loads of CT, MH and UU in infertile men versus fertile men are significantly different.•The presence and/or absence of CT, MH, and UU in semen may not significantly impact the quality and characteristics of semen.•There is a significant positive association between the number of leukocytes and loads of CT, MH, and UU.
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