The roman vicus at the Saazkogel represents with an expansion of about 9 ha one of the largest so far well-known Roman settlements in eastern Styria, beside the vici of Gleisdorf and Kalsdorf it can ...however be designated as one of the best investigated vici in southeast Noricum. Based on the results of the excavations of 2002 to 2005 and an approximately surface covering geographical investigation a detailed overall view of the settlement can be sketched. Without a doubt the plant of the settlement is due to the traffic-geographically position at the inlet of the Saaz- into the Raab-valley. Here the road in the Raab-valley, which connected Savaria-Szombathely over the vicus of Gleisdorf with central Noricum, meets the southwest road from Flavia Solva. If one regards the structure of the vicus of Saaz, then its pronounced multipartness is noticeable including the entire hill. The settlement can be pursued at the south slope of the Saazkogel on a length of at least 600 m with a gravelled slope-parallel road. North and south this road group building complexes of different size, but very similar in the sketch on artifical terraces. Approximately in the centre of the settlement the greographical prospection shows a larger place-like open space. In the western part the road is flanked by graves, under expanded grave districts were remainders of older buildings of graves, which are probably to be assumed as building in hill graves. This ensemble from actual settlement and grave road with hill graves and younger monumental buildings of graves in Roman manners is to be confronted to the large hill grave field at the north slope of the Saazkogel. The oldest settlement horizon of the Flavian-Traianic period is characterized by timber constructions. The development in stone and the associated restructuring of the settlement with a system of property units oriented uniformly in slope drop direction is to be accepted in the Hadrianic period. This development can be well compared with further findings in southeast Norican settlements (Kalsdorf, Gleisdorf). The typical living and work building of this period is the one-and/or multi-space house in an enclosure. The abandonment of these structures and a new beginning of the activities toward the end of the 2nd century A.D. is to be pointed out in Saaz on the basis of the findings in different settlements sections. This break of the settlement development ist so far not to be seized in a comparable clarity in the neighbouring vici, but shown exclusively with the necessary distinctiveness in the urban centre of the region, Flavia Solva, by a horizon of destruction of the Markomannic Wars. In Saaz the significant findings of a destruction by force, are missing, the reasons for a break of the settlement development could nevertheless be brougth in connection with social and economic injury of wartime situations. With the new settlement activity toward the end of the 2nd century A.D. is to be seized a last prospering. A shift of the settlement emphasis led in further consequence to a cease of the use during the middle decades of the 3rd century A.D.
Der römische Vicus am Saazkogel stellt mit einer Ausdehnung von knapp 9 ha eine der größten bislang bekannten kaiserzeitlichen Siedlungen in der Oststeiermark dar, mit Sicherheit kann er aber neben den Vici von Gleisdorf und Kalsdorf als einer der am besten erforschten Vici in Südostnoricum bezeichnet werden. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen der Ausgrabungen von 2002 bis 2005 und einer annähernd flächendeckenden geophysikalischen Untersuchung lässt sich ein detailliertes Gesamtbild der Siedlung entwerfen. Zweifelsohne ist die Anlage der Siedlung von Saaz durch die verkehrsgeographisch günstige Position an der Einmündung des Saaztals in das Raabtal bedingt. Hier trifft die Straße im Raabtal, welche Savaria-Szombathely über den größeren Vicus von Gleisdorf mit Binnennoricum verband, auf die von Südwesten, aus Flavia Solva, herführende Straße. Betrachtet man die Struktur des Vicus von Saaz selbst, so fällt seine ausgeprägte Mehrteiligkeit unter Einbeziehung des gesamten Hügels auf. Die Siedlung lässt sich am Südhang des Saazkogels auf einer Länge von mindestens 600 m verfolgen, wobei sie von einer geschotterten, hangparallelen Straße durchzogen wird. Nördlich und südlich dieser Straße gruppieren sich unterschiedlich große, im Grundriss zumeist sehr ähnliche Gebäudekomplexe auf künstlichen Terassen. Annähernd in der Mitte der Siedlung lässt die geophysikalische Prospektion eine größere platzartige Freifläche erkennen. Im Westteil wird die Straße von Grabbauten flankiert, unter ausgedehnten ummauerten Grabbezirken befanden sich Reste älterer Grabbauten, die vermutlich als Einbauten in Hügelgräbern anzusprechen sind. Diesem Ensemble aus eigentlicher Siedlung und Gräberstraße mit Hügelgräbern und jüngeren monumentalen Grabbauten in italisch-römischer Manier ist das große Hügelgräberfeld am Nordhang des Saazkogels gegenüberzustellen. Der älteste Siedlungshorizont flavisch-trajanischer Zeit ist durch Holzbauten charakterisiert. Ein Ausbau in Stein und die damit verbundene Neustrukturierung der Siedlung mit einem einheitlich in Hangfallrichtung orientierten System von Grundstückseinheiten ist in hadrinischer Zeit anzunehmen. Dieser Ausbau lässt sich gut mit weiteren Befunden in südostnorischen Ansiedlungen (Kalsdorf, Gleisdorf) vergleichen. Das typische Wohn- und Werkgebäude dieser Periode ist das Ein- bzw. Mehrraumhaus in einem umfriedeten Areal. Die Niederlegung dieser Strukturen und ein Neubeginn der Aktivitäten gegen Ende des 2. Jhs. n.Chr. ist in Saaz anhand der Befunde in unterschiedlichen Siedlungsabschnitten aufzuzeigen. Dieser Hiat der Siedlungsentwicklung ist in der für Saaz dokumentierbaren Deutlichkeit in den benachbarten Vici bislang nicht zu erfassen und mit der nötigen Stringenz ausschließlich im städtischen Zentrum der Region, Flavia Solva, durch Brandhorizonte der Markomannenkriege zu belegen. In Saaz fehlen die signifikanten Befunde einer gewaltsamen Zerstörung, die Gründe für eine kurzfristige Siedlungsaufgabe könnten gleichwohl mit der Unbill kriegerischer Ereignisse im Land in Verbindung zu bringen sein. Mit dem Neueinsetzen der Siedlungstätigkeit gegen Ende des 2. Jhs. n. Chr. ist zugleich auch ein letztmaliges Prosperieren zu erfassen. Eine Verlagerung des Siedlungsschwerpunkts dürfte in weiterer Folge zu einem Abbruch der Nutzung in den mittleren Jahrzehnten des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. geführt haben.
The article presents the reconstruction of the fifth tombfrom Šempeter - the Arcade Tomb. It is composed of a closed,probably two-tiered, socle with an accentuated vertical divi-sion, ...an open upper storey with a canopy in its interior, andcovered by a gabled roof. It takes the form of an aedicula tomb,more precisely an aedicula tomb with several intercolumnia-tions and a portico. Its particular feature, however, is the formof the upper storey. This shows a combination of two types offunerary monuments, and aedicula and a baldachin tomb,combined here in a single tomb
ABSTRACT
High‐resolution magnetics and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) prospecting methods are both employed over large areas (125 000 and 45 000 m2) at the Roman town of Flavia Solva in Austria. ...High‐resolution magnetics using a multisensor caesium gradiometer were used in a survey in a raster of 0.5 x 0.125 m. GPR measurements using a PulseEKKO 1000 device applying 450 and 900 MHz antennae were carried out in a raster of 0.5 x 0.05 m. The collected data are evaluated and visualized in grey scale, using the self‐developed software, APMAG and APRADAR. In addition, the small prospected areas are combined automatically into one coherent image and transformed into global coordinate system (geo‐referencing) for archaeological interpretation in the Geographical Information System (GIS). The magnetic prospecting shows very clearly the extent of the Roman town of Flavia Solva. The Roman streets and walls appear in the magnetics as negative anomalies (black). The positive magnetic anomalies could be due to brick walls, which did not show up as structures in the GPR. On the other hand, GPR provides a lot of detailed three‐dimensional information about the archaeological structures.
The funerary medallion is a kind of Roman gravestone that was widespread
in Noricum, and somewhat less so in Pannonia. So far only two examples are
known from Croatia, one from the village of Majur ...to the west of Bjelovar, and
the other one from the village of Biškupci southeast of Daruvar, both unfortunately
chance finds without a precise archaeological context. The first part
of the paper addresses a general spatial-chronological and cultural context for
such finds. The second part discusses the only two such monuments from north
Croatia, which were first published in 2018 within a wider evidence of Roman
funerary monuments from north-western Croatia. In this paper these two medallions
are juxtaposed and discussed in minute detail in their archaeological
and cultural-historical context within Norico-Pannonian funerary art. The example
from Biškupci is dated to the early 3rd century, and the one from Majur to
the mid or later 3rd century.
Prema rimskom arhitektu Vitruviju (De architectura 5, 3, 1), gradnja kazališta spada među najvažnije prioritete: “Nakon što se odredi mjesto za forum, treba naći što zdravije mjesto za kazalište, za ...prikazivanje igara tijekom svetkovina besmrtnih bogova…” Ostatci, odnosno dokazi za postojanje antičkih kazališta mogu se naći u cijelom Rimskom Carstvu. To su zapravo pokazatelji postojanja kazališta na osnovi arhitektonskih ostataka ili spominjanja izvedaba koje nalazimo na natpisima. Do sada je, međutim, malo pozornosti poklonjeno provincijama Dalmaciji, Meziji, Noriku i Panoniji, posebno u pogledu rasprostranjenosti kazališta i njihovoj povijesti tijekom antičkog razdoblja. Upravo u ove četiri provincije, u kojima se susreću različite kulture, možemo primijetiti grčki, rimsko/italski i galski utjecaj. Štoviše, te nam provincije daju iznimnu ostavštinu kakva se ne može naći u ostatku Rimskog Carstva.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- The publication provides a detailed study of a burnt layer from Insula XLI in Flavia Solva (Wagna, Austria), dated ca. AD 170, i.e. ...within the period of the Marcomannic Wars. In addition to cultural and historical topics, the problem of historicity of archaeological features, particularly burnt layers, is given special consideration. Apart from the presentation of an exceptional archaeological feature within the eastern Alpine-Adriatic region the book provides methodical contributions to the understanding of archaeology as a historically oriented cultural science.The connection of event-historical data and archaeological features or their interpretation has been a central research concern since the beginnings of the archaeology of the Roman provinces. The affiliation of Roman provincial archaeology with the historical sciences or the historical cultural sciences has also been confirmed by different researchers (e. g. R. Fellmann, M. K. H. Eggert).
For the history of the Danube provinces, the Marcomannic Wars (166–180 AD) of Marc Aurel constitute a significant and crucial chronology of historic events during the second half of the 2nd century AD. The topic of this publication deals with the consequences of these wars and their evidence in the archaeological sources. Regarding the historic events of the Marcomannic Wars, the Germanic invasion as far as Upper Italy – which probably took place during the year 170 AD – is the centerpiece of the examination. Concerning the archaeological sources, the attention focuses on an almost contemporary burnt layer in the Insula XLI of the South-Eastern Noric Municipium Flavia Solva.
This research paper is a two-level approach of the connection of the mentioned event history and the archaeological evidences.
The first – concrete – level introduces the burnt feature of Insula XLI and evaluates it in detail in order to illustrate in a well-founded way the following usage of the feature as a case study for the different methodical problems in connection with the topic.
In order to create a comprehensible starting position for these advanced considerations, it is necessary to take a close look at the historic background, its written sources of antique writers and to examine critically some historical interpretations of the classical and ancient studies regarding the consequences of the Marcomannic Wars, in particular in connection with the case study Flavia Solva.
An additional precondition for the evaluation and interpretation of the feature is the analysis of the genesis of the existing archaeological sources regarding their archaeological recovery and processing and the interpretation and reconstruction of depositional and post-depositional processes.
Only these preparatory considerations allow the further methodically clean evaluation and interpretation of the features and the findings.
All essential data of the findings are noted in a detailed catalogue. Thereby, a basis for an assessment and documentation of cultural-historical framework conditions is finally created.
A comparison with statements made on the occasion of the connection of archaeological features – in particular in the western Danube provinces – with the Marcomannic Wars illustrates different research assessments of the sources.
Significant methodical problems and uncertainties emerge which can be created in connection with the heterogeneous sources, especially the connection of archaeological features with historical events.
Finally, this research paper intends to go beyond the first interpretation level concentrated in particular on the existing case study and enable considerations on a second, abstract level.
However, at first is discussed – in connection with the existing case study – to what extent the results of the evaluation of the archaeological feature can be combined with the context of the event history. A catalogue of premises – whose fulfillment or non-fulfillment speaks for or against such a connection – becomes at the same time a landmark instrument for the adjustment of possible options of historical interpretation.
Finally, the methods of perception of classical and ancient disciplines concerning the connection of archaeological features and historical events are examined in the framework of a perspective.
This differentiated approach of the topic guarantees that the existing source material is utilized as completely as possible and that the subject is not only enriched with the presentation of an additional important closed feature and its interpretation but – beyond that – experiences a methodical contribution to the specific and central problem of the connection of archaeological features with the historical event.- Die Publikation bietet eine eingehende Studie über archäologische Befunde und Funde eines um 170 n. Chr., d. h. in den Zeitraum der Markomannenkriege, datierenden Brandhorizontes der Insula XLI von Flavia Solva (Wagna, Österreich). Neben kulturhistorischen Themen wird das Problem der Historizität archäologischer Befunde in der Veröffentlichung besonders berücksichtigt. Abgesehen von der Vorlage eines für den Alpen-Adria-Raum exzeptionellen archäologischen Befundes leistet das Buch mit diesen wissenschaftlichen Schwerpunkten methodische Beiträge zum Verständnis von Archäologie als historischer Kulturwissenschaft.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
PDF
