The need for effective development and use of space is a key task posed in the strategic planning documents of the Russian Federation. The “periphery–center” migration of resources and a declining ...ability of regions to reproduce high-quality human potential question the possibility of achieving the goals of effective spatial development. The added complication is that regions are extremely rigid when it comes to decision-making, since the policy of the “center” dictates every move of regional authorities. The article systematizes research and regulatory materials in the field of spatial development. It aims to formulate a methodology for assessing the performance of regional authorities, which should meet the following requirements: (i) be transparent and do not include indicators that governors are practically unable to change, and (ii) be integrated and focused on not only the socio-economic, but also spatial development of the region. The methodological basis of the research includes the theories of spatial development, including cumulative growth theories. The methods of statistical comparison, dynamics analysis and correlation analysis are applied. The information base covers legal acts; strategic planning documents; Rosstat statistical data; socio-economic rankings of regions, and management effectiveness rankings of the RF constituent entities. The study reveals the development trends in Chelyabinsk oblast’s economic space. It positions the region in the “center – periphery” system and shows its underperformance in comparison with Sverdlovsk oblast in the sphere of economic development (the level of GRP per capita is lagging behind the indicators of Sverdlovsk oblast and the national average), financial well-being (despite a high margin of financial strength, the income of Chelyabinsk region’s population is 1.5 times lower than in Sverdlovsk oblast), human capital (both in statics as of the end of 2019 and in dynamics since 2010, Chelyabinsk oblast demonstrates more negative results in relation to the number of students, postgraduate students, doctoral students, researchers with scientific degrees, etc.). The author raises the question about the gradual inclusion of spatial development indicators in the list of the existing indicators for assessing regional authorities performance.
The priority goal of Russia’s monetary policy is keeping inflation close to the target. Within the inflation-targeting regime, the monetary policy is adopted at the national level and therefore, is ...uniform for all regions of the country. However, differentiation of inflation rates between regions characteristic of Russia’s economy gains even greater importance under the enacted policy, because inflation targeting produces different effects on the sustainability of the economic development of regions with different industrial structures. The paper aims to study the impact of the inflation-targeting regime on the economic performance of the Sverdlovsk oblast, which belongs to old industrial regions. The methodological basis of the research consists of the theoretical propositions of economic theory and macroeconomics. The authors use correlation and factor analysis, methods of observation and comparison. According to the findings, implementing inflation targeting since 2015 has permitted to reduce inflation and keep it down in the Sverdlovsk oblast. However, it has also contributed to the deterioration of the key indicators reflecting its economic development. The study concludes that despite being effective in terms of reducing inflation, the said regime impedes sustainable economic development of the industrial region.
The process of understanding the factors that affect the implementation of smart management in cities is pivotal for using this concept to improve the well-being of the population. The goal of this ...study is to establish the specifics of the implementation of the smart management concept in cities with different sizes and functional specialization. 44 cities of Lviv Oblast (Ukraine) are selected for this goal. The main method was a content analysis of information sources related to the activities of local authorities. The most important indicators that reflect the development of various components of a smart city are analyzed. It is established that measures for the introduction of smart technologies are carried out in most cities of the Oblast (about 80%). The leading cities are Lviv and Drohobych, among other cities are Boryslav, Truskavets, and Zolochiv. The share of cities with a high level of implementation of smart management technology is only 4%. However, 56% of the total urban population lives in these cities. Other cities are the smallest cities that did not have the functions of district centers. The share of such cities is 20% but only 3% of the population inhabits them. Among the components of the smart city concept, e-government tools are being most actively developed, followed by energy efficiency measures. There is no direct relationship between the size of cities and the implementation of smart technologies. Smart technologies are most intensively implemented in cities focused on tourism development. Former industrial cities are less successful.
The results of long-term studies (1983–2019) on the breeding biology of the starling (
Sturnus vulgaris
) in the subtaiga forest subzone in southeastern Western Siberia are analyzed. Data were ...obtained from the surroundings of Tomsk (56°28′ N, 84°54′ E, 90 m a.s.l.), the village of Kireevsk (Tomsk oblast, 56°22′ N, 84°05′ E, 90 m a.s.l.), and the village of Lomachevka (Kemerovo oblast, 56°08′ N, 86°50′ E, 190 m a.s.l.). In the study area, 932 nests were examined, with 3693 eggs measured and 135 clutches weighed. The nest-box occupation rate was 24.1%. The mean long-term date for the earliest egg laying event was April 29 (April 19 to May 6), and the median laying date was May 25 (May 19 to May 31). A long-term advancement of laying dates was revealed. That was consistent with a significant trend to warming in April. The mean clutch size was 5.27 ± 0.03 eggs, and the mean volume of an egg was 6208 ± 9 mm
3
. The reproductive success amounted to 51.5%. The embryonic mortality was 6.1%, and the partial brood mortality was 22.0% of the total number of hatched nestlings and 23.6% in successful nests. The mean number of fledglings per successful attempt and breeding attempt were 3.69 ± 0.05 and 2.56 ± 0.07, respectively. The success and productivity of reproduction in cultivated landscapes (villages, suburban dry meadows, farmlands and forest clearing) were about two times greater than in natural or poorly transformed habitats (a floodplain meadow or a dry meadow located at a great distance from the village). The differences were mainly due to lower losses of clutches and nestlings in cultivated landscapes after the return of acold weather. The clutch size in Western Siberia was significantly larger than in the European part of the species range. The volume of eggs, the breeding success, the number of fledglings per attempt, and successful breeding attempts in Western Siberia were significantly lower than those in the European part of the Starling distribution range.
The article presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of financing the road economy of the Murmansk region — the Arctic region, the development of transport, including road, infrastructure ...of which acquires particular importance in the light of the implementation of national interests and priority directions of Russian state policy in the Arctic. In the course of work, the author considered the dynamics of spending funds from the Road Fund of the Murmansk region for 2012–2020. It has been determined that the existing volume of financing of the regional road infrastructure does not allow the region to fully implement the tasks of developing road infrastructure and improving the quality of highways (primarily local ones). It is concluded that additional funds are needed to finance the road infrastructure of the Arctic regions, including through the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. The results of the study can be used in the formation of a policy in the field of road facilities in the Murmansk region, as well as in further research on the financial support of road activities and the functioning of road funds.
Using the example of the Murmansk Oblast, the article analyzes the functioning of religious tourism within a region located in the conditions of the Polar and Subpolar areas. The region is considered ...as an example of the development of this direction of recreational economy, within which almost all objects of religious infrastructure, acting as the main objects of excursion display on thematic tourist routes, were lost during the Soviet period. A differentiated approach is used to apply the calculated coefficient of territorial concentration in order to identify the features of the placement of functioning monasteries, temples, and chapels. Their high concentration within certain areas of the Murmansk Oblast is recorded. On this basis, as well as on the basis of the analysis of the composition of the main thematic routes offered on the market, the following religious tourism clusters are proposed to be identified — Murman-Kolskiy, Tersko-Beregovoy, and Pechengskiy. The main conclusion of the article is that the role of religious objects in the implementation of educational routes throughout the Murmansk Oblast is significant, and religious tourism within its borders not only operates despite the high dispersion in the placement of monasteries and temples, as well as the losses of the Soviet period, but also has prospects for the introduction of innovative forms.
Objective
: To study the regional features of the West Nile fever (WNF) epidemic process manifestations using the example of the territory with stable and long-term pathogen circulation (Volgograd ...Oblast).
Materials and Methods
: We used the data of the Reference Center for monitoring the WNF pathogen based on the Volgograd Research Anti-Plague Institute of Rospotrebnadzor over 1999–2021. The main method is a comprehensive epidemiological method.
Results
: The long-term changes in the WNF incidence in Volgograd Oblast is characterized by a cyclical nature with an interval of 1–8 years and a tendency to decrease. The maximum risk of infection occurs in August (58.8%), but there is an increase in the number of cases in September. The average duration of the epidemic season is 8.4 weeks. Case fatality rate is at the level of 4.3%; the prevalence of the number of deaths in the group of 70 years and older (75%), as well as among men (63.6%) has been established. The greatest contribution to the incidence rate is made by the age group of 60 years and older (37.7%). Features of the clinical presentation include the dominance of forms without damage to the central nervous system (91.1%) and moderate clinical course (72.3%). The prevalence of the urban population among the infected was noted (85.5%).
Conclusion
: A comparative analysis of the clinical and epidemiological WNF manifestations in Volgograd Oblast, territories with a stable circulation of the pathogen (Astrakhan and Rostov Oblasts) and, in overall, the Russian Federation, established differences in the duration of cyclical fluctuations in incidence, seasonality (Rostov Oblast), age structure of incidence (Astrakhan Oblast), distribution of cases by the severity of the clinical course, the site of the alleged infection and social status.
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