Amish paradox Hurst, Charles E; McConnell, David L
2010, 2010-04-05
eBook, Book
Holmes County, Ohio, is home to the largest and most diverse Amish community in the world. Yet, surprisingly, it remains relatively unknown compared to its famous cousin in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. ...Charles E. Hurst and David L. McConnell conducted seven years of fieldwork, including interviews with over 200 residents, to understand the dynamism that drives social change and schism within the settlement, where Amish enterprises and nonfarming employment have prospered. The authors contend that the Holmes County Amish are experiencing an unprecedented and complex process of change as their increasing entanglement with the non-Amish market causes them to rethink their religious convictions, family practices, educational choices, occupational shifts, and health care options.
The authors challenge the popular image of the Amish as a homogeneous, static, insulated society, showing how the Amish balance tensions between individual needs and community values. They find that self-made millionaires work alongside struggling dairy farmers; successful female entrepreneurs live next door to stay-at-home mothers; and teenagers both embrace and reject the coming-of-age ritual, rumspringa.
An Amish Paradox captures the complexity and creativity of the Holmes County Amish, dispelling the image of the Amish as a vestige of a bygone era and showing how they reinterpret tradition as modernity encroaches on their distinct way of life.
Mining causes drastic disturbances in landscape and soil properties, and reclamation can restore soil quality over time. Thus, assessing changes in properties of reclaimed mine soils is essential to ...understanding the effects of the reclamation techniques. This study was aimed at quantifying the effects of mining and reclamation processes on physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soils for three dominant soil series in Ohio: Mahoning–Canfield–Rittman–Chili, Coshocton–Westmoreland–Berks, and Gilpin–Upshur–Lowell–Guernsey. Three newly reclaimed mine sites (<
1
year since reclamation) were identified from each of the three soil series. Three sampling locations were identified for each mine site. Each sampling location consisted of a paired, undisturbed reference site adjacent to the reclaimed mine sites (RMSs). Thus, there were 54 sampling locations distributed throughout eight counties in eastern Ohio. Composite and core samples were obtained from 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45
cm depths in 2008. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured and changes in properties of the RMSs in reference to the adjacent, undisturbed sites were quantified. The bulk density (BD) of the RMSs (1.11 to 1.69
Mg m
−
3
) significantly increased by up to 54% compared to that of the undisturbed sites (0.98 to 1.41
Mg m
−
3
) at the 0–15
cm depth but not at the lower depths. The BD of the RMS was also affected by soil series, a high BD in the Mahoning–Canfield–Rittman–Chili soil series. Mining and reclamation activities increased soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC), and decreased soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) pools. At the 0–15
cm depth, soil pH in RMSs (4.9 to 8.1) was 4 to 31% higher than that of the undisturbed sites (4.6 to 7.0). Likewise, EC in RMS (119 to 349
μS cm
−
1
) was >
200% higher than those for the undisturbed sites (43 to 154
μS cm
−
1
). In the 0–15
cm depth, SOC pools in RMSs (1.2 to 2.5
Mg ha
−
1
) declined by 52 to 83% of undisturbed sites (11 to 29
Mg ha
−
1
). Similarly, N pools in RMSs (1.2 to 2.5
Mg ha
−
1
) declined by 42 to 75% of undisturbed sites (3.1 to 5.1
Mg ha
−
1
). Clay content was positively correlated with SOC concentration in the RMSs but not in the undisturbed site. This trend indicates that a RMS high in clay content has a relatively high SOC sink capacity. The SOC, N, C:N ratio, and EC in the subsurface layer of RMSs were similar to those of the surface soil, although later received a topsoil cover. Such a trend suggests that topsoil materials require better handling during removal, storage, and application so as to preserve soil structure, nutrients, SOC, and N pools.
►Mining and the reclamation process increased soil bulk density at the 0–15
cm depth. ►Clay content positively correlated with soil carbon in the reclaimed site. ►Mining increased soil pH and EC, and decreased carbon and nitrogen pools. ►Topsoil requires better handling to preserve soil structure, SOC, and N pools.
Keep on Fighting Christenson, Dorothy H; Frederickson, Mary E
2015, 2015-07-15
eBook
Marian Alexander Spencer was born in 1920 in the Ohio River town of Gallipolis, Ohio, one year after the Red Summer of 1919 that saw an upsurge in race riots and lynchings. Following the example of ...her grandfather, an ex-slave and community leader, Marian joined the NAACP at thirteen and grew up to achieve not only a number of civic leadership firsts in her adopted home city of Cincinnati, but a legacy of lasting civil rights victories.Of these, the best known is the desegregation of Cincinnatis Coney Island amusement park. She also fought to desegregate Cincinnati schools and to stop the introduction of observers in black voting precincts in Ohio. Her campaign to raise awareness of industrial toxic-waste practices in minority neighborhoods was later adapted into national Superfund legislation.In 2012, Marians friend and colleague Dot Christenson sat down with her to record her memories. The resulting biography not only gives us the life story of remarkable leader but encapsulates many of the twentieth centurys greatest struggles and advances. Spencers story will prove inspirational and instructive to citizens and students alike.
In a society increasingly dominated by zero-tolerance thinking, Punishing Schools argues that our educational system has become both the subject of legislative punishment and an instrument for the ...punishment of children. William Lyons and Julie Drew analyze the connections between state sanctions against our schools (the diversion of funding to charter schools, imposition of unfunded mandates, and enforcement of dubious forms of teacher accountability) and the schools' own infliction of punitive measures on their students—a vicious cycle that creates fear and encourages the development of passive and dependent citizens.
Preserving the Vanishing City considers the unique challenges, conditions, and opportunities facing Cleveland's historic preservation community during the 1970s and 1980s. While pro-preservationists ...argued for the economic and revitalization benefits stemming from saving and repurposing older buildings, population loss and economic contraction prompted decades of deterioration, underinvestment, vacancy, and abandonment. Stephanie Ryberg-Webster uncovers the motivations, strategies, and constraints driving Cleveland's historic preservation sector, led by the public-sector Cleveland Landmarks Commission, nonprofit Cleveland Restoration Society, and a cadre of advocates. She sheds light on the ways in which preservationists confronted severe, escalating, and sustained urban decline, which plagued Cleveland, a prototypical rust-belt industrial city.Preserving the Vanishing City chronicles the rise of the historic preservation profession in Cleveland and provides six case studies about targeted projects and neighborhood efforts, including industrial heritage, housing preservation and restoration, commercial district revitalization, securing local historic district designations, as well as grassroots organizing, coalition building, and partnerships. Ryberg-Webster also addresses the complexities of historic preservation within the context of rapid racial change in Cleveland's neighborhoods. A comprehensive history of preservation within the context of one city's urban decline, Preserving the Vanishing Cityrecounts the successes, failures, and creative strategies employed to save Cleveland's built environment.
Ohio Canal Era Scheiber, Harry N; Friedman, Lawrence M
02/2012
eBook
Ohio Canal Era,a rich analysis of state policies and their impact in directing economic change, is a classic on the subject of the pre-Civil War transportation revolution. This edition contains a new ...foreword by scholar Lawrence M. Friedman, Professor of Law, Stanford Law School, and a bibliographic note by the author.Professor Scheiber explores how Ohio-as a "public enterprise state," creating state agencies and mobilizing public resources for transport innovation and control-led in the process of economic change before the Civil War. No other historical account of the period provides so full and insightful a portrayal of "law in action." Scheiber reveals the important roles of American nineteenth-century government in economic policy-making, finance, administration, and entrepreneurial activities in support of economic development.His study is equally important as an economic history. Scheiber provides a full account of waves of technological innovation and of the transformation of Ohio's commerce, agriculture, and industrialization in an era of hectic economic change. And he tells the intriguing story of how the earliest railroads of the Old Northwest were built and financed, finally confronting the state-owned canal system with a devastating competitive challenge.Amid the current debate surrounding "privatization," "deregulation," and the appropriate use of "industrial policy" by government to shape and channel the economy. Scheiber's landmark study gives vital historical context to issues of privatization and deregulation that we confront in new forms today.
The Underground Railroad, an often misunderstood antebellum institution, has been viewed as a simple combination of mainly white "conductors" and black "passengers." Keith P. Griffler takes a new, ...battlefield-level view of the war against American slavery as he reevaluates one of its front lines: the Ohio River, the longest commercial dividing line between slavery and freedom. In shifting the focus from the much discussed white-led "stations" to the primarily black-led frontline struggle along the Ohio, Griffler reveals for the first time the crucial importance of the freedom movement in the river's port cities and towns. Front Line of Freedom fully examines America's first successful interracial freedom movement, which proved to be as much a struggle to transform the states north of the Ohio as those to its south. In a climate of racial proscription, mob violence, and white hostility, the efforts of Ohio Valley African Americans to establish and maintain communities became inextricably linked to the steady stream of fugitives crossing the region. As Griffler traces the efforts of African Americans to free themselves, Griffler provides a window into the process by which this clandestine network took shape and grew into a powerful force in antebellum America.
Nearly 2000 years ago, people living in the river valleys of southern Ohio built earthen monuments on a scale that is unmatched in the archaeological record for small-scale societies. The period from ...c. 200 BC to c. AD 500 (Early to Middle Woodland) witnessed the construction of mounds, earthen walls, ditches, borrow pits and other earthen and stone features covering dozen of hectares at many sites and hundreds of hectares at some. The development of the vast Hopewell Culture geometric earthwork complexes such as those at Mound City, Chilicothe; Hopewell; and the Newark earthworks was accompanied by the establishment of wide-ranging cultural contacts reflected in the movement of exotic and strikingly beautiful artefacts such as elaborate tobacco pipes, obsidian and chert arrowheads, copper axes and regalia, animal figurines and delicately carved sheets of mica. These phenomena, coupled with complex burial rituals, indicate the emergence of a political economy based on a powerful ideology of individual power and prestige, and the creation of a vast cultural landscape within which the monument complexes were central to a ritual cycle encompassing a substantial geographical area. The labour needed to build these vast cultural landscapes exceeds population estimates for the region, and suggests that people from near (and possibly far) travelled to the Scioto and other river valleys to help with construction of these monumental earthen complexes. Here, Mark Lynott draws on more than a decade of research and extensive new datasets to re-examine the spectacular and massive scale Ohio Hopewell landscapes and to explore the society that created them.
SunWatch Cook, Robert A
2008, 2007, 2008-03-30
eBook
The last prehistoric cultures to inhabit the Middle Ohio Valley  (ca. A.D. 1000–1650) are referred to as Fort Ancient societies, which exhibited a wide variety of Mississippian period ...characteristics. What is less well-known and little understood are the social processes by which Mississippian characteristics spread to Fort Ancient communities. Through a comprehensive study of SunWatch, one of the few thoroughly excavated Fort Ancient settlements, the author focuses on the development of village social structure within a broad geographic and temporal framework, recognizing border areas as particularly dynamic contexts of social change. As a fundamental study of social patterning of Fort Ancient villages, this work reveals the interrelationships of small social units in culture change and social structure development and provides a full reconsideration of the Mississippian dimensions of Fort Ancient societies and a model for future investigations of larger patterning in the late prehistory of the region.
The history of Cincinnati runs much deeper than the stories of hogs that once roamed downtown streets. In addition to hosting the nation's first professional baseball team, the Tall Stacks riverboat ...celebration, and the May Festival, there's another side to the city-one that includes some of the most famous names and organizations in American letters.Literary Cincinnatifills in this missing chapter, taking the reader on a joyous ride with some of the great literary personalities who have shaped life in the Queen City. Meet the young Samuel Clemens working in a local print shop, Fanny Trollope struggling to open her bizarre bazaar, Sinclair Lewis researchingBabbitt, hairdresser Eliza Potter telling the secrets of her rich clientele, and many more who defined the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Queen City.For lovers of literature everywhere-but especially in Cincinnati-this is a literary tour that will entertain, inform, and amuse.
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