This study aims to analyze the contribution of each apparatus' score component to the overall score and to identify the key performance indicators that distinguish medalists from non-medalists among ...the 10 finalists in rhythmic gymnastics at the 2020 Olympic Games, Tokyo. Medalists (n=3) and non-medalists (n=7) were separated in the sample. Each apparatus (hoop/ball/clubs/ribbon) had seven components body difficulty (DB), apparatus difficulty (DA), D total, artistic execution (EA), execution technical (ET), E total, total score (TS) of apparatus, and a total final score (TFS-sum of four apparatus scores). A total of 350 scores were analyzed. The Mann–Whitney U tests and Cohen's d effect size (ES) calculation were used to calculate differences. The following variables were determined to differentiate the TFS of the medalist and the non-medalist gymnasts: the large effect with Ball-DA/D total/EA/E total/TS (ES=1.550–1.879), Clubs-DA/D total/EA/TS (ES=0.316–2.080), Hoop-DA/D total/TS (ES=1.897–2.316), Ribbon-EA (ES=1.879), and with a low-effect Clubs-AD(ES=0.316) components. Hoop-DA and Hoop-D-TS (ES=2.316, p< 0.05) have the greatest impact, while all DB and ET scores (p>0.05) have no effect on TFS. The impact of apparatus-specific score components on Olympic medal outcomes varies significantly. Notably, difficulty scores (both total and apparatus-specific) and artistic scores emerged as key performance indicators for achieving high total scores and securing a medal in rhythmic gymnastics at the Olympic Games. Coaches should prioritize choreography planning aimed at enhancing difficulty, particularly the apparatus difficulty score, while also focusing on enhancing artistic quality through flawless execution of routines by the gymnasts.
Namen raziskave je bil razčleniti seštevke ocen orodja v rezultatu mnogoboja in določiti ključne kazalnike uspešnosti, po katerih se med 10 finalistkami v ritmiki na olimpijskih igrah 2020 v Tokiu razlikujejo dobitnice odličij od ostalih finalistk. V vzorcu smo ločili dobitnice odličij (n=3) in ostale (n=7). Ocena na vsakem orodju (obroč/žoga/kiji/trak) je imela sedem delovtežavnosti s telesom (DB), težavnosti z orodjem (DA), skupna D ocena, umetniška izvedba (EA), tehnična izvedba (ET), skupna E ocena, skupni rezultat (TS) orodja in skupno končno oceno (TFS-vsota štirih ocen orodij). Za izračun razlik so bili uporabljeni Mann–Whitneyjevi testi U in Cohenov izračun velikosti učinka d (ES). Naslednje spremenljivke so bile določene za razlikovanje TFS ritmičark, ki so osvojile odličje, in ritmičark brez: velik učinek z žogo-DA/D skupno/EA/E skupno/TS (ES=1,550–1,879), kiji-DA/D skupno /EA/TS (ES=0,316–2,080), obročem-DA/D skupno/TS (ES=1,897–2,316), trak-EA (ES=1,879) in z nizkim učinkom kiji-AD(ES=0,316 ). Obroč-DA in Obroč-D-TS (ES=2,316, p<0,05) imata največji vpliv, medtem ko vsi rezultati DB in ET (p>0,05) nimajo vpliva na TFS. Vpliv posameznega dela ocene, na rezultat z olimpijskim odličjem se razlikuje glede na orodje. Kot ključni pokazatelji uspešnosti pri doseganju visoke končne ocene in zagotovitev olimpijskega odličja se je pokazaIa ocena za težavnost (D) (tako v mogoboju kot na posameznih orodjih) in ocena umetniške vrednosti. Vaditelji bi morali pri načrtovanju sestave stremeti k čim višji težavnostni vrednosti sestave, zlasti težavnosti dela z orodjem in se ob tem osredotočiti na izboljšanje umetniške vrednosti in brezhibni tehnični izvedbi.
This study examined the movement characteristics of the double-leg attack in elite and non-elite wrestlers. Twenty light-weight male wrestlers were divided by skill level: Elite group (
= 11) who ...participated in international-level competitions and Non-Elite group (
= 9) consisting of college-level wrestlers. Each wrestler performed the double-leg attacks against a defender. Three-dimensional coordinates of anatomical landmarks and the ground reaction force (GRF) of the trailing limb were analyzed. The forward velocity and displacement of the whole-body center of mass (COM) and the 7th cervical spine (C7), which represents the upper body, were calculated. Additionally, joint torques were calculated by a standard inverse dynamics method. No significant differences were observed between groups for movement duration and the C7 forward displacement, which relates to the interpersonal distance. Still, they were significantly correlated in the non-elite wrestlers, as well as in all wrestlers (
= 0.78,
< 0.05 and
= 0.65,
< 0.01, respectively). While there were no group differences in joint angles at both limbs and torques at the trailing limb, the time-to-peak resultant GRF was shorter, and peak resultant GRF was greater at the trailing limb in the elite wrestlers compared to that in the non-elite wrestlers (
< 0.05). There were no group differences in peak forward velocity of the COM and the C7. However, the C7 forward velocity at 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 s and the C7 forward displacement at 0.35 s after the start of the attack was significantly greater in the elite wrestlers compared to that in the non-elite wrestlers (
< 0.05). This disparity in the C7 forward velocity made a positive contribution in forward displacement by 0.08 m at 0.35 s. Thus, during a double-leg attack, elite wrestlers quickly move their upper body forward while rapidly pushing-off the trailing foot reaching the defender's legs in advance of defensive actions, irrespective of the interpersonal distance. These characteristics may improve the success rate of the double-leg attack.
The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term sports injuries, their prevalence, general identification of and consultation about injuries, and the knowledge among Hungarian athletes related ...to injury prevention. A questionnaire was designed to survey athletes regarding these topics. Olympic medal winners, nationally selected athletes, and amateur athletes were surveyed, and altogether 502 completed questionnaires were obtained. The data was analyzed with the Chi-square test for dichotomous variables and the Kruskal-Wallis H-test for questions with the Likert scale to try the statistical power of the hypotheses. The results of our analysis show that athletes suffer injuries regardless of their level of play, and that athletes regard their sports to be moderately dangerous. Most athletes would compete despite the risk of permanent injury; they compete with injuries mostly of their own volition; and they will risk potential injuries or long-term health damage to gain exceptional outcomes. Success is the first and foremost desire of athletes, and the risk of injuries or even long-term health damage does not play an important role in the value system of Hungarian athletes. Sport managers and officers of sport federations must be made aware that the first line of prevention of sport injuries is comprehensive medical consultation with proper medical coverage.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sisällön kuvaus: Hiihtäjä Marjatta Kajosmaa sovittaa Sapporon talviolympialaisten edustustakkia, 20.1.1972.- content description: ...Finnish skier Marjatta Kajosmaa tries on the official team trench coat for 1972 Winter Olympics, on January 20, 1972.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sisällön kuvaus: Hiihtäjä Marjatta Kajosmaa sovittaa Sapporon talviolympialaisten edustustakkia, 20.1.1972.- content description: ...Finnish skier Marjatta Kajosmaa tries on the official team trench coat for 1972 Winter Olympics, on January 20, 1972.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sisällön kuvaus: Hiihtäjä Juha Mieto siisitii kampaustaan Sapporon talviolympialaisten edustusasujen sovitustilaisuudessa, ...20.1.1972.- content description: Finnish Olympic ski team fits on the official outfits for 1972 Winter Olympics, on January 20, 1972. Finnish skier Juha Mieto combing his hair.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sisällön kuvaus: Hiihtäjät Liisa Suihkonen ja Hilkka Kuntola sovittavat Sapporon talviolympialaisten edustusasuja, 20.1.1972.- ...content description: Finnish skiers Liisa Suihkonen and Hilkka Kuntola trying on the official team outfits for 1972 Winter Olympics, on January 20, 1972.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sisällön kuvaus: Hiihtäjät Marjatta Kajosmaa ja Senja Pusula sovittavat Sapporon talviolympialaisten edustusasuja, 20.1.1972.- ...content description: Finnish skiers Marjatta Kajosmaa and Senja Pusula trying on the official team outfits for 1972 Winter Olympics, on January 20, 1972.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sisällön kuvaus: Hiihtäjä Juha Mieto Sapporon talviolympialaisten edustusasujen sovitustilaisuudessa, 20.1.1972.- content ...description: Finnish Olympic ski team fits on the official outfits for 1972 Winter Olympics, on January 20, 1972. Finnish skier Juha Mieto.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- sisällön kuvaus: Hiihtäjä Juha Mieto Sapporon talviolympialaisten edustusasujen sovitustilaisuudessa, 20.1.1972.- content ...description: Finnish Olympic ski team fits on the official outfits for 1972 Winter Olympics, on January 20, 1972. Finnish skier Juha Mieto.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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