The article discusses creativity as an ontological principle as it is presented in scientific-philosophical attitudes of a Nobel Prize winner for chemistry Ilya Prigogine and Werner Heisenberg's ...pupil and a former director of the Max Planck Institute for Physics Hans-Peter Dürr. These attitudes are assessed in the light of Heideggerian notions of Being, subiectum, ousia and time and thus they themselves shed light on the potentiality of Heideggerian mode of thinking on the conception of the creative in the postmodern society and science. Bergsonian notion of creativity is also invoked. It is presented as a philosophical basis of the postmodern techno-scientific creativity and is discussed in terms of Heideggerian ecstatic temporality. The juxtaposition of the notions presented by Henri Bergson and Martin Heidegger provides the clue to compare and assess the science-based attitudes of Prigogine and Dürr.
ARISTOTELOVA "ARETOLOGIJA" Kaluđerović, Željko V.
Godišnjak Filozofskog fakulteta u Novom Sadu,
12/2014, Letnik:
39, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Autor u radu razmatra Aristotelovu aretologiju, a prvo što ispituje je kontroverzno pitanje da li je vrlina nešto što dolazi po prirodi ili je prosto stvar običaja, konvencija i zakona, koji se ...protivno svemu nameću ljudskoj prirodi. Potom se istražuje Stagiraninova klasifikacija vrlina kao i njegovo centralno određenje vrline kao stanja s izborom, koja se nalazi u sredini u odnosu na ljude, određena logosom, i to tako kako bi je odredio razborit čovek. U tekstu se, zatim, analizira dvostruki položaj koji vrlina zauzima u Aristotelovim spisima, odnosno njena sredina s obzirom na ontološku dimenziju i izvrsnost ili krajnost imajući u vidu aksiološku dimenziju. Rezimira se, konačno, i Stagiraninov niz vrlina tj. njihove sredine, kao i korespondentne prekomernosti i nedostaci, koje su u relaciji prema različitim radnjama i osećanjima. Aristotel je, zaključak je autora, delujući na zalasku klasične epohe, unutrašnju diferencijaciju i slojevitost helenskog polisa pokušao da održi na okupu segmentiranim i spekulativnim istraživanjem vrlina, posebno pravednosti, kako bi došao do kohezivnog faktora partikularnih, posebnih i opštih interesa, i kompatibilnosti svih elemenata „etičke”, „ekonomske” i „političke” sfere življenja.
In the article, the social research method of historical ontology developed by Ian Hacking is presented alongside with the overview of the key conceptual sources of this method. My main focus is on ...the discussion of the relation between Hacking’s historical ontology and Foucault’s genealogy. It is shown that despite the fact of Foucault’s significant theoretical influence upon Hacking’s thinking, there are differences between the approaches to history that base the historical ontology and genealogy as the construction field of social reality and its modus of being. It is concluded that in the historical ontology the acknowledgement of “language games”, but not as a constitutive mechanism of social reality as in the case of genealogy “power games”, enabled Hacking to radicalize the antiessentialist concept of this sort of reality as “non-existent entity”, or quasi-reality, i.e. “marked out” as purely linguistic entity. It is also stated that, on the one hand, for Hacking the fundamental “languagability” of social reality has opened up the possibility to identify and explicate constructivist and nihilistic nature of (post)modern ethics, but, on the other hand, it contained “neutralization” and ethical “aestheticization” tendency of the modern social engineering, as an external coercion applied in respect of individuals.
The proliferation of digital technology requires from us to think about images in a new way. We should no longer refer to them only as Greek eikon, that is, reflection or representation, but as ...experiences, events and special kind of appearing. In contemporary digital culture pictorial appearing is the symptom of the most recent turn towards images, the one that is happening after the “original” pictorial turn that was described by W. J. T. Mitchell and Gottfried Boehm almost three decades ago as the epoch-making new kind of relationship between images and language. Today we witness a different kind of urgency: the one that will exemplify the relationship between analogue images and digital images, representations and post-representations, reality and virtuality, semiotics and phenomenology. In this article I will propose a “transitional” theory of the image that takes into account the wide gap between objects and perceptions, that is, between eikon and pure sensuousness. To this end, I will introduce the four basic modalities of pictorial appearing: temporality, transparency, mediality and referentiality.
In the paper we analyse the concept of the “objective enemy” at the ontological and political levels. The hypothesis of the paper is that “objective enemy” is not being, rather it is non-being, and ...therefore one does not exist as an concrete, realistic being. The thesis is set in an ontological framework that being must have unity, immutability and recognizable form that was shown in the ontological premises of Parmenides, Plato, Aristotle and Husserl. At the level of philosophical and political analysis in the theoretical concepts of Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt, it is evident that the “objective enemy” does not exist as a concrete being, but only as being invented by the concept that is not adequate to its own subject. This means the untruth in ontological sense. The work draws attention to the danger of the term of “objective enemy” that does not correspond to the real beings, also evident in the Croatian political discourse in the example of the terms: “Fascist”, “Ustaša”, “Četnik”, “Yugo-communist”, and others.
Razvoj ontologije za internet stvari Jerbić, Marija; Andročec, Darko
Zbornik radova Međimurskog veleučilišta u Čakovcu,
12/2021, Letnik:
12, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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Složenost sustava interneta stvari zahtijeva razumijevanje strukture i semantike
ugrađene u njegovu arhitekturu. Semantičko modeliranje pruža potencijalnu osnovu za
međudjelovanje različitih sustava ...i aplikacija unutar interneta stvari (eng. „Internet of
Things“, IoT). Cilj ovoga rada je objasniti pojam tehnologije interneta stvari te prikazati
arhitekturu, tehnologije, ali i načine korištenja informacija koje generira stvar te tako
predstaviti sveobuhvatni i lagani semantički opisni model za prikaz znanja u IoT domeni, tj.
pripadajuću ontologiju. U radu su prikazana dva načina kreiranja i prikazivanja znanja u
ontologiji. Prvi način je korištenje Protege alata, dok je drugi način bilo korištenje Apache
Jena okvira uz Java programski jezik.
U ovom radu susrećemo se s filozofsko-teološkom refleksijom glazbene prakse u liturgiji. Na tom tragu najprije izlažemo simbolički govor u liturgiji, ne samo radi jasnoće predmeta rasprave, nego i ...važnosti razumijevanja teološkog govora o Bogu u glazbi. Nadalje, promišljamo ontologiju glazbe koja nas uvlači u njezino izvorno razumijevanje kao jezika božanskoga, bremenitog izvornim smislom i značenjem kojeg smo odavno izgubili. Antičko razumijevanje glazbe kao umijeće i dar Muza ocrtava smisao i jezik koji izravno povezuje s božanskim, a kršćanska tradicija pjevanje u liturgiji razumijeva kao sveto pjevanje.
Pokušavajući taj govor prenijeti i u liturgijsku glazbu, otvara se prostor za razmišljanje i pitanja poput: Kakav teološki govor susrećemo onkraj glazbene praske u liturgiji koju danas zatječemo u crkvenim zajednicama? Pitanja koja postavljamo izraz su brige zbog raširene prakse banalnog glazbenog izričaja o Bogu, ako ga uopće ima. Pitanja su također fokusirana na promišljanje kakvu vjeru odgaja takva slika Boga? Stoga se ta pitanja protežu i na razumijevanje glazbe u liturgiji kao kateheze, u kojoj autorica izlaže i nekoliko pastoralnih okosnica za njezino propitkivanje.
Nаčelo monаrhije (samovlašće) Bogа Ocа jest nаjznаčаjnije bogoslovno nаčelo prаvoslаvne trijаdologije. Zаto nije čudno što je ono u središtu bogoslovnog zanimanja vodećeg suvremenog prаvoslаvnog ...teologа mitropolitа Jovаnа Zizjulаsа. Zizjulаs nаčelo monаrhije nаlаzi u stаrim simbolimа vjere i, prvenstveno, u teologiji Kаpаdocijskih otaca. Ovo nаčelo omogućuje kršćаnskoj vjeri dа bude monoteističkа, аli i dа osnuje trojstvenost. Vjerа u jednog Bogа podrаzumijevа vjeru u jednog Bogа Ocа koji rаđа Sinа i izvodi Duhа Svetog. Ono što je bilo od posebne važnosti zа kontekst 4. stoljeća kаo i zа Zizjulаsа jest pitаnje odnosа božаnske biti i ličnosti. Nаglаšаvаnje nаčelа monаrhije podrаzumijevа Bogа Ocа koji slobodno, neuvjetovano, uključujući i božаnsku bit, rаđа jednovremenog Sinа i izvodi Duhа. Zа Zizjulаsа znаčenje nаčelа monаrhije Bogа Ocа nije sаmo teološke prirode – ono je izraženo i u euhаristijskom iskustvu i u etosu Crkve.
Prostorski podatkovni viri, kot so geodetski referenčni sistem, administrativne prostorske enote, naslovi in topografske teme, so v vseh prostorskih podatkovnih zbirkah podlaga za zajem podatkov in ...položajno umeščanje tematskih podatkov v prostoru. Temeljne strategije geodetske stroke za približevanje potrebam uporabnikov geodetskih podatkov v smislu povezovanja zbirk podatkov so v oblikovanju povezovalnega semantičnega referenčnega sistema v semantičnem spletu ali tako imenovanem spletu 3.0. V tem prispevku so prikazane možnosti za razvoj orodja za enostavnejše in bolj smiselno iskanje ter integracijo na spletu objavljenih prostorskih podatkov. Za rešitev težave je v raziskavah mogoče zaslediti predloge o nadgradnji sedanjih GIS kot sistemov z znanjem, predstavljenim v obliki ontologij. Gre torej za novo generacijo tehnologije GIS, ki jo nekateri imenujejo tudi pametni GIS. Za zdaj takšen GIS obstaja predvsem na teoretični, ne pa tudi na praktični ravni. V tem delu je predstavljena metoda za modeliranje ontologije geografskega prostora v podmnožici predikatnega računa prvega reda. Izdelano semantično omrežje prostora omogoča analize obstoječih zbirk podatkov za namene integracije v okolju porazdeljenih informacijskih sistemov. Naša izvedba temelji na metodah strojnega učenja in uporabi programskega jezika prolog ; Spatial data sources, like the geodetic reference system, administrative spatial units, addresses and topographic maps, serve as a base for geo-referencing to the most of dependant thematic spatial databases. The marketing strategy of the surveying profession towards the users of spatial data infrastructure should be in the design of an integrative semantic reference system to be used within the Semantic Web, or so-called Web 3.0. The main motivation for our research was the representation of possibilities to automate tool development for efficient and more sensible approaches to query information within web-published spatial data. In contemporary research there are several solutions offered as upgrades of basic GIS systems with the knowledge presented in the form of ontologies. Therefore, we are faced with the new generation of GIS technology, which has been named "inteligent GIS". In this article, we present method of modelling the semantic reference system as an application of the ontology of geographic space in the subset of first order predicate calculus. Such a semantic network of geographic space represents the foundation for semantic data analyses and data integration in distributed information systems. Our application is based on the methods of machine learning and use of the Prolog programming language.
With the new concept that he invented and promoted - "Life-World" ("Lebenswelt") - Husserl for the first time in the history of philosophy problematized something that had not been seen as a ...particular problem before him. The world, as something primary and self-evident, was simply overlooked as a problem. This is the result of the fact that we forever live in some world, and the world is thus for us always something self-evident. It is thus an unquestioned area full of our many questions and considerations. This is so because all our academic achievements have been made within the Life-World: they receive meaning from it. Husserl's main aim was to understand this self- evidentness, with which we have always been viewing the world's Sein. It is from this position that we establish the existence of the "world as it is", the one which we live in. Thus, all interpretations - whether they are myths, or science, or philosophy - are grounded in the Life-World, and they return and belong explicitly or implicitly into this concrete World. The aim of phenomenology is to interpret and analyse this self-evidentness of the essence of the concrete World, and this is what Husserl tries to do through the idea of one ontology of the Life-World.
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