Review of Ahmet Ersoy, Architecture and the Late Ottoman Historical Imaginary: Reconfiguring the Architectural Past in a Modernizing Empire: Late Ottoman Empire’s concerted effort to forge a modern ...imperial identity to better position itself within the emerging world system was accompanied by a proto-nationalist desire for an authentic cultural past. In the field of art and architecture, the result was a new interest and patriotic pride in the Islamic artistic and architectural heritage of the Empire, along with an intense period of creative engagement with European artistic and scholarly discourses. The book offers a meticulously historicized account of what emerged as a major intellectual effort to construct a genealogy for Ottoman architecture, to make it intelligible in terms of Western architectural theory and above all, to recast it as a historically evolving style capable of revival in the modern world. In doing so, it critically engages with recent scholarly debates on modernity, historicism, romanticism, orientalism, nationalism, revivalism, cosmopolitanism, authenticity, eclecticism and hybridity among other topics. Taking issue with both the received “westernization paradigm” and its companion, the notorious “decline thesis” in terms of which the architecture of Ottoman Tanzimat has long been written, it gives us a more complex, more nuanced, more cosmopolitan and more ambivalent picture. As such, it makes a major contribution to Ottoman/ Turkish studies, to the historiography of Islamic architecture and to cross-cultural studies in general.
Fondée au dix-neuvième siècle par un groupe de financiers de Londres, à l'initiative du gouvernement de Constantinople, afin d'être la banque d'émission de l'Empire ottoman, la Banque ottomane fut le ...produit à la fois de la volonté réformatrice de dirigeants turcs de l'époque et de l'expansion du capitalisme occidental à la recherche de nouveaux territoires à mettre en valeur. Dans l'esprit de ses fondateurs, le nouvel établissement ne bornerait pas ses activités à l'émission monétaire et au financement de l'Etat, il serait aussi une banque commerciale et une banque d'affaires promoteur d'entreprises de toute nature sur le territoire de l'empire. La prospérité de ce dernier conditionnait, en effet, celle de la banque elle-même. Ce triple rôle, la Banque impériale ottomane s'efforça de le remplir tout au long de la vie de l'Empire ottoman. Elle joua un rôle de tout premier plan dans le placement des emprunts turcs sur les marchés occidentaux, celui de Paris avant tout. Son réseau de succursales s'en vint peu à peu à couvrir tout le territoire de l'empire, en Europe, en Asie, en Afrique. Enfin, elle participa activement à la création de diverses sociétés de services publics et de chemin de fer. La banque devait nécessairement subir les contrecoups des crises qui affectèrent l'économie mondiale et des graves événements qui marquèrent les dernières décennies de l'Empire ottoman : guerre russo-turque, révolution jeune-turque, agitation des minorités, guerres balkaniques. La guerre 1914-1918 et ses séquelles en Orient entraînèrent la disparition de l'empire et le bouleversement de la carte politique. Ce fut la fin de la période « impériale » de la Banque ottomane.
Sphinctozoans are the most abundant hypercalcified sponge group within the Late Triassic shallow water carbonates of the Tethyan realm. They have been described from numerous localities of western ...Tethys (European region) and northern Tethys (Pamir Mountains), but relatively little is known about Triassic sphinctozoans and hypercalcified sponges from the southern and eastern areas of the Tethyan realm (Senowbari-Daryan and García-Bellido, 2002). The discovery of new, well-preserved sphinctozoan material is an important addition to knowledge of the sponge fauna of the region. Bernecker (1996) and Senowbari-Daryan et al. (1999) reported on some Late Triassic sphinctozoans and other hypercalcified sponges from Oman in the Arabian Peninsula, but no other data are available from the south-central portion of Tethys along the north margin of Gondwana. Elliott (1963) described a small, chambered organism from the Paleocene of northern Iraq as a sphinctozoan sponge (Calymenospongia kurdistanens), but this has a maximum diameter of 0.72 mm and appears to be an agglutinated foraminifer, not a sponge (Senowbari-Daryan and García-Bellido, 2002). Hajarispongia osmani n. gen. and sp., the first sphinctozoan sponge reported from the United Arab Emirates, is a multibranched sphinctozoan with large areas of exterior wall surface exposed and positioned so that it can be longitudinally sectioned along three branches, cut in oriented sections, and examined externally as well as internally. The combination of characters present in this sponge shows the need for describing an additional genus of sphinctozoan sponges and revising sponges previously placed in the genus Colospongia (Laube, 1865). The classification of hypercalcified sponges proposed by Finks and Rigby (2004) is used for description of sponges in this paper. Morphological terms conform to the terminology presented in Kaesler (2004) and illustrated by Rigby and Potter (1986), of which the following terms are of special importance in the description and study of Hajarispongia: 1) cribribulla—inward facing, blisterlike sieve at the inner end of an exaulos; 2) cribripore—small pores in sievelike cribribulla; and, 3) exaulos—spoutlike tube in sponge wall.
Revising the grey-cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena group) in the light of the Phylogenetic Species Concept reveals more taxonomic diversity than was formerly suspected. The three subspecies ...recognized by Groves (1978) are diagnosably distinct, and are here upgraded to species rank. Most significantly, the mangabeys of Uganda, not recognized as distinct at all in the 1978 revision, are now shown to constitute a fourth species, Lophocebus ugandae (Matschie, 1912), which is apparently confined to Uganda, and as such probably Uganda's only endemic primate
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New internationalist,
11/2010
437
Magazine Article
Osmani Simanca was born in Santa Clara, Cuba, 1960. He graduated in fine arts in the San Alejandro Academy and in the Instituto Superior de Arte in Havana and began his career as a cartoonist at the ...Cuban magazine Dedeté in 1975.
Bu çalışma Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi, The National Archives, The British Newspaper Archive’da bulunan ana kaynakların yanısıra araştırma merkezlerinden elde edilen klasik eserler, Türkçe, İngilizce ...tetkik eserler ve konu ile ilgili bilgilerin bulunduğu bellibaşlı internet sitelerinden istifade edilerek üretilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda elde edilen belgelerin ihtiva ettiği bilgiler bizlere bu çalışmayı vücuda getirmemiz için önemli katkı sağladı. Ayrıntılı bilgi vermeye çalıştığımız konu Fırat ve Dicle havzasında büyük güçlerin hâkimiyet mücadelesi olması hasebiyle daha ziyade bu husus üzerinde yoğunlaştık ve hem Orta Doğu hem de Irak hakkında genel bilgi vermekle yetindik. XIX. yüzyılın ilk yıllarında başlayarak aynı yüzyılın ortalarında yoğunluk kazanan ve I. Dünya Savaşı’na kadar adı geçen coğrafyada devam eden mücadelelerin kazananı elbette Britanya İmparatorluğu idi. Lakin bu başarı İngilizler için kolay elde edilen bir başarı değildi. Bu başarıyı Fransızları, Rusları, Flemenkleri ve Almanları uzun mücadeleler sonunda safdışı ederek elde ettiler. Çalışmamızda bu devletler arasındaki mücadeleler ve bu mücadeleler sonunda İngilizlerin burada egemen hale gelmeleri hususunda bilgi vermeye gayret edeceğiz.
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