Fancy of Prince Bismarck? Sam Hall
Central Europe (Minneapolis, Minn.),
12/2021, Letnik:
3
Journal Article
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In 1885, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck ordered the expulsion of over 30,000 non-naturalized Poles and Jews from Germany’s Prussian provinces. This article explores Bismarck’s strategic aims ...behind his decision to authorize one of the most extreme policies of his career. After examining the current historiographical assertion that the expulsions were a manifestation of antisemitic and anti-Polish clamor within German society, this article investigates Bismarck’s strategic aims for the expulsions within the context of domestic politics and international relations. This article argues that these policies actually aimed to harm Bismarck’s parliamentary critics and foreign powers threatening the Reich that he had constructed.
Ekonomske krize tijekom povijesti često su bile poticaj za zdravstvene i socijalne reforme.
Rezultat toga bilo je uvođenje sustava opće zdravstvene zaštite i socijalne jednakosti u velikom
broju ...zemalja. Ovim radom željeli smo kronološki prikazati velike gospodarske krize
i njihove učinke na zdravstveni i socijalni sustav. Dva najpoznatija modela zdravstvene
zaštite, Bismarckov i Beveridgeov, na kojima se temelji funkcioniranje većine zdravstvenih
sustava u svijetu, upravo su proizišli iz velikih ekonomskih kriza.
Pregled povijesnih događaja i iskustva iz prošlosti mogu biti korisna u predviđanju budućih
zbivanja i učinaka krize na zdravstvene sustave i zdravlje. Analiza prijašnjih kriza, kao i
trenutačne zdravstvene i gospodarske krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19, i
njihova učinka na sustav zdravstva može pomoći u razumijevanju mehanizama djelovanja
i posljedica recesije na zdravlje te određivanju smjernica i promjena kojima bi se umanjile
potencijalne štete budućih kriza. Upravo iz iznesenih povijesnih primjera vidi se da kriza
može biti poticaj promjena koje u svojoj suštini ne moraju biti negativne. O reakciji društva
ovisi koji će biti smjer tih promjena i na samom je društvu da negativne okolnosti koje donosi
recesija transformira u aktivnosti koje donose dobrobit i napredak.
Das Graue Kloster in Berlin hat seine einstige Bedeutung eingebüßt und ist gegenwärtig nur noch ein ‚gebrochener Erinnerungsort‘. Es fristet als Ruinendenkmal an der viel befahrenen Grunerstraße ein ...Schattendasein und die von ihm einst ausgegangene Lebendigkeit und Vielfalt drohen der Vergessenheit anheim zu fallen. Doch mit der anstehenden Neugestaltung des Klosterviertels, dem das Graue Kloster seinen Namen gab, rücken Fragen an die Geschichte des Klosters in den Fokus. Welche Bedeutung hatte das Kloster im Mittelalter? Wie wirkte das Berlinische Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster, das nahezu 400 Jahre innerhalb der einstigen Klostermauern für Bildung und Kultur stand? Auf welche Weise strahlten Kloster und Gymnasium in das umgebende Viertel sowie die Stadt Berlin aus? Wie ist der gegenwärtige interdisziplinäre Forschungsstand zu diesem Areal? Vom landesherrlichen Beginn im Mittelalter bis zum heutigen Schicksal des Klostergeländes und seiner möglichen Zukunft: Die hier versammelten Beiträge bilden ein Panorama, das die herausragende Stellung des Areals in der Berliner Stadtgeschichte einem größeren Publikum erschließt.
In the 1888-1889 Bushiri War, German chancellor Otto von Bismarck seized upon pan-European rhetoric of the 'Arab slave trade' to organise a coalition of Europe's colonial powers to blockade the East ...African coast. The blockade was the most direct international action against the slave trade at the height of antislavery activism but has largely been left out of narratives about 1880s antislavery. Historians working in recent years have complicated the story of European antislavery in the late nineteenth century from an idea of antislavery as merely a façade for imperial expansion. These studies have examined the intersections of humanitarianism and imperialism in the major conferences of the Scramble for Africa. Bismarck tried to replace conference diplomacy with an Anglo-German alliance. But when the highest profile blockade capture was German, supporters of a more aggressive approach in both Germany and the UK overwhelmed the small abolitionist movement and demanded their governments quit working together in the manner of the blockade. The individual national action of the 1890s overtook other methods of humanitarianism in empire. The blockade's failure helps explain why the Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference unfolded as it did and the course of antislavery internationalism after 1890.
Following the surge of the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of George Floyd’s murder on 25 May 2020, memorials in remembrance of individuals implicated in colonialism or slavery have come ...under increasing attack. This article discusses and contextualizes challenges in 2020 to the memorialization of Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898) and Emily Ruete née Salama bint Said (1844–1924) in Hamburg, where the legacy of the German colonial past is particularly palpable. The article argues that proposed solutions—be it the demolition of the city’s main Bismarck monument, its restoration and the erection of a counter-memorial adjacent to it, or the un-naming of a street named after Ruete—potentially erase the complexities and contradictions of the lives of historical actors, are often informed by a desire to quarantine the past, and, just as often, fail to engage with its continuation in the present.
Economic crises throughout history have often given an impetus for health and social reforms leading to the introduction of general healthcare systems and social equality in a large number of ...countries. The aim of this paper is to present the major economic crises and their effect on healthcare and social system chronologically. Bismarck's and Beveridge's model, the two most prominent healthcare models, which emerged primarily as a response to major economic crises, constitute the basis for the functioning of most health care systems in the world. An overview of historical events and experiences may be valuable in predicting future developments and potential effects of the crisis on healthcare systems and health in general. An analysis of past crises as well as current health and economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the healthcare system can facilitate the comprehension of the mechanisms of action and consequences of economic recession. It may also help identify guidelines and changes that might reduce the potential damage caused by future crises. The historical examples presented show that a crisis could trigger changes, which, in theiressence, are not necessarily negative. The response of society as a whole determines the direction of these changes, and it is up to society to transform the negative circumstances brought about by the recession into activities that contribute to general well-being and progress.
“Overcome evil with good” – Romans 12:21 through the eyes of an historianRomans 12:9-21, and especially verse 21, lies at the heart of Christian ethics. Paul’s idea that evil should be overcome with ...good, is often criticised as naïve. In this article, the author – not a theologian, but an historian – analyses five dates, namely 1871, 1919, 1940, 1945 and 1949. These involved especially Germany, France, Britain, America and the Soviet Union. A common feature of the first four is that they all contain evil done by one country to another. They are then followed by vengeance, which include even more severe evil. This escalation resulted in Europe by 1945 being transformed into a smoking ruin. In the period immediately afterwards, several statesmen – including Konrad Adenauer (Germany), Charles de Gaulle and Robert Schuman (France) and president Harry Truman (USA) – realised that the cycle of injustice and vengeance had to be stopped. This resulted in 1949 in (West) Germany being readmitted to the Western democratic international society. These examples prove that Paul was not so naïve when he counselled that vengeance belonged to God.
Das Bismarck-Problem im Spiegel internationaler Biographien Wer war Otto von Bismarck? Für seinen Zeitgenossen Theodor Fontane die »interessanteste Figur«, die er kannte; für einen klugen Beobachter ...unserer Tage wie Henry A. Kissinger »die dominante Figur der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts«. Die Auseinandersetzung mit der faszinierenden, komplizierten, ambivalenten Persönlichkeit des Eisernen Kanzlers ist auch 200 Jahre nach seiner Geburt keineswegs beendet. Wie stark seine Politik und Person mittlerweile in ein neues Licht gerückt worden sind, lässt sich kaum besser ermessen, als an den Bismarck-Biographien der letzten vier Jahrzehnte. Anhand ausgewählter Kapitel dieser Lebensbeschreibungen dokumentiert die vorliegende Anthologie die in Teilen bereits historisch gewordene Debatte und öffnet den Zugang zu der aktuellen Diskussion der internationalen Historiographie über ein zentrales Problem der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte.
Hidden in the political archives of the German Foreign Ministry is a treasure trove of documentation concerning the activities of military intelligence in the 1870s. These secret dossiers not only ...reveal how closely the army's newly formed Bureau of Military Intelligence worked with Bismarck and his diplomats in the first decade of the Empire's existence. They also offer new insights into the operations and achievements of the Germany army's early espionage activities. Up until now, little has been known about these years since all of the relevant archival material was thought to have been destroyed in April 1945. So for the first time, this study is able to tell the closely linked tales of these early German intelligence operations and how they were monitored and used by the diplomats in Berlin. The resulting picture of productive collaboration between soldiers and civilians undermines further the validity of increasingly outdated stereotypes concerning the role of "militarism" in the German Empire.
It is as dubious for Marx's critics to claim that Marxism and socialism are dead as it is for Marxists to claim that Marxism and socialism are historically inevitable. Three developments in world ...capitalism, however, considerably enhance Marxism's standing as a theory of contemporary affairs: capitalism's world ascendancy, as personified in the world market; the waning ideological dominance of neoliberalism; and the retrenchment of one of capitalism's oldest and most effective answers to socialism, the welfare state. When world capitalism and neoliberalism advance and when the shield of the welfare state recedes, capitalism and its contradictions become more transparent. In the past, greater transparency was necessary for greater resistance, which is one reason why Marxism and socialism have an annoying tendency (for Marx's critics) to defy efforts to keep them down.
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