The prompt identification of faults responsible for moderate‐to‐large earthquakes is fundamental for understanding the likelihood of further, potentially damaging events. This is increasingly ...challenging when the activated fault is an offshore buried thrust, where neither coseismic surface ruptures nor GPS/InSAR deformation data are available after an earthquake. We show that on 9 November 2022, an Mw 5.5 earthquake offshore Pesaro ruptured a portion of the buried Northern Apennines thrust front (the Cornelia thrust system CTS). By post‐processing and interpreting the seismic reflection profiles crossing this thrust system, we determined that the activated fault (CTS) is an arcuate 30‐km‐long, NW‐SE striking, SW dipping thrust and that older structures at its footwall possibly influenced its position and geometry. The activation of adjacent segments of the thrust system is a plausible scenario that deserves to be further investigated to understand the full earthquake potential of this offshore seismogenic source.
Plain Language Summary
The Northern Apennines chain is characterized by thrust faults running from the Po Plain to the Adriatic Sea on the northeastern side of peninsular Italy. These thrusts are buried below ≈2,000 m cover of Plio‐Pleistocene deposits. Controversies arose about these thrust faults' activity and earthquake potential based on their hidden geological signature and the scanty seismicity that could be associated with them. The earthquake (magnitude 5.5) that occurred on 9 November 2022, offshore Pesaro revived this argument. In this work, we analyze the geological structure of the crustal volume affected by the seismic sequence, exploiting seismic reflection profiles and well‐log data to identify the earthquake causative fault. Our results demonstrate that the earthquake ruptured a well‐known fault of the Northern Apennines' buried thrust front, supporting that it is indeed active and seismogenic. The size and architecture of this thrust front suggest that it could generate even larger earthquakes (Mw > 6.5). This type of geological study is instrumental to understanding the geometry of earthquake faults, particularly in offshore areas, because they constitute reliable inputs for earthquake hazard models and, when done promptly after an earthquake, provide key elements for other studies on the seismic source and the unfolding of the ongoing seismic sequence.
Key Points
9 November 2022, earthquake consistent with activity of the Cornelia thrust, a fault system running off the central Adriatic coast
The seismic reflection profiles in the area allowed for delineating the thrust and its earthquake potential with a much finer resolution
The properties of the causative fault suggest that the activation of adjacent segments is a plausible scenario that deserves consideration
Soil water erosion on cultivated lands represents a severe threat to soil resources in the world, and especially in Mediterranean areas, due to their topographic, edaphic and climatic conditions. ...Among the cultivated lands, vineyards deserve a particular attention because, aside representing one of the most important crops in terms of income and employment, they also have proven to be the form of agricultural use that causes one of the highest soil losses. Although the topic of soil water erosion on vineyards has been studied, it still raises uncertainties, due to the high variability of procedures for data acquisition, which consists into different scales of analysis and measurement methods. There is still a great gap in knowledge about the effect of triggering factors on soil water erosion and, so far, an effort to quantify this effect on the Mediterranean viticulture has not been made yet. Therefore, this paper review aims to (i) develop a documented database on splash, sheet and rill erosion rates in Mediterranean vineyards, (ii) identify and, if possible, quantify the effect of triggering factors such as topography, soil properties, rainfall characteristics and soil conservation techniques on soil water erosion, and (iii) provide suggestions for a more sustainable viticulture. Although the large variability of data, some general trends between erosion rates and triggering factors could be found, as long as data were categorized according to the same measurement method. However, no general rule upon which to consider one triggering factor always predominant over the others came out. This paper review supports the importance of monitoring soil water erosion by field measurements to better understand the relationship between the factors. However, protocols should be established for standardizing the procedure of collecting data and reporting results to enable data comparison among different study areas.
•Soil water erosion on vineyards is variable due to anthropic and natural factors.•Average erosion rates measured by means of rainfall simulation was 77.6gm−2h−1.•Average soil loss measured by means of runoff plots was 2.4Mgha−1.•Average erosion rate measured by means of erosion method was 9.3Mgha−1yr−1.•General trends between erosion rates and triggering factors can be found.
Obitelj Marcucci iz Pesara posjedovala je reljef koji je prema tradiciji podrijetlom iz Hrvatske, navodno djelo majstora Radovana. Nakon što je 16. lipnja 2016. godine izložen na dražbi u galeriji ...Piasa u Parizu, kupio ga je vlasnik galerije Art studio u Zagrebu. Reljefu je po kompoziciji najbliži prikaz tzv. prota (protomagistra) na portalu sv. Marka u Veneciji. Riječ je o djelu s kraja prve polovine 13. stoljeća, bliskom umjetnosti majstora Radovana.
L’articolo si concentra sul codice di Pesaro della Vita nuova, di cui Donato Pirovano ha recentemente constatato lo smarrimento. Di fronte a tale perdita, non sappiamo se temporanea o permanente, ci ...siamo posti alcuni interrogativi. Con l’obiettivo di rispondere a questa serie di domande, è stata presa in esame una l’edizione pesarese (1829), esemplata sul codice disperso. Al fine di accertare se l’edizione sia considerabile sostitutiva di P, abbiamo svolto una collazione tra questa e il manoscritto, servendoci dei dati del codice tramandatici da Michele Barbi nella sua edizione della Vita Nuova del 1932. Il risultato a cui siamo giunti, al termine del confronto, ha decretato che l’edizione pesarese non può essere ritenuta una copia perfetta di questo prezioso testimone, perché troppe sono le discordanze tra i due testi, ma è pur vero che, data la sua stretta affinità con il codice, ne rimane una ricca e importante testimonianza.This paper addresses the recent disappearance of the Pesaro codex of the Vita nuova, as lately ascertained by Donato Pirovano. Without knowing if this loss is temporary or permanent, some questions concerning its possible recovery through a copy of the original manuscript need to be asked. The object of his study is to answer these questions through the analysis of a potential descriptus. Only the 1829 Pesaro edition, copied from the missing manuscript, seemed to be eligible for this role. To ascertain whether this edition was asuitable substitute for thr Pesaro codex, I collated it with passages copied directly from the manuscript by Michele Barbi in his 1932 edition of the Vita Nuova. Even though the great number of discordances suggests that the former cannot be considered a copy of the original, its value as testimony still holds true.
1 - alcuni disegni e acquarelli che raffigurano scorci e vedute di Pesaro, città natale di Gioacchino Rossini, all'inizio dell'Ottocento
2 - vedute di Urbino e del Palazzo Ducale
3 - due giovani ...escono da un ingresso del Palazzo Ducale e si dirigono verso una lambretta
4 - una targa indica la sede dell' "Istituto di Belle Arti"
5 - la coppia si allontana a bordo della lambretta
6 - vedute di Urbino e del paesaggio circostante
7 - la coppia sulla lambretta percorre le strade della campagna marchigiana
8 - la lambretta lungo la strada panoramica di San Bartolo che domina il mare Adriatico
9 - vedute panoramiche del paesaggio della provincia di Pesaro
10 - la coppia sulla lambretta si ferma per ammirare il mare da un punto panoramico
11 - la coppia riprende il viaggio sul ciclomotore e arriva a Pesaro
12 - i due giovani si fermano e si avviano verso la Rocca Costanza
13 - la facciata di una chiesa
14 - la facciata della cattedrale di Pesaro
15 - inquadrature del portale della cattedrale
16 - inquadrature di alcuni particolari del portale: statue, bassorilievi
17 - vedute delle facciate e dei magnifici portali delle chiese medievali di Sant'Agostino, di San Francesco e di San Domenico
18 - piazza del Popolo a Pesaro
19 - il Palazzo Ducale
20 - il teatro intitolato a Gioacchino Rossini
21 - vedute del vicolo, via del Fallo, dove si incontrarono i genitori di Rossini
22 - la facciata dell'abitazione dove nacque nel 1792 Rossini
23 - facciata della cattedrale di Pesaro, dove Rossini fu battezzato
24 - il balconcino quattrocentesco del palazzetto dove dimorò Rossini
25 - il palazzo sede del "Conservatorio di Musica G. Rossini"
26 - la coppia di giovani entra nel Conservatorio
27 - inquadratura dello spartito musicale di Gioacchino Rossini: "Elisabetta Regina d'Inghilterra"
28 - il busto in marmo bianco di Rossini
29 - la prima spinetta del compositore
30 - un manoscritto musicale di Rossini
31 - pagine del manoscritto
32 - un archetto batte su un paralume in latta di un leggio musicale
33 - un ritratto di Rossini
34 - inquadrature delle numerose medaglie e onorificenze ricevute da Rossini
35 - il manifesto della Società Rossiniana Pesarese che pubblicizza la "solennità musicale" del "Guglielmo Tell" di Rossini
36 - il ritratto di Rossini defunto nel suo letto con un crocefisso sul petto
37 - vedute di Pesaro, del paesaggio circostante e del mare
8 - the lambretta along the panoramic road of San Bartolo that dominates the Adriatic sea
22 - the façade of the dwelling where it was born in 1792 Rossini
16 - framing of some details of the portal: statues, bas-reliefs
17 - views of the façades and magnificent portals of the medieval churches of Saint Augustine, Saint Francis and Saint Dominic
12 - the two young people stop and start towards Rocca Constance
7 - the couple on the lambretta travels the streets of the Marche countryside
6 - views of Urbino and the surrounding landscape.
5 - the couple moves away aboard the lambretta
33 - a portrait of Rossini
31 - pages of the manuscript
30 - a musical manuscript by Rossini
29 - the composer's first spinet
28 - the white marble bust of Rossini
26 - the couple of young people enter the Conservatory
20 - the theater entitled a Gioacchino Rossini
2 - views of Urbino and the ducal Palace
19 - the ducal Palace
18 - Piazza del Popolo in Pesaro
15 - framing of the cathedral portal
14 - the façade of Pesaro Cathedral
13 - the façade of a church
27 - shot of the musical score by Gioacchino Rossini:\ "Elizabeth Queen of England\"
3 - two young people leave an entrance to the ducal palace and head for a lambretta
32 - an headband beats on a tin lampshade of a musical lectern
11 - the couple resumes their journey on the moped and arrives in Pesaro
36 - the portrait of Rossini deceased in his bed with a crucifix on his chest
24 - the four-hundred balcony of the building where Rossini dwelt
25 - the Palace seat of the\ "Conservatory of music G. Rossini\"
1 - some drawings and watercolors that depict glimpses and views of Pesaro, birthplace of Joachim Rossini, at the beginning of the nineteenth century
35 - the manifesto of the Rossinian society of Pesaro that advertises the\ "musical solemnity\" of the\ "Guglielmo tell\" by Rossini
37 - views of Pesaro, the surrounding landscape and the sea.
34 - framing of the numerous medals and honors received by Rossini
10 - the couple on the lambretta stops to admire the sea from a vantage point
9 - panoramic views of the landscape of the province of Pesaro
23 - façade of the cathedral of Pesaro, where Rossini was baptized
4 - a plaque indicates the seat of the\ "Institute of fine arts\"
21 - views of the alley, via del Fallone, where Rossini's parents met
Abstract
In late eighteenth-century Ottoman Epirus (today northwestern Greece), novel and pleasurable objects expressed on a material level the rise of new mentalities. We discuss specifically the ...ceramic trefoil jugs with Greek verses manufactured in Pesaro, Italy, by the firm of Casali and Callegari and its successors. These wine jugs follow a pre-existing formal typology and bear painted decoration; their particularity is that they are also inscribed with verses written in Greek, as they were produced following commissions by merchants from Epirus. This region boasted centers of commerce, wealth, and education of an emerging middle class; the economic power of this rising Greek bourgeoisie was combined with deepening ties with Europe, intellectual growth, and the strengthening of a distinct identity. We argue that these jugs are examples of popular luxury and the commissioning individuals were knowledgeable and proactive consumers exhibiting a growing confidence and indeed a new awareness with political connotations.
During the mid-Cretaceous the Earth was characterized by peculiar climatic and oceanographic features, such as very high temperatures, smooth thermal meridional gradient, long-term rising sea level, ...and formation of oceanic gateways and seaways. At that time widespread deposition of micritic pelagic limestones, generally called chalk, occurred in deep pelagic settings as well as in epeiric seas, both at tropical and at high latitudes. The origin of such extensive chalk deposition in the mid-Cretaceous is a complex and still controversial issue, which involves the interaction of several different factors. In this work we address this topic from the paleoceanographic perspective, by investigating the contribution of major oceanic circulation changes.
We characterize several stratigraphic sections from the Tethys and North Atlantic with litho-, bio-, and carbon isotope stratigraphy. Our data show a change between two different oceanic circulation modes happening in the Late Albian. The first is an unstable mode, with oceanographic conditions fluctuating frequently in response to rapid environmental and climatic changes, such as those driven by orbital forcing. The second mode is more stable, with better connection between the different oceanic basins, a more stable thermocline, more persistent current flow, better defined upwelling and downwelling areas, and a more balanced oceanic carbon reservoir. We propose that under the mid-Cretaceous paleogeographic and paleoclimatic conditions this change in oceanic circulation mode favored the beginning of chalk sedimentation in deep-water settings.
•6 Albian–Cenomanian sections across the Tethys and North Atlantic are presented.•A new Albian δ13C reference curve is established.•Reconstruction of major Albian–Cenomanian deep-water sedimentary changes•New hypothesis for the origin of the Cretaceous chalk facies
After the Montefeltro dynasty's demise in 1508, the Della Rovere family assumed power in the geo-strategically and culturally important Duchy of Urbino. The first dynasty of papal nephews able to ...preserve successfully the territory conferred by their family popes beyond the pontifical term, they became a model for upcoming papal families. As 'new princes', they needed to legitimise their new rank and membership of princely society, and also to establish for their subjects the lawful circumstances of their succession. In 1504, Pope Julius II della Rovere had urged the childless Guidobaldo da Montefeltro to adopt their joint nephew, Francesco Maria della Rovere, son of Guidobaldo's sister, Giovanna da Montefeltro, and the Pope's brother, Giovanni della Rovere. This article reviews the basis of this adoption in Roman and Canon law, and shows how it affected contemporaries' belief in the legitimacy of the Della Rovere's succession and was used prominently in the dynasty's self-fashioning.
Pelagic sections of the Umbria-Marche Basin, in the Northern Apennines (Italy), have provided key geological archives for studying critical intervals of early Paleogene time. In addition to classical ...sections, the Smirra Coring project provides a new record of relatively undisturbed sediments (~120m from 4 overlapping holes) of the upper Scaglia Formation (Paleocene – middle Eocene). Here we present a new high-resolution integrated magneto-bio-stratigraphy of the ~93-m composite section drilled in Smirra Holes 1 and 2. The correlation of the magnetostratigraphy to published geomagnetic polarity timescales (GPTSs; CK95, GPTS2004, GPTS2012), as constrained by calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, reveals that the cores range from Chron C26r to C21n (Thanetian – Lutetian; ~60 to ~46Ma). Sedimentation rates range from ~0.6 to ~1cm/kyr and are comparable with those from coeval sections in the Umbria-Marche Basin. They point to significant discrepancies between existing time scales, which mainly involve the duration of Chron C23 and subchrons within C23n and C24n. Application of the average spectral misfit method on the magnetic susceptibility record reveals a strong signature of orbital forcing and allows an independent estimate of the sedimentation rates. This analysis offers additional insights into solving time scale issues, which mainly concern the duration of Chron C23n. Our results imply a significantly longer duration for C23n.2n, which would accommodate the presence of an extra third 405-kyr eccentricity related cycle in C23n. The Smirra record thus provides new constraints on the early Paleogene time scale, a key record for further cyclostratigraphic and astrochronological research, and a reference framework for paleo-climatic and -oceanographic studies.
•The integrated stratigraphy of a lower Paleogene section is presented.•The magneto-biostratigraphy is calibrated to Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scales.•A calcareous nannofossil biochronology has been improved.•Cyclostratigraphy supports an independent assessment of sedimentation rates.•Implications for geologic time scale developments are discussed.
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