The Macau Chong Sai Pharmacy has a long history and rich historical materials. It is not only a cultural relic of Sun Yat-sen’s old democratic revolution in Macau, but also the former residence of ...the new democratic general He Chang in Macau. It is also the site of the Sino-Western maritime trade transit terminal. Triple cultural relic value.
The 2021-22 Professional Affairs Committee was charged to (1) Develop a resource guide for member institutions and faculty regarding payment for the practice-related activities of pharmacy faculty; ...(2) Nominate at least one person for an elected AACP or Council Office; and (3) Consider ways that AACP can improve its financial health. This report describes the methodology and content utilized for the development of an online resource guide for member institutions, faculty, and practice sites regarding the integration of clinical faculties’ patient care services into patient care settings, including models for payment and value-based payment structures that can be utilized to support the practice-related activities of faculty. The committee offers a revision to a current association policy statement, a proposed policy statement as well as recommendations to AACP and suggestions to colleges and schools of pharmacy pertaining to the committee charges.
The scope of the Special Issue is research and reviews on evaluations of current practice, innovations in medication management, developments in therapeutics, and pharmaceutical science research that ...informs and improves practice and administration, as well as the social and administrative pharmacy. We will mainly feature original research, reviews, short reports, and clinical studies, but also case reports, descriptive/how-to, and commentary submissions for consideration.
Studies have found that expanded pharmacy technician roles can help “free up” pharmacist time, leading to role optimization. However, these studies and the positions taken by many are quite ...pharmacist-centric. We seem to have underestimated the importance of support staff in pharmacy operations. If research demonstrates that technicians can perform a function safely and effectively, that alone should compel the function’s allowance in practice. Freeing up pharmacist time for higher-order care is a positive corollary to technician advancement, but it need not be a precondition for it.
Pharmacy departments and schools of pharmacy have long held professional affiliations. However, the success of each entity is often not interdependent and aligned. In 2010, our institutions found ...ourselves in a position where the complementary motivations of each aligned to support a more meaningful and committed engagement, leading to the development of the Partnership in Patient Care. The impact of the partnership was evaluated 7 years postimplementation, and both the successes realized and the lessons learned are described.
The partnership provided many advantages to our pharmacy department and the school of pharmacy. This initial iteration of the partnership was a strong proof of concept that an intentional approach to the relationship between a school of pharmacy and a pharmacy department can lead to substantive improvements in a wide array of meaningful outcomes. We experienced an increase in the number of student rotation months completed, growth in the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists-accredited residency programs, and enhanced clinical services. However, the partnership was not without challenges. For instance, lack of a formalized tracking method made certain outcomes difficult to track.
The purposeful establishment of the Partnership in Patient Care, built on the needs of a school of pharmacy and an academic medical center pharmacy department, allowed our institutions to develop an intertwined mission and vision. Over the initial years of the partnership, many successes were realized and lessons were learned. Both the successes and the challenges are serving as the foundation for future iterations of the partnership.
2SPD-027 Economic impact of drug shortages Aparicio Carreño, C; Labeaga Beramendi, Y; Rodriguez, B ...
European journal of hospital pharmacy. Science and practice,
03/2020, Letnik:
27, Številka:
Suppl 1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Background and importanceDrug shortages is an international problem, which is increasingly frequent, and has a huge impact on healthcare systems.Aim and objectivesTo quantify the economic ...implications of drug shortages in acute care hospitals.Material and methodsA retrospective descriptive study was conducted from January 2018 to March 2019. Shortages were defined as shortcomings in the supply of a medicinal product that affected the patient’s ability to access the required treatment in due time. Costs from management of drug shortages were calculated as the difference between the acquisition cost of the original medicine immediately prior to its start and the alternative drug (bought from compounding pharmacies when raw material was available or temporarily imported when it was still available in other countries in the EU).ResultsDuring the study period, 11 medicines were involved in drug shortages (table 1).Abstract 2SPD-027 Table 1Drugs involved in shortages Drug Total cost (€) Piperacillin/tazobactam injection 4/0.5 g 47 590.40 Alprostadil injection 20 µg 15 815.80 Dexchlorpheniramine injection 5 mg 10 632.80 BCG strain Tice 2–8 × 108 UFC intravesical 5427.29 Phytomenadione injection 10 mg 5335.50 Magnesium sulphate injection 1.5 g 2828.40 Clorazepate dipotassium injection 20 mg 1393.60 Metoclopramide injection 10 mg 1248.00 Sodium Chloride injection 20% 10 mL 650.00 Doxycycline injection 100 mg 568.50 Isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin 50/300/120 mg tablets 60.84 There were 19 new suppliers: 5 were compounding pharmacies and 14 were international manufacturers. An alternative drug with the same active substance was imported in all cases but 1, dexchlorpheniramine injection 5 mg, which was switched to an equivalent drug (chlorpheniramine injection 10 mg).All alternatives caused an increase in the price of acquisition compared with the original medicine, except for two (intravesical BCG and one of the alprostadil suppliers), where the price remained unaltered. The average increase in price was 4.28€ per unit (range 0–25€) which represented an average increase of 409.2%.Total cost of purchases due to shortages was 91 551.13€ (79% accounting for the acquisition of three drugs: alprostadil, chlorpheniramine and piperacillin/tazobactam). This resulted in an increase of 67 607.19€ on the hypothetical price calculated from regular suppliers.Conclusion and relevanceThe results suggest that shortages significantly increase the acquisition cost of pharmaceuticals in hospitals. Strategies to minimise the effects of drug shortages should be implemented.References and/or acknowledgementsNo conflict of interest.
Background and importancePaediatric pharmacy often faces a lack of commercially available medicines suitable or even licensed for use in children. Children cannot be regarded as small adults or as a ...homogeneous group in themselves. As a consequence, paediatric medicines should be appropriately designed for the target age group. Compounding is the main solution to this problem, so the compounding area becomes essential in this type of centre. Given the high number of requests for these formulations, including the most commonly used compounded preparations in the pharmacy formulary as standard preparations (SP) is a possible solution.Aim and objectivesTo highlight the importance of compounding for obtaining child friendly dosage forms and formulations in a referral paediatric hospital.Material and methodsAll SP included in the pharmacy formulary were identified and research was conducted to ensure that a suitable or licensed commercial product for paediatric patients was unavailable nationally and internationally. Using our compounding software, we quantified all SP made in 2017 due to the lack of a commercially available product and classified these according to their route of administration.ResultsOur formulary included 99 SP compounded in our pharmacy department (table 1). Oral liquid compounded formulations (52) represented 35% of the total oral liquid drugs available in our formulary (148).Abstract 3PC-050 Table 1 Compounding form Different active substances formulated Prepared units per year Oral liquid 52 8300 Solid 16 25000 Parenteral administration 12 1879 Ocular topical 5 524 Topical 13 1535 Rectal 1 22 Table 2 describes the reasons for compounding our 99 SP.Abstract 3PC-050 Table 2 Commercially available with no child friendly formulation (dosage forms, administration volume, dosage form size) Inappropriate excipient for children Available for a different treatment indication For stability/sterility requirements 81 2 3 13 Conclusion and relevanceThe development of age appropriate and acceptable paediatric dosage forms is a complex and challenging process, as it is necessary to consider children´s acceptability and preferences for different formulations as well as the use of adequate excipients in this population. In our hospital, about one-third of the oral liquid preparations, the most adequate in paediatrics, are SP.References and/or acknowledgementsNo conflict of interest.
Background and importanceCodeine mixed with calcium salts filled into capsules is used to treat chronic diarrhoea in transplant, oncological and geriatric patients, and in patients with irritable ...bowel disease. At least 11 500 hard capsules are regularly prepared from a manually blended powder mixture in the hospital pharmacy per month. Turbula 2F2 blender has been introduced into the hospital pharmacy to optimise the mixing process.Aim and objectivesTo establish optimal blending time and speed for mixing of codeine with the Turbula 2F2 blender and to verify homogeneity by determining the amount of codeine in the samples, a validated spectrophotometric analytical method was used.Material and methodsThe total amount of prepared mixture was 245.7 g containing 4.5 g of codeine phosphate (1.83%). The optimal rotation speed of Turbula was established as 49 rounds per min (RPM) based on visual analysis with colourant instead of codeine.A 2 litre polyethylene container for homogenisation was used. Calcium carbonate was premixed with colloidal silica, and codeine and tricalcium phosphate added. Five samples for analysis were taken from different places in the container after 5, 10, 15 and 20 min of mixing. Expression of relative standard deviation (RSD) was used to evaluate the homogeneity of codeine in the mixture.ResultsThe results are summarised in table 1.Abstract 3PC-039 Table 1 Time of mixing at 49 RPM Sample No Content of codeine (%) RSD 5 min 1 1.84 2.47 2 1.79 3 1.77 4 1.79 5 1.89 10 min 6 1.75 1.91 7 1.72 8 1.74 9 1.72 10 1.81 15 min 11 1.59 3.82 12 1.73 13 1.76 14 1.62 15 1.64 20 min 16 1.58 5.47 17 1.69 18 1.74 19 1.49 20 1.67 Conclusion and relevanceBased on the results, the optimal time of 10 min was estimated for mixing of the codeine mixture at 49 RPM. The use of the Turbula 2F2 mixer was beneficial in reducing pharmacy staff exposure to powder particles of hazardous drugs and in reducing the risk of cross contamination in the laboratory.References and/or acknowledgementsNo conflict of interest.
One of the final tasks for pharmacy graduates to enter practice is passing the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX). Given the recent national declines in pass rates, programs are ...making significant investments of time and money in NAPLEX preparation. The objective is to characterize the structure and content of required NAPLEX preparation courses.
A survey on NAPLEX preparation practices was developed and distributed to all Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education-accredited pharmacy schools. NAPLEX preparation course syllabi were also collected as part of this survey. Syllabus information was summarized into 4 elements: course structure, content, resources, and assessment strategies.
Of 144 colleges/schools of pharmacy, 100 responded to the survey, 87 reported having a NAPLEX preparation program, and 47 reported having a NAPLEX preparation course. Twenty syllabi were collected. Most courses (14) were longitudinal through the Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences year, 16 were credit-bearing, and 19 included a vendor NAPLEX preparatory product. Fourteen courses were hybrid delivery, and 12 focused on licensure preparation and included test-taking strategies, calculations practice, case-based discussions, etc. All 20 courses reported using unproctored timed quizzes and practice examinations, half conducted proctored timed assessments, and 11 included written reflections and/or continuous professional development activities. Most courses were pass/fail (15), and high stakes (16) were defined by delayed or withheld graduation as a consequence for failure. Only 3 of 20 NAPLEX preparation courses were mapped to NAPLEX competencies.
Although required NAPLEX preparation courses focus on assessments, the content is infrequently mapped to NAPLEX competencies. This project provides some information on how schools might create their own NAPLEX preparatory courses.
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