The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented situation for every nation and society. Although initially it was a health issue it caused damage in almost every area of life. The consequences on a ...personal and social level are still to be investigated. Alongside identifying the destructive effect of the pandemic, both scientists and the authorities need to continue working on measures to support people, businesses, and nations as a whole to revive from the pandemic negative results. The national economy’s revival is to a high extent dependent on the entrepreneurial initiative of the society. The pandemic affected the entrepreneurs not only in financial aspects, but also undermined the confidence of people and their readiness to risk and involve in entrepreneurial initiatives. Thus, the purpose of the current study is to identify the challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurial initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the sake of achieving the objective, the authors conducted a representative survey across the enterprises in Plovdiv. Thus, the materials used are our own data, collected from February 22 to March 28, 2022. The methods implemented are statistical analysis, using IBM SPSS Statistics, including frequencies, crosstabs, and associations. The results show that the personal characteristics of the entrepreneurs are more significant in times of crisis rather than state support. Thus, we can conclude that the strong points and the challenges to the entrepreneurs in Bulgaria are related to their personal characteristics, which means that the development of entrepreneurial culture and skills need to be developed across society from early childhood.
There is insufficient data on tardigrades’ distribution, diversity and density. Moss and lichen samples were collected from four different substrates – ground, walls, rocks and trees. Specimens from ...genus Echiniscus Schultze, 1840, genus Hypsibius Ehrenberg, 1848, genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840, genus Paramacrobitous Guidetti, Schill, Bertolani, Dandekar & Wolf, 2009, genus Ramazzottius Binda & Pilato, 1986 and family Macrobiotidae Thulin, 1928 were found.
In the recent years there is an increase of road traffic and with it – an increase in the number of road accidents. Parallel to that there is an increase in the number of women injured in road ...accidents. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present work is to study the dynamics of female mortality in road crashes, the social image and role of victims in road accidents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the subject of the survey was the women, who died in traffic accidents in Plovdiv region for the period between 2000 and 2014, registered and autopsied at the department of Forensic Medicine at the St. George University Multi-Profile Hospital for Active Treatment in Plovdiv. For processing of the results the historical, statistical and graphical analysis were used. RESULTS: The research includes 323 women, who died in road accidents in Plovdiv region between 2000 and 2014. The dynamics of female mortality during the period is wavy and irregular with a tendency to decrease in recent years. 72,85±4,93% of them live in the cities of Plovdiv region and 22,68±4,65% in the villages. Most of the deceased women are over 65 years old /33,23±5,23%/ and young people aged 19 to 44 /31,63±5,16%/. The majority of the deceased women are pedestrians (43.45 ± 5.49%) and passengers in the motor vehicles (41.85 ± 5.47%). CONCLUSION: Traffic accidents continue to be a serious threat to the lives of older women, pedestrians and traveling young women.
PLACE NAMES MENTİONED İN VECDÎ’S POETS Ntilek Osman
Trakya Üniversitesi sosyal bilimler dergisi,
08/2019, Letnik:
21, Številka:
Supplement
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The Ottomans brought very important changes in art as other areas in the Balkans since they began to rule from the 14th century onwards. The revival in art that occurred during the Ottoman era ...happened in literature and such phenomenon played important role in the extending of classical Turkish literature. Particularly, cities that became cultural centres paved the way for emerging huge number of poets. As Skopje, Thessaloniki, Sofia, Bitola and Belgrade appeared as cultural centres of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, Serres, Plovdiv and Vardar Yenicesi (Yenice-i Vardar) also were important places for literature and became home for many poets. The Poet Tazkiras shows that in Plovdiv, including Vecdî 23 poets lived. This study will show the importance of Plovdiv in classical Turkish literature in the Balkans will be looked. In this context, the literature life of Abdurrahman and his poets/works will be discussed. Then, the reasons of why such cities were mentioned in his poets would be analysed.
This paper presents an evaluation of the indoor radon spatial variation between and within school buildings. Radon measurements were carried out in 331 rooms of 16 school buildings in 5 ...municipalities of Plovdiv province, Bulgaria. They were performed with CR-39 nuclear track detectors exposed over an 8-month period from September 2018 to April 2019. The arithmetic and geometric means together with corresponding standard deviation and geometric standard deviations of the indoor radon concentration were 160 ± 175 Bq/m3 and 108 */2.35 Bq/m3, respectively. The best data fit was achieved with a Weibull 3-parameter function (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, p = 0.2916). The effect of the school location and various building characteristics on the indoor radon concentration distribution within a province was investigated. The analyses showed that the factor “year of building construction”, which is in general related with the technical condition of the building, imposed the highest impact on the indoor radon concentration difference between schools. The vertical and horizontal components of the indoor radon spatial variability within a school were analysed as well. The results concerning the radon variation within schools could be used to optimize future radon school surveys. In this paper, quality control for indoor radon measurement procedures and radon health impact assessments was included.
•The radon concentration spatial distribution in school buildings according to different factors was assessed.•Quality control verification in this study was performed with duplicate detectors, which is a good practice to ensure high-quality results.•The analysis of the results revealed significant differences in CRn between and within the school buildings.•The analysis of the CV,% and GSD for the classroom by classroom and office by office variation indicated that they were similar on the ground floor and first floor.•The vertical room by room variations in CRn were much less pronounced than the horizontal variations, which were much more notable among the school buildings than within the buildings themselves.
The paper deals with the impacts of hosting the European Capital of Culture (ECOC) by the Bulgarian city of Plovdiv in 2019 through the lens of the local community. Based on a survey conducted in ...2021 with 444 residents, the perceived effects of the initiative were discussed in four domains: (1) Cultural, (2) Economic, (3) Social, and (4) Urban environment and atmosphere. Descriptive statistics techniques and analysis of variance were applied to interpret the data and outline the differences in the perceptions affected by respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics. The findings indicate that in general, the ECOC impacts are perceived rather positively, although the locals are hesitant if benefits outweigh the costs incurred. None of the impacts is perceived as high by the survey participants, with mean values of agreement hardly reaching four on a 5-grade scale. The most recognized positive effects refer to the city’s cultural life and the opportunities for local artists to perform; next come benefits for tourism development and promotion along with improvements in urban environment and infrastructure resulting from the ECOC implementation. Less clearly perceived are negative effects such as the price rise and the preference given to tourists over the locals. Significant differences in perceptions are determined by respondents’ education, personal involvement in the ECOC organization, age, gender, and sphere of professional activity. However, such differences are found in roughly half of all 22 statements under study, meaning that certain perceptions depend on the socio-demographic profile while others do not.
The Apuseni‐Banat‐Timok‐Srednogorie Late Cretaceous magmatic arc in the Carpathian‐Balkan orogen formed on the European margin during closure of the Neotethys Ocean. It was subsequently deformed into ...a complex orocline by continental collisions. The Cu‐Au mineralized arc consists of geologically distinct segments: the Apuseni, Banat, Timok, Panagyurishte, and Eastern Srednogorie segments. New U‐Pb zircon ages and geochemical whole rock data for the Banat and Apuseni segments are combined with previously published data to reconstruct the original arc geometry and better constrain its tectonic evolution. Trace element and isotopic signatures of the arc magmas indicate a subduction‐enriched source in all segments and variable contamination by continental crust. The magmatic arc was active for 25 Myr (~92–67 Ma). Across‐arc age trends of progressively younger ages toward the inferred paleo‐trench indicate gradual steepening of the subducting slab away from the upper plate European margin. This leads to asthenospheric corner flow in the overriding plate, which is recorded by decreasing 87Sr/86Sr (0.70577 to 0.70373) and increasing 143Nd/144Nd (0.51234 to 0.51264) ratios over time in some segments. The close spatial relationship between arc magmatism, large‐scale shear zones, and related strike‐slip sedimentary basins in the Timok and Pangyurishte segments indicates mild transtension in these central segments of the restored arc. In contrast, the Eastern Srednogorie segment underwent strong orthogonal intraarc extension. Segmental distribution of tectonic stress may account for the concentration of rich porphyry Cu deposits in the transtensional segments, where lower crustal magma storage and fractionation favored the evolution of volatile‐rich magmas.
Key Points
Major magmatic arc concealed by postsubduction continental collision
Europe's active margin reconstructed using magma chemistry and geochronology
Distribution of magmatic‐hydrothermal ore deposits controlled by stress state
This paper presents a concept for a serious game based on an augmented reality representation of a mural artwork located in the National Library
“Ivan Vazov” in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The mural features ...the renowned Bulgarian author Ivan Vazov in the center, surrounded by characters from his literary works.
By using a head-mounted display in front of the mural, the players would see movement of the characters and will be able to interact with them in a gamified augmented reality environment. The serious game proposed in this paper offers a solution to the engagement of players with literature and textual heritage within a broader cultural context.
The Balkan region has been under the influence of various cultures and civilisations during its history. The last chain of this process is the Ottoman culture and its influence. The Balkans had very ...different cultural accumulations during the period when the Ottomans were dominant. Plovdiv, which is an important centre of this region, has an appearance highly reflecting this influence. In this study, we have tried to tackle briefly the religious, social and cultural structures in Plovdiv. However, the destruction and loss in this region during the post-Ottoman era are too enormous to write here. As a sample for this situation, we focused on the Mawlawikhâna which is located in Plovdiv and has been alienated from its mission. In the study supported with the photos, we tried to lay bare the process which the Mawlawikhana has undergone and its current condition.
Among natural disasters, earthquakes dominate with regard to their social and economic effects on human life and the urban environment. Appropriate risk reduction strategies can be developed only ...with a better understanding of seismic hazards as well as the population and building growth rates in the corresponding region. In the present study, deterministic and probabilistic earthquake (seismic) ground-motion scenarios are developed and presented for one of the most earthquake-prone cities in Bulgaria, the city of Plovdiv. We apply a method for integrating the spatial distribution of seismic hazards with human exposure to assess hazard impacts. Earthquake scenarios and social vulnerability metrics are combined in a geographic information system (GIS) to identify the spatial vulnerability of the exposed population to seismic risk and the locations for targeting mitigation actions in areas with high exposure and vulnerability levels. The results of our study show that most of the territory of the city is classified at the highest seismic hazard level: PGA 0.2. High and major levels were estimated for the population exposure index (PEI) for nearly 60% of the residential buildings in the city (inhabited by approximately 96% of the Plovdiv population). The spatial distribution of the results is available in GIS format and can be used in scientific and practical applications to reduce the risk and consequences of possible strong earthquakes in future.
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