Cruise passengers’ expenditures Marksel, Maršenka; Tominc, Polona; Božičnik, Stane
Tourism economics : the business and finance of tourism and recreation,
06/2017, Letnik:
23, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Cruise passengers’ expenditures in the city ports are an important economic incentive for local tourism and related industry sectors. A complex evaluation of the volume and structure of cruise ...passengers’ expenditures contributes to further development of the tourism and travel-related services, generates an increase of cruise passengers’ expenditures and enriches the cruise tourist industry as a whole. This theoretically and practically studied topic is of crucial importance for the further adequate development of the cruise port tourist services supply, which serves to the overall satisfaction of the cruise passengers. This article focuses on cruise passengers’ expenditures in the Port of Koper. The results highlight that gender, nationality, experience regarding the transport services and motives for disembark have statistically significant effect on cruise passenger expenditures.
Traditionally, ports have been regarded as hubs responsible for the reception of ships and passengers, but nowadays they have a much wider economic function, being clusters of various activities ...directly or indirectly linked to maritime transportation and seaborne trade, among which container traffic is the most important segment. The Port of Rijeka as the largest Croatian cargo port, positioned in the North Adriatic Sea, has exceptional but not fully exploited opportunities for further economic development of importance not just for the port and the city but for the Republic of Croatia as well. In addition, its geostrategic position makes it an important international port for Central and South Eastern European countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate and identify the current position of the Port of Rijeka (hereinafter Rijeka) in relation to the container business and, using Benchmarking as the research method, to analyse the established five main factors that have to be taken into consideration where its efficiency is compared to the statistically proven “best container port” in the region – the Port of Koper (hereinafter Koper). The results show significant competitive advantages of the Port of Koper almost in any of the analysed factors. Therefore, recommendations are given for further actions and improvement according to the natural advantages that Rijeka has to utilize in order to enhance its competitiveness and overall performance.
The overall idea and research interest related with the development of sustainable port infrastructure evolved around the core requirements of continuous reduction of negative environmental impacts ...without jeopardising economic growth. The growth of trade activities and need for competitiveness on the global market are forcing ports around the world to systematically and continuously evaluate all possibilities for the optimisation and related costs reduction. On the implementation level, the greatest challenge is how to empower workers, who operate machines and work on the shop floor, to achieve enduring performance improvements. Presented research work provides a methodological approach for finding realistic solutions to the problem of the future development challenges of seaports. The case study shown in this research represents a practical application of the green port concept with the emphasis on the overall energy efficiency improvement based on testing, deployment and demonstration of energy efficient solutions. Additional emphasis was placed on the state-of-the-art technologies and developing pilot initiatives based on modern energy solutions designed to improve efficiency in fuel consumption and emissions reduction in rubber tired gantry cranes.
Various activities such as dredging and pier lengthening have made it possible for ports to receive larger container vessels, though in many cases this has made berthing the vessels more difficult, ...necessitating advanced ranging and docking systems. For example, in Koper, Slovenia, navigation through a narrow and bending channel has been made safer through the implementation of a laser-ranging system; a laser docking system is in place so that once the ship is positioning alongside where, say, inadequate fenders await and ship-to-shore (STS) cranes are near, special care is required and parameters such as precise vessel position, transversal speed, and vessel-approaching angle are of great importance. This paper will present the layout of the system and the first results related to the observed docking of large container vessels calling at the Port of Koper.
Heavy metal abundance and potential environmental risks are reported for surface sediments (n = 21) from the Port of Koper area, Republic of Slovenia. The enrichment factor (EF) indicates minor ...enrichment in arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), and zinc (Zn), moderately to severely enriched with nickel (Ni). The trace metal chemistries, in the context of sediment quality guidelines (SQG), imply adverse threshold effect concentrations (TEC) and probable effect concentrations (PEC), for Ni only. Sediment sequential leaching experiments demonstrated that the majority of heavy metals were of natural lithogenic origin and low bioavailability. The heavy metals’ potential for “Risk Assessment Code” values exhibited no or low anthropogenic environmental burden, with the exception of Mo.
The monitoring of air-pollution constituents like particulate matter (PM10) and black carbon (BC) can provide information about air quality and the dynamics of emissions. Air quality depends on ...natural and anthropogenic sources of emissions as well as the weather conditions. For a one-year period the diurnal concentrations of PM10 and BC in the Port of Koper were analysed by clustering days into similar groups according to the similarity of the BC and PM10 hourly derived day-profiles without any prior assumptions about working and non-working days, weather conditions or hot and cold seasons. The analysis was performed by using k-means clustering with the squared Euclidean distance as the similarity measure. The analysis showed that 10 clusters in the BC case produced 3 clusters with just one member day and 7 clusters that encompasses more than one day with similar BC profiles. Similar results were found in the PM10 case, where one cluster has a single-member day, while 7 clusters contain several member days. The clustering analysis revealed that the clusters with less pronounced bimodal patterns and low hourly and average daily concentrations for both types of measurements include the most days in the one-year analysis. A typical day profile of the BC measurements includes a bimodal pattern with morning and evening peaks, while the PM10 measurements reveal a less pronounced bimodality. There are also clusters with single-peak day-profiles. The BC data in such cases exhibit morning peaks, while the PM10 data consist of noon or afternoon single peaks. Single pronounced peaks can be explained by appropriate cluster wind speed profiles. The analysis also revealed some special day-profiles. The BC cluster with a high midnight peak at 30/04/2010 and the PM10 cluster with the highest observed concentration of PM10 at 01/05/2010 (208.0 μg m−3) coincide with 1 May, which is a national holiday in Slovenia and has very strong tradition of bonfire parties. The clustering of the diurnal concentration showed that various different day-profiles are presented in a cold period, while this is not the case for the hot season. Additional analysis of ship traffic and rain fall data showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the ship gross (bruto) registered tonnage (BRT) values in the case of BC and PM10 clusters, but that there is statistically significant differences between the rain fall in the BC and PM10 clusters. The wind-rose for clusters which included most days in the sampling period indicating that emitted PM10 and BC from Port of Koper were manly transported in the west direction over the sea and in the east direction, where there is in no populated area. Presented analysis showed that both BC and PM10 concentrations were driven by rain intensity and wind speed.
► The BC/PM10 data analysis was performed using k-means clustering. ► Ten-BC and eight-PM10 different typical day-profiles occurred during the one-year. ► The clusters with low daily concentrations include the most days. ► Various different clusters are present in a cold period, but not in the hot season. ► BC pattern reveal a more-pronounced bimodality than PM10 pattern.
The article is focused on the role of a maritime automobile terminal in finished vehicle logistics (FVL). Different drivers that force the management of a maritime automobile terminal to find new ...solutions in accommodating the increased flows of vehicles are described. The analysis of the maritime automobile terminal at Koper indicates the need to further expand the storage area and its delivery zone to support regular clients from the automotive industry. The main research goal of the paper is to elaborate and describe the model where an external storage platform under port’s operation might be used. On this basis the analysis of current inbound and outbound flows is elaborated. The model of Extended Gate Concept (EGC) for a maritime automobile terminal is presented as an option to serve increased outgoing flows of finished vehicles. With proper infrastructure development, established inland connections and secured information flow the presented EGC model can be adopted at the observed maritime automobile terminal. Nevertheless, obstacles hindering EGC implementation play a crucial role in the model implantation, thus the final consent should be given by the relevant stakeholders in FVL.
Areas around seaports are prone to environmental damage. In the port of Koper, Slovenia hematite was transhipped during a strong wind. The broader area was accidentally covered with hematite dust. ...Since the soils had already been geochemically mapped, we repeated the sampling to compare the geochemical composition of the topsoil. No soil contamination was established. The enrichment factors show depletion of majority of elements. According to the distances from the dust source, SiO2, Na2O and Cr have decreasing, and Fe2O3 increasing trends. The SiO2 and Cr content correspond to the concentration of quartz rich sand, and the dissolution of carbonate closer to the sea. Co and Ni are probably bound to the clay minerals. Cu, Pb, and Zn could have some anthropogenic contribution.
For the Port of Koper the Central and Eastern European market is very important. The Port of Koper is especially interesting for goods flows relating to the exchange of goods on the East – West route ...(and vice versa) and bound for the EU, in particular to the catchment area of the North Adriatic ports.The year 2009 was a difficult year for business, especially due to the uncertain international economic situation. In the first nine months of 2010, 16% more goods were handled in the Port of Koper than in the same period in 2009. The container transport especially exploded in tons (45% increase) as well as in container units (40% increase). Within this period they handled 355,000 TEUs (new record) in the container terminal (214,000 TEUs in the same period on the seventh pier in Trieste).The growth of container transport in the Port of Koper as well as the beginning of construction on the new container terminal have made the reconstruction and extension of the current container terminal an absolute priority. The extension is in line with the estimated growth of traffic as well as with the exploitation of present and future terminal capacities.This paper aims to present and analyse: (I) supply chains of the flow of containerised goods through the Port of Koper to/from the countries of Central and Eastern Europe; (II) the changes which enable this boom, current state and strategies to handle even more containers in the future; (iii) market potential, current and future investments in new capacities.
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