This study investigates the impact of various financial arrangements on the investment behavior of the private firm in PPP (Public-Private Partnership) projects. The results manifest that: first, the ...private firm will invest in the project earlier under long-term debt financing than under short-term debt financing or all equity financing; second, the investment boundary of the private sector decreasing with the probability of obtaining long-term debt financing under short-term debt financing, while increasing with the probability of obtaining long-term debt financing under long-term debt financing; third, the optimal debt level under short-term debt financing displays a U-shaped relationship with the refinancing risk probability; fourth, under short-term debt financing, the difference in the optimal capital structure between projects with different volatility of cash flow is larger when the refinancing risk probability is lower; and fifth, the private firm may exit the project earlier under short-term debt financing than under long-term debt financing. These results can help us to understand the investment behavior of the private firm under different financial arrangements.
Objective
This paper investigates how the public–private partnership (PPP) functions in the care provision for older people in Guangdong, China, particularly for ageing‐in‐place programs.
Methods
...Three cities with diversified PPP forms of care provision for older people were chosen as case studies. Focus groups were conducted in these cities for the local authorities and care homes involved in the partnerships.
Results
Three forms of PPP, including private sector involvement for the ownership, construction, and operation of the facilities delivering care services, were identified. The public–private co‐constructed and privately run model with greater private sector involvement may lead to higher quality care in one specific program. The publicly constructed and privately run program is widely used in many cities, advancing the expansion of ageing‐in‐place programs in more communities. These PPPs reflect flexible and practical collaboration between the public and private sectors at the local level in the Chinese context.
Conclusions
PPP have accelerated the development of a better care system for older people, mainly in terms of more affordable and higher‐quality care options for the public. They are also a feasible solution for the local government due to more cost‐effective and sustainable care provisions than previous publicly provided programs. The specific forms adopted are primarily associated with the scale of home care provision for ageing‐in‐place and the local government's financial capacity. Despite increasing private sector involvement, the public sector retains its crucial role in delivering care services targeting ageing in China.
Many natural resources rich countries are characterized by natural resource dependency and lack of economic diversification. They experience lower economic growth due to excessive exploitation of ...natural resources, high resource price volatility, undermining the competitiveness of the non-natural resources sectors, and weak institutional quality. Economic diversification is viewed as a long-term solution to high economic dependency on natural resources. Although this diversification can take place in every sector of the economy, economic dependency on natural resources can be reduced through both private sector development and public sector reforms. This empirical research examines the factors that may affect a country's degree of dependency on natural resources. A dynamic flexible adjustment model is employed om an unbalanced panel data for 110 countries from 1990 to 2017, to estimate the relationship between private sector development, public sector reforms, taxation systems, and dependency on natural. The findings reveal that the degree of dependency on natural resource revenue will reduce with the development of the public sector including privatization and development of national taxation systems. Institutional quality and human development are crucial for reducing this dependency and the speed at which countries transition towards an optimal level of diversification.
•Examines the driving factors that affect degree of dependency on natural resources.•A dynamic flexible adjustment panel data model of 110 countries 1990-2017is used.•Dependency is reduced by development of private sector, privatization and taxation.•Institutional quality and human development are crucial in defeating dependency.
Public health experts in Bangladesh have expressed concern about the government's decision to charge people for COVID-19 tests amid a sharp decline in the number of tests being done. Almost one in ...four Bangladeshis live below the national poverty line. Since the decision, testing rates have fallen to around 0·8 tests per 1000 people per day, with a low of just 0·06 tests per 1000 people in August. Talukder said that the pandemic had further exposed the country's failing health-care system, which spends just 0·69% of the country's gross domestic product on health, making Bangladesh one of the lowest spenders on health globally. ...two-thirds of health expenditure is out of pocket and borne by households, many of whom are propelled into poverty by catastrophic health-care costs.
O texto objetiva analisar os desdobramentos das politicas educacionais no Piaui, entre 2003 e 2015, considerando o contexto socioeconomico e politico desse estado. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa ...bibliografica e documental dos principais aspectos que marcaram o desenvolvimento socioeconomico, politico e educacional do Brasil e do Piaui nesse periodo, marcado pelo neodesenvolvimentismo. Concluimos que houve um movimento positivo de expansao da oferta da educacao basica e de melhoria de indicadores educacionais no estado. Contudo, existiram entraves resultantes das limitacoes do neodesenvolvimentismo, a exemplo das parcerias publico privadas, que possibilitaram ao mercado definir propostas didatico-pedagogicas e angariar recursos publicos. Igualmente, permaneceu o carater gerencial no controle de resultados e na racionalizacao das acoes educativas.
O texto objetiva analisar os desdobramentos das politicas educacionais no Piaui, entre 2003 e 2015, considerando o contexto socioeconomico e politico desse estado. Para isso, realizamos uma pesquisa ...bibliografica e documental dos principais aspectos que marcaram o desenvolvimento socioeconomico, politico e educacional do Brasil e do Piaui nesse periodo, marcado pelo neodesenvolvimentismo. Concluimos que houve um movimento positivo de expansao da oferta da educacao basica e de melhoria de indicadores educacionais no estado. Contudo, existiram entraves resultantes das limitacoes do neodesenvolvimentismo, a exemplo das parcerias publico privadas, que possibilitaram ao mercado definir propostas didatico-pedagogicas e angariar recursos publicos. Igualmente, permaneceu o carater gerencial no controle de resultados e na racionalizacao das acoes educativas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Neodesenvolvimentismo, Politicas educacionais, Piaui. The text aims at analyzing the developments of educational policies in the state of Piaui, between 2003 and 2015, considering the socioeconomic and political context of this state. To this end, we carried out a bibliographical and documentary research of the main aspects that marked the socioeconomic, political and educational development of Brazil and Piaui in this period, marked by neodevelopmentalism. It is possible to conclude that there was a positive movement of expansion of the offer of basic education and improvement of educational indicators in the state under analysis. Nevertheless, there were obstacles resulting from the limitations of neodevelopmentalism, such as public-private partnerships, which enabled the market to define didactic-pedagogical proposals and raise public resources. Similarly, the managerial character remained in the control of results and in the rationalization of educational actions. KEYWORDS: Neodevelopmentalism, Educational policies, Piaui.
La investigación condensada en el presente trabajo tuvo como propósito determinar si las asociaciones público-privada (APP), como técnica o modo de colaboración entre el sector público y privado, ...requieren de una nueva tipificación dentro de la contratación administrativa o si puede enmarcarse dentro de los ya clásicos contratos administrativos, o bien si se trata de un contrato de derecho privado de la Administración pública. A través de una comparación y el método deductivo se hace una revisión de la doctrina y dogmática jurídica en materia de contratación estatal, y tomando como referente los principios generales que rigen el derecho Administrativo, se propone una definición de este tipo de contratos.
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