In the second Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute-care ...hospitals, we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified risk factors.
Patients from acute-care hospitals were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in October 2011. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors.
Among 5628 patients, 3.8% had at least one HAI and additional 2.6% were still being treated for HAIs on the day of the survey; the prevalence of HAIs was 6.4%. The prevalence of urinary tract infections was the highest (1.4%), followed by pneumoniae (1.3%) and surgical site infections (1.2%). In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 35.7%. Risk factors for HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.0; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 2.9-5.7), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5-2.6), intubation (aOR 2.3; 95% CI: 1.4-3.5) and rapidly fatal underlying condition (aOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.4-3.3).
The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute-care hospitals in 2011 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
In the third Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey, conducted within the European point prevalence survey of HAIs and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals, ...we estimated the prevalence of all types of HAIs and identified factors associated with them.
Patients were enrolled into a one-day cross-sectional study in November 2017. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the characteristics of patients, their exposure to invasive procedures and the prevalence of different types of HAIs. Univariate and multivariate analyses of association of having at least one HAI with possible risk factors were performed to identify risk factors.
Among 5,743 patients, 4.4% had at least one HAI and an additional 2.2% were still treated for HAIs on the day of the survey, with a prevalence of HAIs of 6.6%. The prevalence of pneumoniae was the highest (1.8%), followed by surgical site infections (1.5%) and urinary tract infections (1.2%). Prevalence of blood stream infections was 0.3%. In intensive care units (ICUs), the prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 30.6%. Factors associated with HAIs included central vascular catheter (adjusted odds ratio aOR 4.1; 95% confidence intervals CI: 3.1-5.4), peripheral vascular catheter (aOR 3.0; 95% CI: 2.3-3.9), urinary catheter (aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4-2.3).
The prevalence of HAIs in Slovenian acute care hospitals in 2017 was substantial, especially in ICUs. HAIs prevention and control is an important public health priority. National surveillance of HAIs in ICUs should be developed to support evidence-based prevention and control.
Most data related to cutaneous melanoma survivors' health behaviour comes from epidemiological studies and is predominantly concerned with safe-sun behaviour and self-examination. Data regarding ...other changes of health behaviour are scarce and so are qualitative studies in this realm. The aim of our research is to acquire insight into the experiences of patients with cutaneous melanoma in Slovenia. How did they react to the diagnosis, which changes did they introduce in their health behaviour and how do they assess the role of family doctors?
Using the qualitative approach of collective case reports, a demographically diverse group of patients with different forms and stages of cutaneous melanoma was selected. Semi-structured interviews conducted by a psychologist were recorded and transcribed verbatim. For data processing, the approach of Qualitative Content Analysis was applied.
We integrated interviewees' experiences after the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in several subcategories: either they did not introduce any changes or they mentioned changing their habits when exposed to the sun and performing skin self-examination; they also emphasized their ways of dealing with stress and raising awareness about melanoma among family members and friends. The role of family doctors in the prevention and care appears unclear; even contradictory.
We obtained insight into the experiences of Slovenian patients with cutaneous melanoma. The interviewees prioritised safe behaviour in the sun, strengthening of psychological stability and raising awareness about melanoma. Findings will be used in the creation of a structured questionnaire for national epidemiological survey.
Namen prispevka je predstaviti izide iz raziskave o vplivih dejavnikov usposabljanja o trajnostni rabi vode (o podpori usposabljanju, ki jo kažejo nadrejeni in sodelavci, spodbudah za uporabo znanj ...in veščin, pridobljenih med usposabljanjem) in vplivu usposabljanja na tehnično in delovno učinkovitost zaposlenih. Empirično raziskavo smo opravili na vzorcu 328 srednje velikih in velikih podjetij v slovenski predelovalni dejavnosti. Ugotovili smo, da podpora usposabljanju, ki jo kažejo nadrejeni in sodelavci, ter spodbude za uporabo znanj in veščin, pridobljenih med usposabljanjem, statistično značilno in pozitivno vplivajo na uposabljanje o trajnostni rabi vode, uposabljanje o trajnostni rabi vode pa statistično značilno in pozitivno vpliva na tehnično učinkovitost. Izidi iz raziskave prinašajo nova teoretična spoznanja in praktične usmeritve za vse, ki se ukvarjajo z menedžementom trajnostnega razvoja z vidika ohranjanja naravnih virov.
The aim of this article is to present research results on the influence of factors of sustainable water use training (management support of training, co-worker support of training, incentives for ...using skills acquired during training) and the influence of this training on technical efficiency and employee efficiency. The article is based on an empirical study of 328 medium and large companies in the Slovene processing industry. The findings show that the training factors have a statistically significant and positive effect on sustainable water use training and that training has a positive effect on technical efficiency. They also offer new theoretical knowledge as well as practical guidelines for anyone working in the sustainable development management of natural resources.
Namen prispevka je predstaviti izide iz raziskave o vplivih dejavnikov usposabljanja o trajnostni rabi vode (o podpori usposabljanju, ki jo kažejo nadrejeni in sodelavci, spodbudah za uporabo znanj in veščin, pridobljenih med usposabljanjem) in vplivu usposabljanja na tehnično in delovno učinkovitost zaposlenih. Empirično raziskavo smo opravili na vzorcu 328 srednje velikih in velikih podjetij v slovenski predelovalni dejavnosti. Ugotovili smo, da podpora usposabljanju, ki jo kažejo nadrejeni in sodelavci, ter spodbude za uporabo znanj in veščin, pridobljenih med usposabljanjem, statistično značilno in pozitivno vplivajo na uposabljanje o trajnostni rabi vode, uposabljanje o trajnostni rabi vode pa statistično značilno in pozitivno vpliva na tehnično učinkovitost. Izidi iz raziskave prinašajo nova teoretična spoznanja in praktične usmeritve za vse, ki se ukvarjajo z menedžementom trajnostnega razvoja z vidika ohranjanja naravnih virov.
The second Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey (SNHPS) was conducted in acute-care hospitals in 2011. The objective was to assess the sensitivity and ...specificity of the method used for the ascertainment of six types of HAIs (bloodstream infections, catheter-associated infections, lower respiratory tract infections, pneumoniae, surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections) in the University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL).
A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients surveyed in the SNHPS in the UMCL using a retrospective medical chart review (RMCR) and European HAIs surveillance definitions. Sensitivity and specificity of the method used in the SNHPS using RMCR as a reference was computed for ascertainment of patients with any of the six selected types of HAIs and for individual types of HAIs. Agreement between the SNHPS and RMCR results was analyzed using Cohen's kappa coefficient.
1474 of 1742 (84.6%) patients surveyed in the SNHPS were included in RMCR. The sensitivity of the SNHPS method for detecting any of six HAIs was 90% (95% confidence interval (CI): 81%-95%) and specificity 99% (95% CI: 98%-99%). The sensitivity by type of HAI ranged from 63% (lower respiratory tract infections) to 92% (bloodstream infections). Specificity was at least 99% for all types of HAIs. Agreement between the two data collection approaches for HAIs overall was very good (κ=0.83).
The overall sensitivity of SNHPS collection method for ascertaining HAIs overall was high and the specificity was very high. This suggests that the estimated prevalence of HAIs in the SNHPS was credible.
Rezultati raziskave o kariernem izobraževanju na podlagi idejnega modela kariernega načrta kot gradnika osebne odličnosti odraslih so pokazali, da posamezniki, ki so izdelali osebni karierni načrt in ...se po njem ravnajo, spremenijo odnos do kariere in prevzamejo nadzor nad svojim življenjem. Ti posamezniki dosežejo visoko stopnjo samozaupanja in samozavesti ter imajo večjo percepcijo osebne odličnosti kot tisti, ki se niso izobraževali za kariero in niso izdelali kariernega načrta. Ugotovitve raziskave so praktično uporabne za reševanje socialnih problemov ljudi ter racionalizacijo stroškov javnih institucij, podjetij in zavodov za zaposlovanje. Zlasti pa so koristne za posameznike, saj se lahko na njihovi podlagi izognejo kariernemu prelomu, ki ga prinaša brezposelnost. Slednjega zamenja karierni prehod, ki ponuja različne karierne poti.
The purpose of this study is to map and analyse how travellers at an airport and on ferries experience, interpret and define the risk, safety and freedom of movement in the northern part of the ...Baltic Sea region with regard to the border agencies. This qualitative study is based on empirically gathered material such as field interviews and fieldwork observations on Stockholm's Arlanda airport in Sweden, and a Tallink Silja Line ferry running between Stockholm and Riga in Latvia. The study's general starting point was an ethno-methodologically inspired perspective on verbal descriptions along with an interactionist perspective which considers interactions expressed through language and gestures. Apart from this starting point, this study focused on the construction of safety as particularly relevant components of the collected empirical material. The study findings suggest that many passengers at the airport and on the ferries hold positive views about the idea of the freedom of movement in Europe, but are scared of threats coming from outside Europe. The travellers created and re-created the phenomenon of safety which is maintained in contrast to others, in this case the threats from outside Europe. The passengers in this study construct safety by distinguishing against the others outside Europe but also through interaction with them. The passengers emphasise that the freedom of movement is personally beneficial because it is easier for EU citizens to travel within Europe but, at the same time, it is regarded as facilitating the entry of potential threats into the European Union.
This multicentre, cross-sectional observational study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among the working population of Slovenia and identify factors correlating with higher prevalence ...of depression. It was conducted in three occupational medicine practices within major Slovenian primary health care centres. The study population consisted of 1,474 respondents 73.7 % of the invited participants, 889 (60.3 %) men and 585 (39.7 %) women with mean age of (40.5±9.8) years who visited these practices for their regular check-ups from November 2010 to June 2012 and were asked to fill in a self-developed questionnaire and score depression on the Zung’s self-rating depression scale. According to the rating, 50 (3.4 %) respondents suffered from depression. In the multivariate analysis, depression correlated with the following independent variables: self-perceived exposure to chronic stress, positive family history of depression, and primary school education.
Namen raziskave je bil določiti prevalence depresije med delovno aktivno populacijo in odkriti morebitne dejavnike, povezane z večjo prevalence depresije. Izvedli smo multicentrično presečno opazovalno raziskavo v ambulantah medicine dela, prometa in športa v treh večjih zdravstvenih domovih v Sloveniji. Opazovana populacija je bila sestavljena iz zaporednih obiskov delavcev, ki so prišli na redni preventivni pregled od novembra 2010 do junija 2012. Podatke smo zbirali s pomočjo vprašalnika, depresijo pa smo ugotavljali na podlagi Zungovega vprašalnika. V vzorcu je bilo 1.474 (73,7 %) posameznikov, od katerih je bilo 889 (60,3 %) moških. Povprečna starost vzorca je bila (40,5±9,8) let. V vzorcu je bilo 590 (3,4 %) posameznikov z depresijo. V multivariatni analizi so bile naslednje spremenljivke neodvisno povezane s prisotnostjo depresije: izpostavljenost stresu, pozitivna družinska anamneza depresije in osnovnošolska izobrazba.
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