To evaluate outcome trends of neonates born very preterm in 11 high-income countries participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes of neonates.
In a retrospective cohort study, ...we included 154 233 neonates admitted to 529 neonatal units between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2015, at 240/7 to 316/7 weeks of gestational age and birth weight <1500 g. Composite outcomes were in-hospital mortality or any of severe neurologic injury, treated retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); and same composite outcome excluding BPD. Secondary outcomes were mortality and individual morbidities. For each country, annual outcome trends and adjusted relative risks comparing epoch 2 (2012-2015) to epoch 1 (2007-2011) were analyzed.
For composite outcome including BPD, the trend decreased in Canada and Israel but increased in Australia and New Zealand, Japan, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. For composite outcome excluding BPD, the trend decreased in all countries except Spain, Sweden, Tuscany, and the United Kingdom. The risk of composite outcome was lower in epoch 2 than epoch 1 in Canada (adjusted relative risks 0.78; 95% CI 0.74-0.82) only. The risk of composite outcome excluding BPD was significantly lower in epoch 2 compared with epoch 1 in Australia and New Zealand, Canada, Finland, Japan, and Switzerland. Mortality rates reduced in most countries in epoch 2. BPD rates increased significantly in all countries except Canada, Israel, Finland, and Tuscany.
In most countries, mortality decreased whereas BPD increased for neonates born very preterm.
Resumen:
La soberanía alimentaria es el derecho colectivo a decidir sobre la producción, distribución y consumo de alimentos y promueve la generación de suministros alimenticios para el consumo local ...de tal forma que los consumidores queden resguardados de la volatilidad de los precios de mercados internacionales. En los pueblos indígenas esta tendencia resulta trascendental para hacer frente a condiciones de inequidad histórica que han impactado negativamente su salud pública. No obstante, es ignorada en algunos casos y en otros reemplazada por nociones centradas en la seguridad alimentaria, término alineado con políticas transnacionales derivadas del modelo económico dominante.
Objetivo:
analizar con tres comunidades indígenas de Colombia las perspectivas de soberanía alimentaria y su influencia en la salud.
Método:
investigación participativa basada en la comunidad, para recolectar datos mediante grupos de discusión, entrevistas y observación. La población de estudio fueron tres comunidades indígenas del sur de Colombia. La selección de participantes se realizó según su trayectoria en la comunidad.
Resultados:
las comunidades entienden la soberanía alimentaria como la conservación de semillas nativas y alimentos propios, vista como oportunidad para el cuidado de la salud. Su debilitamiento se relaciona con el desarrollo de enfermedades de las personas y de la madre tierra. Para su fortalecimiento identificaron el tul, el yatul y la chagra (huerta) que reafirman la unión familiar, contribuyen a la recuperación de modos de producción desde la sabiduría ancestral y se posicionan como alternativa para la sostenibilidad económica.
Conclusión:
la soberanía alimentaria conserva los saberes y prácticas tradicionales para una alimentación propia, debilitada por los sistemas agroindustriales. Es asumida como iniciativa local suscrita en un proyecto global de resistencia política y económica para la salud colectiva de los pueblos.
A rare clinical observation of death from prolonged uneven external irradiation due to the deliberate use of an ionizing radiation source for illegal purposes has been presented. The main ...difficulties of postmortem diagnosis of this type of radiation-induced injury, considering the features of histological examinations and special methods of retrospective dosimetric evaluations, have been identified.
Traditional psychedelics, such as LSD, psilocybin, or DMT, are psychoactive compounds that exert their effects mainly through agonism over serotonergic receptors. In appropriate doses and contexts, ...they produce profound changes in the subjective experience, configuring altered states of consciousness that, upon reaching a critical point, involve the appearance of phenomena of mystical, transcendental, or ego dissolution experiences. These events are associated with diverse therapeutic effects in several mental conditions. Psychedelics are safe substances, with minimal risk of serious or long-lasting adverse effects and without addictive potential. Current evidence comes from systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on phase II clinical studies, with small groups of subjects, strict exclusion criteria, and difficulties in applying the double-blind methodology. Worldwide there is a growing number of clinical trials, which seek to promote the approval of psychedelic-assisted therapies as therapeutic tools in the coming years. In this bibliographic review, we will address the phenomenological characteristics of the psychedelic experience, its potential therapeutic uses, and the
mechanisms that underlie them.
We are currently witnessing a renaissance of psychedelic science in clinical research. In Argentina, the challenges related to its study and the development of new treatments in the field of ...Psychiatry are subject to the adoption of certain regulatory policies. The evolution of the knowledge about the effects, mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of serotonergic psychedelics warrants a change in the regulatory framework for their use in clinical research. In a world that demands rapid flexibility and adaptation, we should avoid waiting for advances from developed countries. It is evident
that psychopharmacological progress in the last thirty years have not been up to the expectations of the so-called "decade of the brain". Aware of these limitations, in this paper we carry out a historical and ethnopharmacological review of the classic psychedelics, from the 50's to the present -without ignoring their ancestral uses-, in order to highlight the political and cultural controversies that these molecules have raised in the field of Psychiatry. We hope to promote in the local environment an approach devoid of stigmas and that considers the therapeutic potential of these substances,
with the ultimate goal of providing relief to severe mental illnesses that to this day continue to remain unanswered.
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