This article focuses upon a specific aspect of the revival of pilgrimage in Europe, the replication of the Camino de Santiago. The Camino has become regarded increasingly as 'prototypical' ...pilgrimage, particularly by those previously largely unfamiliar with pilgrimage, and copied in contexts far from Spain. This tendency towards the importation, re-conceptualisation and (to varying degrees) replication of the Camino in the pilgrims' native countries has led to the revival of ancient pilgrimage routes as well as the development of new ones. 'Caminoisation' thus refers to the process of introducing aspects of the Camino pilgrimage to other routes and pilgrimage sites. Among the main features of Caminoisation are the ideas that 'real' pilgrimage is done on foot and that the journey is more important than the destination. In addition, the material culture of the Camino is spreading, including pilgrim passports and Compostela-like certificates, as are ritual activities such as pilgrim blessings. Based on our AHRC funded project on Pilgrimage and England's Cathedrals, Past and Present, (PEC) we examine the growth and variety of pilgrimage activities in the post-Reformation, Anglican contexts of Canterbury Cathedral, York Minster and Durham Cathedral. We explore the renegotiation of pilgrimage, the localisation of Camino features in traditionally Protestant contexts and the implications of Caminoisation for the Anglican Cathedrals studied within the broader milieu of the heritagisation of religion and the spiritualisation of heritage in Europe.
It is a worldwide well-known fact that gastronomic tourism does not always contribute to the cultural, social, economic, and territorial development of the host community. Therefore, its study ...requires a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to explore and interpret this phenomenon. From this perspective, the paper analyses the consumption of food products by tourists in Santiago de Compostela in Spain (2013–2014). Personal interviews (2081) with visitors and food industry establishment representatives were done. Compared with the normal food consumption of the Galician population, the food production capacity established by the corresponding Santiago foodshed calculation, and with the gastronomy official advertising (tourism web pages analysed by multimodal analysis), the gastronomic tourist experience is standardized and poor, limited to practically two products: rice with lobster, and octopus. This standardization supposes a high reduction in the diversity of the product that can be offered and produced in terms of proximity, and its territorial differentiation, comparing to the usual consumption of the Galician population, to the potential agricultural production by associated foodshed, and to the gastronomic advertising through official web pages. Thus, in this case, gastronomic tourism is not contributing to the social, economic, and territorial development of the host community or, ultimately, to the sustainability of tourism.
Gracias a la Historia Compostelana,
o Hechos de don Diego Gelmírez, la figura
del primer arzobispo de Santiago de Compostela
es mucho mejor conocida que la de otros
prelados de esta y de cualquier ...otra sede hispana
de la época. Así lo recuerda Ermelindo
Portela en las conclusiones de su obra: «Una
cosa dejó ciertamente don Diego bien asegurada:
que los historiadores se ocuparan de él.
Otros prelados de su espacio y de su tiempo –
en Toledo, en Braga o en Oviedo– desarrollaron
sin duda una actividad muy semejante a
la del prelado compostelano; pero no se ocuparon
del mismo modo de que fuera pormenorizadamente
detallada en una crónica
comparable a la que él impulsó. Lo que convierte
a Diego Gelmírez en una figura histórica
excepcional es, ante todo, la cantidad de
información disponible»
La ritualización de la sociedad medieval alcanza su culmen en los procesos públicos de transmisión de derechos, desempeños y funciones. En ellos objetos, gestos y sonidos transmiten un sentido ...profundo en la significación que adquieren como elemento simbólico perfectamente interpretable por la población en general. Estas situaciones se hacen especialmente patentes en las tomas de posesión, tanto en la transmisión de bienes como en la asunción de la cura de almas en un beneficio. El presente artículo profundiza en el sentido gestual y simbólico del proceso de toma de posesión de beneficios eclesiásticos sobre el espacio homogéneo de la diócesis de Santiago de Compostela en el siglo XV. Empleamos para ello fuentes principalmente inéditas que nos permiten objetivar el proceso y estudiar sus partes, con especial atención al papel jugado por objetos (libros, vestimentas y cálices), sonidos (campanas) y gestos (camino por el templo o celebración de oficio).
As an economic, social, and cultural activity, tourism shapes the relationship between visitors and local communities in tourist destinations. While tourism generates economic growth and employment ...opportunities for residents, its benefits come with a social cost. This article highlights the results of an online survey that was carried out at the beginning of 2021 in the seven major Galician cities along the Route of Santiago de Compostela (the Way of St. James) in Spain, which is a historical, natural, and cultural tourist attraction that is inscribed in the UNESCO’s World Heritage List in the category of cultural assets. The goal of the research work was to get to know first-hand the opinion of local communities about the positive and negative effects of tourism in their cities, on the Route of Santiago, and in the region of Galicia as a whole. Research work shows that residents’ perception of tourism leans toward the positive side, although it also reveals the need for tourism planners to involve host communities in tourism development. This research study about a World Heritage site should prove useful for political decision makers, tourism planners, and experts, both in Galicia and elsewhere.
Santiago de Compostela is, together with Rome and Jerusalem, one of the three main pilgrimage and religious centres for Catholicism. The belief that the remains of St James the Great, one of the ...twelve apostles of Jesus Christ, is buried there has stimulated, since their reported discovery in the 9th century AD, a significant flow of people from across the European continent and beyond. Little is known about the practical experiences of people living within the city during its rise to prominence, however. Here, for the first time, we combine multi-isotope analysis (δ
13
C, δ
15
N, δ
18
O
ap
, δ
13
C
ap
and
87
Sr/
86
Sr) and radiocarbon dating (
14
C) of human remains discovered at the crypt of the Cathedral of Santiago to directly study changes in diet and mobility during the first three centuries of Santiago’s emergence as an urban centre (9th–12th centuries AD). Together with assessment of the existing archaeological data, our radiocarbon chronology broadly confirms historical tradition regarding the first occupation of the site. Isotopic analyses reveal that the foundation of the religious site attracted migrants from the wider region of the northwest corner of the Iberian Peninsula, and possibly from further afield. Stable isotope analysis of collagen, together with information on tomb typology and location, indicates that the inhabitants of the city experienced increasing socioeconomic diversity as it became wealthier as the hub of a wide network of pilgrimage. Our research represents the potential of multidisciplinary analyses to reveal insights into the origins and impacts of the emergence of early pilgrimage centres on the diets and status of communities within Christian mediaeval Europe and beyond.
Tourism has a leading role in heritage cities and this implies a major challenge. The overall objective of this paper is to evaluate the performance of tourism planning and management with the view ...of achieving sustainable tourism in the historic center of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The study addresses topics collected during a long research process of more than 10 years, such as strategic tourism plans, the implementation of quality management systems for tourism, the tourist supply and the regulation of flows. The results show a destination that has introduced alternatives to improve the tourism experience and diversify its offer beyond the Camino de Santiago. There is also growing concern in promoting the sustainability of the historic center. From our point of view, the strengthening of synergies between the different agents involved in the tourism sector of the city has been a key factor in dealing with this situation. However, in this sense, the main problem which is decongesting the tourist flows to the cathedral and its surroundings is still unresolved.
Mixing methods es una innovadora propuesta metodológica que se ha ido extendiendo en las ciencias sociales desde las últimas décadas del siglo XX. Al leer la bibliografía sobre ella, se observa el ...aspecto que justifica este estudio: los autores de contribuciones teóricas sobre “mixed methods” reconocen que es una práctica conocida ya hace siglos. Algunos de ellos han reexaminado incluso la historia entera del método científico para hallar precedentes; pero sólo han resaltado casos individuales y de orden teórico. En este estudio, se añade la proyección práctica de esa y otras teorías metodológicas sobre la formación de los jóvenes desde la Grecia clásica. Mi hipótesis es que las artes liberales fueron el plan de estudios básico en Occidente -y en las regiones occidentalizadas- durante más de un milenio precisamente porque su conocimiento implicaba mezclar métodos. Como contrapartida, comprender las artes liberales a la luz de la “mezcla de métodos” contribuye a poner de relieve nuevos aspectos de la importancia histórica de aquel plan de estudios. Estudio sus bases teóricas desde Cicerón hasta Alcuino. Más importante para futuras investigaciones es la correspondencia que afirmó el propio Alcuino entre artes liberales y dones del Espíritu Santo y la posibilidad de extenderla -esa correspondencia- a los hábitos dianoéticos de Aristóteles por un lado y a las ciencias humanas y sociales articuladas por Dilthey en el siglo XX.
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