I suggest in this article that there are several aspects of the Lacanian Real that so-called Lacanian literature has not adequately addressed, or barely did so. In this pursuit, I present a ...deconstructing reading of a number of Lacanian texts. My deconstructive reading suggests that three key features characterize the literature on the Real. First, there always is resistance that is involved in thinking about, and in experiencing the effects of, the Real. Second, the Real is most characteristically thought of in negative terms. Third, the Real is more or less thought of as a limit that cannot be transgressed. A deconstruction of these features leads to two arguments. First, I propose that the deployment of the Real as khôra within a discourse is an originary performativity which speaks of retroactively positing of a have-always-been-there Real. Second, I argue that the Real is the impossible–possible event which is at the heart of ‘saying the Real’. The deconstruction thus leads to a reconfiguration of the Real as a ‘saying the Real (as khôra)’ qua event (in the sense of Derrida) in the discourse.
This article both maps and analyses the representation of the Balkans in the work of Thomas Pynchon. It focuses primarily on the sustained treatment of diplomacy, empire and violence in the region ...that forms a key component of Against the Day (2006), but also traces how his earlier fiction is marked by this distinct zone of geo-political influence. The argument proceeds by situating Pynchon's portrait of the Balkans in a broader discursive context, placing special emphasis on the cultural/intellectual impact of the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia and on Maria Todorova's groundbreaking work on 'balkanism' (a relative, in some senses, of Said's 'Orientalism). I explore how the representation of the Balkans, as an imaginative, mythic and material space, can be used to deepen our understanding of Pynchon's political sensibilities. Using a range of examples (from Balkan ethnomusicology to the depiction of the First Balkan War), the article demonstrates how an uncompromisingly complex vision of hegemony, resistance and the Western psyche emerges from Pynchon's novel. Drawing on the insights of Slavoj Zizek, I argue that Pynchon's lavish engagement with Balkan history and culture is not merely an example of the meta-fictional whimsy so often cited as a dominant characteristic of his work. Rather, it can be read in terms of 'committed' critical impulse that forces us to re-conceive of European power relations, as well as entrenched notions of liberal tolerance and multiculturalism. (Author abstract)
패션은 현대 자본주의 사회에서 욕망을 움직이는 대표적인 소비재로서, 특히 슈즈는 패션 안에서도 여러 대중문화를 통해 인간의 정체성을 나타내며 욕망을 반영하는 매개체로서 인식되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소비 동인으로서의 인간의 욕망, 그 중에서도 원초적인 본능인 성적 욕망을 슈즈의 역사와 문화, 그리고 최근의 슈즈디자인과 관련하여 분석함으로써 슈즈에 ...내재된 성적 욕망의 상징적 의미를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 슈즈에 나타나는 성적 욕망의 특성을 이해하고 이러한 욕망과 시대의 이데올로기적인 욕망과의 관계를 살펴봄으로써 슈즈 디자인의 철학적 기반을 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 철학을 대중문화와 접목하여 해석한 슬라보예 지젝(Slavoj Zizek)의 욕망에 관한 이론을 바탕으로 욕망의 원인으로서 쾌락(Jouissance)과 환상(Fantasy), 상징적 조직화로서 증상(Symptom), 사회적 조직화로서 이데올로기(Ideology) 등 세 가지 구조를 도출하였다. 이런 구조를 바탕으로 슈즈에 내재된 성적 욕망의 상징적 의미를 밝히기 위해 첫째, 발에 나타난 욕망의 성적 특성과 관련하여 지젝의 욕망이론에서 추출된 양가적 응시(Ambivalent Gaze)를 기준으로 욕망의 근원을 알아보기 위한 사례를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 슈즈에 쾌락과 환상이 반영되었음을 확인하고, 전체와 부분, 은폐와 노출, 밀착과 투시 등의 시각적 특성을 추출하였다. 둘째, 시각적 형체로서 슈즈의 디자인 특성을 기준으로 욕망의 증상을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 섹슈얼리티(Sexuality)를 표현하기 위해 가리거나 드러내고 싶어 하는 본능은 성애주의(Eroticism)로 나타났다. 또한 이런 성애주의는 상반된 시각적 특성을 바탕으로 하는 이중성, 시선과 대상의 관계에서 오는 도착성, 성적 환상이 비정상적으로 발현된 물신성 등의 의미를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.
Fashion is the representative consumer goods activating the desire in a modern capitalism society. In particular, shoes have been recognized as the medium reflecting the desire and expressing the human identity through a variety of popular culture in fashion industry. Accordingly, this paper aims to identify the symbolic meaning of sexual desire embedded in shoes by analyzing human desire, especially sexual desire, in terms of the history, culture and recent design trends of shoes, as the consumer motive. The analysis will provide the philosophical basis for shoes design by understanding the features of sexual desire and the correlation between such desire and the ideological desire of the times. To this end, this paper identified three kinds of structures as the causes of desire on the basis of the desire theory of Slavoj Zizek interpreting the philosophy in relation to the popular culture; Jouissance and Fantasy, Symptom as the symbolic organization, and Ideology as the social organization. For finding out the symbolic meaning of sexual desire embedded in shoes on the basis of three structures, the case which identified the source of desire on the basis of Ambivalent Gaze abstracted from the desire theory of Slavoj Zizek with respect to the sexual features of desire observed in feet was analyzed. In accordance with the analysis, it was found that jouissance and fantasy were reflected on shoes and the visual features including the whole and a part, concealment and exposure, and adherence and see-through were identified Next, the symptoms of desire were analyzed on the basis of the design features of shoes as the visual form. The analysis pointed out that the instinct desiring to hide or expose for expressing sexuality was eroticism. And such eroticism had the meaning including duplicity based on contradictory visual features, perversiveness caused by the relationship between a viewpoint and a target, and fetishism which sexual fantasy is expressed in abnormal ways.
현대비판철학으로 본 신자유주의적 주체의 형성 이문수; Lee Moon-soo
한국거버넌스학회보,
12/2016, Letnik:
23, Številka:
3
Journal Article
신자유주의에 기초한 행정개혁은 관료와 시민 모두에게 특정한 유형의 주체가 되라고 요구한다. 본 연구의 목표는 신자유주의에 대한 Michel Foucault의 주장을 발판으로 해서 인문, 사회과학에서 정신분석학적 전회를 가능하게 한 학자인 Jacques Lacan과 Slavoj Zizek의 주체형성이론에 대한 검토를 통해 신자유주의가 요구하는 주체화란 ...어떠한 행정학적 의미를 지니는지를 탐구하는 것이다. 인간은 분열과 결핍을 특징으로 하는 존재이다. 이러한 인간은 상징적 표상의 수준에서 계속적인 자기 확인적 행동을 하면서 자신의 구성적 결핍을 가리고자 특정한 주체가 되고자 욕망한다. 그러나 이와 같은 시도는 계속 실패한다. 역설적이게도 주체화를 위한 시도와 실패에 대하여 사람들은 알고 있음에도 불구하고 시지프스의 무익한 노동처럼 실패를 거듭하면서 환상 속에서 삶을 지탱하는 것이다. 여기서 Zizek의 이데올로기론이 중요한 이론적 자산으로 강조된다. 결론적으로 환상 가로지르기(traversing fantasy)를 통해 무의식에 의해서 작동하는 이데올로기를 최대한 의식의 수준으로 끌어올려 그것의 현상유지적 기능을 폭로하고 극복하려는 시도를 하지 않는 한 신자유주의적 행정개혁에 의한 주체형성과정은 주체의 분열과 종속을 가속화시키는 것이다.
The administrative reform demanded by neoliberalism requires both the public servants and citizens to become a specific type of subject. The object of the study is to explore what meanings the concept of neoliberal subject have in public administration by examining first the Foucault`s theory of subjectivation and secondly the psychoanalytic theories of Jacques Lacan and Slavoj Zizek. In this study, individuals are distinguished by the characteristics of split and lack. Those individuals desire to become a subject as a way to cover up their constitutive lack by engaging in the incessant activities of identification on the level of symbolic representation. However, those individuals cannot but fail. Ironically, even though they already know the inevitability of their failures, they continue self-identifying activities as a way of remaining in fantasy. In conclusion, the study argues that the attempt of subjectivation demanded by neoliberal administrative reforms will aggravate the degree of dependency and split of individuals unless we try to reveal ideology`s function of maintaining status quo through our activities of bringing out ideological fantasy into the level of consciousness, thereby traversing fantasy.
This article explores a variety of techniques for “cutting through the clutter” in an era of information glut: body language, neuromarketing, and data mining. It traces connections between these ...different strategies by arguing that they converge on an understanding of the social, political, and economic roles of information, which challenge the empowering promise of the digital information revolution. The attempt to short-circuit the discursive content of communication in order to get straight at the underlying sentiment is symptomatic of an impasse that Slavoj Zizek describes in terms of the demise of symbolic efficiency. The promise of direct access to emotional truths modeled, for example by deception detection experts on the show Lie to Me compensates for what might be described as a vernacular postmodernism in which representations are understood to be not only subject to contrivance, but completely reducible to it. The result, this article argues, is a shift in the relationship of information to power, and thus in strategies for challenging or resisting it.
This article is a study of depression and melancholia from the psychoanalytic perspective. Starting with the issue of levels and categories involving the phenomena of depression and melancholia, it ...elucidates the particular nature of the melancholic loss; the fact that the melancholic’s problem has to do with language; the view of the melancholic subject as a default subject; and the question of desire in melancholia and its trajectory toward recovery, eventually leading to a hopeful imagination concerning the innermost human desire. Three Lacanian psychoanalytic theories (Darian Leader (
2009
); Colette Soler (
2006
); Slavoj Zizek (
2006
)) are used to support my arguments; Suah Bae (
2003
,
2004
) provides fascinating fictional truths that witness to the melancholic’s inner world; and Donald Capps (
2000
) renders a decisive help in my pastoral psychological reading of all of these writers.
The aim of this article is to provide a systematic presentation of Slavoj Žižek's reflections on belief and hereby to indicate his relevance for a philosophy of religion. The article begins with a ...brief introduction to Žižek's basic philosophical concern and a theological contextualization of his thinking from the perspective of this concern. This is followed by an exposition of his concept of belief. The starting point of this exposition is Freud's reflections on fetishism and disavowal that form the background for Žižek’s analysis of belief in modern secular society and as structural conditions of the human consciousness. Subsequently, the article presents Žižek's reflections on belief as reflective in terms ‘displaced belief’ in ‘the other who is supposed to believe’. It is demonstrated here how Žižek operates with a distinction between an ‘imaginary’ belief that is structured like the fetishistic disavowal and a ‘symbolic’ unconscious belief in belief as such. The final section of the article sheds light on Žižek's view of atheism and his introduction of a third form of ‘atheistic belief’, while considering whether this kind of belief belongs to the register of the ‘real’.
Hensigten med denne artikel er at give en systematisk fremstilling af Slavoj Žižeks overvejelser over tro for herved at tematisere hans religionsfilosofiske relevans. Der indledes med en kort introduktion til Žižeks grundlæggende filosofiske anliggende og en teologisk kontekstualisering af hans tænkning ud fra dette anliggende. Derefter udfoldes fremstillingen af trosbegrebet. Udgangspunktet tages i Freuds betragtninger over fetichisme og fornægtelse, der danner baggrunden for Žižeks analyser af tro i det moderne sekulære samfund og som strukturelt vilkår ved den menneskelige bevidsthed. Derefter præsenteres Žižeks overvejelser over refleksiv tro som ’forskudt tro’ på ’den anden, der formodes at tro’. Det demonstreres her, hvordan Žižek opererer med et skel mellem en ’imaginær’ tro, der er struktureret som den fetichistiske fornægtelse og en ’symbolsk’ forudgående, ubevidst tro på selve det at tro. Til sidst i artiklen belyses Žižeks opfattelse af ateistisme og hans introduktion af en tredje form for ’ateistisk tro’, og det overvejes om denne form for tro kan siges at høre til i det reelles register.
This article combines a reading of Pasolini's first feature film, Accattone (1961), with an investigation into what the theory of subjectivity of Zizek and Agamben might mean for a critique of ...today's liberal-democratic, late-capitalist hegemony. More precisely, my article claims that Pasolini's scandalous over-identification with the Roman sub-proletariat quaexcluded social class, in the context of Italy's modernization, should be read in conjunction with both Zizek's and Agamben's defence of the `abject subjects' of today's global order. Arguing against the de-politicizing trends of contemporary cultural studies, I suggest that it is only through the identification of (a politically rehabilitated notion of) universality with the point of exclusion of today's late-capitalist experience, that our cultural discourse can radically disturb the socio-symbolic field.
This article represents an attempt at identifying a lack (of a lack) in analytic philosophy. It claims that one of the central features common to a variety of analytic philosophies is the absence of ...an investigation of what Jacques Lacan has identified as the lack of being (manque à être). This lacking lack is investigated through what could be termed a Lacanian intervention into one of the finest (relatively) recent products of the analytic tradition, Robert Brandom's Making It Explicit. The aim of the intervention is twofold: first, to identify some of the (maybe surprising) similarities between Brandom and the Lacanian tradition; second, to identify the lacking lack within analytic philosophy by focusing on what Brandom (`explicitly') does not say — and to argue that what is thus usually passed over in silence in the analytic tradition contains a perspective of fundamental significance to understanding humans and their societies.
PDF
