Zanzibar, an island off the East African coast, with its Muslim and Swahili population, offers rich material for this study of identity, religion, and multiculturalism. This book focuses on the ...phenomenon of spirit possession in Zanzibar Town and the relationships created between humans and spirits; it provides a way to apprehend how society is constituted and conceived and, thus, discusses Zanzibari understandings of what it means to be human.
Like his other papers on technique, Freud's 1913 essay "On beginning the treatment" had an enduring influence on psychoanalysts for generations to come, providing them with a solid and ...worldwide-accepted conceptual basis on how to initiate psychoanalytic treatments. After a century of clinical experience and theoretical research, are all of Freud's rules and advice still valid today?
The late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries are known as the Age of Enlightenment, a time of science and reason. But in this illuminating book, Paul Monod reveals the surprising extent to which ...Newton, Boyle, Locke, and other giants of rational thought and empiricism also embraced the spiritual, the magical, and the occult.
Although public acceptance of occult and magical practices waxed and waned during this period they survived underground, experiencing a considerable revival in the mid-eighteenth century with the rise of new antiestablishment religious denominations. The occult spilled over into politics with the radicalism of the French Revolution and into literature in early Romanticism. Even when official disapproval was at its strongest, the evidence points to a growing audience for occult publications as well as to subversive popular enthusiasm. Ultimately, finds Monod, the occult was not discarded in favor of "reason" but was incorporated into new forms of learning. In that sense, the occult is part of the modern world, not simply a relic of an unenlightened past, and is still with us today.
In this original, provocative, well-reasoned, and thoroughly documented book, Frank Klaassen proposes that two principal genres of illicit learned magic occur in late medieval manuscripts: image ...magic, which could be interpreted and justified in scholastic terms, and ritual magic (in its extreme form, overt necromancy), which could not. Image magic tended to be recopied faithfully; ritual magic tended to be adapted and reworked. These two forms of magic did not usually become intermingled in the manuscripts, but instead were presented separately. While image magic was often copied in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, The Transformations of Magic demonstrates that interest in it as an independent genre declined precipitously around 1500. Instead, what persisted was the other, more problematic form of magic: ritual magic. Klaassen shows that not only were texts of medieval ritual magic cherished in the sixteenth century, but even the writers of new magical treatises, such as Agrippa von Nettesheim and John Dee, were far more deeply indebted to medieval tradition than previous scholars have thought them to be, and specifically to the medieval tradition of ritual magic.
As an important driving force for energy efficiency, the digital economy plays an irreplaceable role in achieving the goal of energy conservation. Entrepreneurship, as an endogenous force driving ...economic growth, also has an important impact on energy efficiency. Therefore, this paper incorporates entrepreneurship into the analysis framework of industrial development, and discusses the main paths and theoretical mechanisms of digital economy affecting energy efficiency from the two dimensions of entrepreneurship's innovation spirit and entrepreneurial spirit. The current work has yielded the following results: (1) The digital economy has significantly improved energy efficiency, and after a series of robust tests, this conclusion is reliable. (2) The nonlinear regression results show that with the improvement of economic development level, the role of digital economy in promoting energy efficiency gradually increases. 3) The heterogeneity test found that the digital economy had a significant role in promoting energy efficiency in the sample of resource-based cities and central region, but this effect was not significant in the samples of eastern and western regions and non-resource-based cities. (4) Mechanism testing shows that entrepreneurship's innovation spirit is an important mechanism for promoting energy efficiency in the digital economy, while entrepreneurial spirit is not. (5) From the convergence model test, it can be seen that the regional convergence of energy efficiency objectively exists, and the digital economy has become a booster to promote its regional convergence.
•The digital economy has significantly improved energy efficiency.•The effects of entrepreneurship's innovation spirit are crucial channels.•The regional convergence of energy efficiency objectively exists.
The term 'Holy Trinity', not known to the writers of the Bible, is still an elusive term to use nowadays, especially when one first reads the New Testament in light of the Old Testament and not ...immediately in light of the Creeds and Statements of Faith. This article discusses the roles of Θεός (God) and 'Father' in the New Testament with reference to the Holy Trinity. The conclusion is that the New Testament does not depict a Holy Trinity, but rather portrays Θεός as a coordinator, bringing a harmony between his anthropomorphic assignments 'Father', 'Son' and 'Holy Spirit', as well as all the followers of Θεός on Earth. Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications On the first level, this article covers the disciplines of Old Testament, New Testament (NT) and Practical Theology. On the second level, it makes use of philosophy and logics to help determine the 'truths' in the Bible. Who is Θεός? We propose that the NT depicts him as coordinator of his three revelations, 'Father', 'Son' and 'Holy Spirit'. Using anthropomorphic terms, Θεός reveals himself to his followers on Earth. The Bible is used as the main source, with references to the three Creeds and four Statements of Faith.
‘The spirit of Jesus’ (τὸ πνεῦμα Ἰησοῦ) is an uncommon phrase found only in Acts 16.7. Most scholars presume it to be a variant description of the Holy Spirit without any special significance. ...Garnering insight from ethnographic studies on spirit possession, this article seeks to overturn this presumption. In particular, the notion of the traveling spirit suggests that τὸ πνεῦμα Ἰησοῦ deliberately emphasizes the expansion of the ‘presentness’ of Jesus to a new geographical area, namely Macedonia. The significance of the coming into the presence of Jesus in Macedonia is also shown by the account of the divine direction of Paul and his companions to pass by other areas on their way to Macedonia, as well as an allusion to Alexander the Great, the conversion of Lydia, and the clash with another specific spirit that wishes to announce its presence—the python spirit.
Not everyone has an entrepreneurial spirit, but it can be cultivated through various means. Many institutions strive to find solutions for instilling an entrepreneurial mindset in students, one of ...which is Nurul Izzah Islamic Elementary School in Malang City. This research method is qualitative, employing a case study approach, in which the researcher will delve deeper into information regarding the school's efforts to instill entrepreneurship in students through Market Day activities at Nurul Izzah Islamic Elementary School in Malang City. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) To explain the efforts in instilling an entrepreneurial spirit. 2) To understand the cultivation of an entrepreneurial spirit through Market Day. 3) To analyze the efforts in instilling an entrepreneurial spirit through Market Day at Nurul Izzah Islamic Elementary School in Malang City. The findings of the research are as follows: 1) The cultivation of an entrepreneurial spirit can be achieved through training and education. 2) The cultivation of an entrepreneurial spirit through Market Day involves teachers, students, and parents, with the aim of developing marketing skills. 3) The cultivation of an entrepreneurial spirit through Market Day at Nurul Izzah Islamic Elementary School in Malang City is implemented through three stages: the production stage, providing information to parents and the entire school community as stakeholders, and the marketing stage. However, the implementation is not entirely supported, as there are both internal and external inhibiting factors.
Using data from the Survey of Professional Forecasters, we observe that a large fraction of analysts’ expectations about future economic growth is not due to technology or other shocks to ...fundamentals measured by the business cycle literature. We find that these unexplained changes in forecast revisions predict significant boom-bust dynamics in the key macroeconomic aggregates. We offer a novel theory where boom-bust dynamics stem from expectation shocks orthogonal to fundamentals.
•We analyze revisions of analysts’ expectations about future economic growth.•About half of these revisions are not due to changes in measured fundamentals.•This unexplained component predicts boom-bust dynamics in economic activity.•We build a theory with financial frictions and self-fulfilling expectation changes.•Boom-bust dynamics stem from expectation shocks orthogonal to fundamentals.
