The presence of outcrops and soil (regolith) rich in opaline silica (∼65–92 wt % SiO2) in association with volcanic materials adjacent to the “Home Plate” feature in Gusev crater is evidence for ...hydrothermal conditions. The Spirit rover has supplied a diverse set of observations that are used here to better understand the formation of silica and the activity, abundance, and fate of water in the first hydrothermal system to be explored in situ on Mars. We apply spectral, chemical, morphological, textural, and stratigraphic observations to assess whether the silica was produced by acid sulfate leaching of precursor rocks, by precipitation from silica‐rich solutions, or by some combination. The apparent lack of S enrichment and the relatively low oxidation state of the Home Plate silica‐rich materials appear inconsistent with the originally proposed Hawaiian analog for fumarolic acid sulfate leaching. The stratiform distribution of the silica‐rich outcrops and their porous and brecciated microtextures are consistent with sinter produced by silica precipitation. There is no evidence for crystalline quartz phases among the silica occurrences, an indication of the lack of diagenetic maturation following the production of the amorphous opaline phase.
Key Points
Opaline silica adjacent to Home Plate occurs in stratiform outcrops
Morphology and texture of opaline silica outcrops is consistent with sinter
No evidence for diagentic maturation of the amorphous opal phase
Purpose - This research examines the construction of Market Day activities to foster students' entrepreneurial spirit. Market day activities are held at SD Negeri Demangan Yogyakarta at the end of ...every semester. Methods - This research uses a qualitative approach, a case study type of research, with the market day coordinator as the subject, namely the principal and teachers. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Findings - The results of the research show that market day activities can foster students' entrepreneurial spirit, train leadership and responsibility for goods sold, and teach about counting, which can improve students' thinking patterns. The school's efforts to foster students' entrepreneurial spirit through market day activities at SD Negeri Demangan Yogyakarta include: 1) guiding students to always be involved in market days, 2) instilling an attitude of independence; 3) growing self-confidence; and 4) getting used to the culture of queuing. Research Implications - This article recommends that Market Day activities can be an alternative for schools to foster students' entrepreneurial spirit.
For more than three hundred years the practice of Masonic rituals of initiation has been part of Western culture, spreading far beyond the boundaries of traditional Freemasonry. Henrik Bogdan ...explores the historical development of these rituals and their relationship with Western esotericism. Beginning with the Craft degrees of Freemasonry—the blueprints, as it were, of all later Masonic rituals of initiation—Bogdan examines the development of the Masonic High Degrees, the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn—the most influential of all nineteenth-century occultist initiatory societies—and Gerald Gardner's Witchcraft movement of the 1950s, one of the first large- scale Western esoteric New Religions Movements.
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•A colorimetric sensor for white spirit based on Ag deposition of AuNRs was proposed.•The colorimetric response was correlated with the inhibition of Ag deposition.•The sensor array ...consisted of different AuNRs under different reductants.•The discrimination performance was assessed by LC–MS untargeted approach.
The rapid and effective discrimination of Chinese white spirits is of great significance for quality control in the white spirit industry. Herein, we proposed a colorimetric sensor for white spirits based on silver deposition on gold nanorods (AuNRs), which were formed by reducing silver ions to Ag nanoshells on the surface of the AuNRs by different reductants containing hydroxyl or amino groups. The degree of inhibition of silver deposition was demonstrated to be strongly associated with the various components of white spirits, such as organic acids, aldehydes, ketones, and esters, which resulted in color differences and a consequent colorimetric response for different types of white spirits. The color differences could be recognized using principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The colorimetric sensor array was constructed by designing AuNRs with four different morphologies by utilizing different reducing agents to not only successfully distinguish various types of white spirits, including twelve types of strong-aroma-type spirits with similar flavor characteristics and different aroma-type spirits, but also to determine the concentration of the main ingredients affecting the quality of white spirits with a satisfactory linear range. Notably, the discriminating ability of the colorimetric sensor arrays was equal or superior than that of the untargeted metabolomic approach based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This sensing strategy, with facile preparation, fast response, excellent discrimination and high-throughput signal output, provides a promising application platform for real-time quality monitoring of white spirits and other alcoholic beverages.
Divination Curry, Patrick, Dr
2010, 20160513, 2016-05-13, 2016-05-16, 2010-10-01
eBook
Divination is any ritual and its associated tradition performed in order to ask a more-than-human intelligence for guidance. A universal human practice, it has received surprisingly little academic ...attention. This interdisciplinary collection by leading scholars in the field is dedicated to fascinating new insights into divination and oracles arising from recent work in anthropology, religious studies, history and classical studies.
Central importance is given to the practical and theoretical perspectives of diviners as well as scholars of divination; several contributors are both. This book explores philosophical issues such as the nature of divinatory intelligence, the relationship between divinatory and metaphorical truth, the primacy of ontology over epistemology, the importance of reflexivity in scholarly studies of divination, and astrology as the principal Western form of divination. The ethnographic and historical examples range from contemporary Nigeria, urban Cuba, Mayan Guatemala and the shamanic cultures of the circumpolar Arctic to classical Greece and ancient Judea.
During the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries a group of monks with occult interests donated what became a remarkable collection of more than thirty magic texts to the library of the ...Benedictine abbey of St. Augustine’s in Canterbury. The monks collected texts that provided positive justifications for the practice of magic and books in which works of magic were copied side by side with works of more licit genres. In Magic in the Cloister, Sophie Page uses this collection to explore the gradual shift toward more positive attitudes to magical texts and ideas in medieval Europe. She examines what attracted monks to magic texts, in spite of the dangers involved in studying condemned works, and how the monks combined magic with their intellectual interests and monastic life. By showing how it was possible for religious insiders to integrate magical studies with their orthodox worldview, Magic in the Cloister contributes to a broader understanding of the role of magical texts and ideas and their acceptance in the late Middle Ages.
Conversions Ditchfield, Simon; Smith, Helen
01/2017
eBook
A timely and coherent collection on conversion studies of the Early Modern period, considering themes of conversion, materiality, embodiment and early modern spaces across and beyond Europe.
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