The purpose of this study is to compare the value of absolute renal uptake (ARU %) in patients by using Tc-99m MAG-3 and Tc-99m DMSA scan.
Absolute renal uptake is calculated using Tc-99m MAG-3 and ...Tc-99m DMSA in renal scintigraphy, Itoh and Tauex kidney depth methods used, respectively. n = 40 adult patients of both genders were included. All patients underwent Tc-99m MAG-3 and Tc-99m DMSA, respectively.
The values of ARU (%) were calculated separately in selected patients n = 40, (left = 17, right = 23 normal functioning kidneys) by MAG-3 and DMSA. Absolute renal uptake (%) of Tc-99m MAG-3 in left kidneys was found to be 15.2 ± 3.4, with spilt renal function 79.2 ± 14.7 and ARU (%) in right kidneys 16.2 ± 3.4 with spilt renal function 77.5 ± 19. Absolute renal uptake of Tc-99m DMSA in left kidneys was 17.5 ± 3.2 and in right kidneys 17.9 ± 4.5 with spilt renal function 81.8 ± 10.7 and 79.3 ± 13.8 for left and right kidney, respectively. Statistical analysis showed strong Pearson correlation.
Absolute renal uptake % was found to be more reliable in cases of bilateral compromised kidneys. ARU (%) calculated by Tc-99m MAG-3 solely can be used as predictor of renal function. The use of Tc-99m MAG-3 has more advantages than Tc-99m DMSA alone in renal scintigraphy as dynamic scintigraphy gives less radiation burden to patient, more information regarding renal function, and shorter stay time at hospital in comparison to static renal imaging. SRF % is less reliable than ARU (%).
γ-Tilmanocept ((99m)Tc-labeled-tilmanocept or (99m)Tc-tilmanocept) is the first mannose-containing, receptor-directed, radiolabeled tracer for the highly sensitive imaging of sentinel lymph nodes in ...solid tumor staging. To elucidate the mannose-binding receptor that retains tilmanocept in this microenvironment, human macrophages were used that have high expression of the C-type lectin mannose receptor (MR; CD206). Cy3-labeled tilmanocept exhibited high specificity binding to macrophages that was nearly abolished in competitive inhibition experiments. Furthermore, Cy3-tilmanocept binding was markedly reduced on macrophages deficient in the MR by small interfering RNA treatment and was increased on MR-transfected HEK 293 cells. Finally, confocal microscopy revealed colocalization of Cy3-tilmanocept with the macrophage membrane MR and binding of labeled tilmanocept to MR(+) cells (macrophages and/or dendritic cells) in human sentinel lymph node tissues. Together these data provide strong evidence that CD206 is a major binding receptor for γ-tilmanocept. Identification of CD206 as the γ-tilmanocept-binding receptor enables opportunities for designing receptor-targeted advanced imaging agents and therapeutics for cancer and other diseases.
By investigating the bulk superconducting state via dc magnetization measurements, we have discovered a common resurgence of the superconducting transition temperatures (Tcs) of the monolayer ...Bi₂Sr₂CuO6+δ (Bi2201) and bilayer Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O8+δ (Bi2212) to beyond the maximum Tcs (Tc-maxs) predicted by the universal relation between Tc and doping (p) or pressure (P) at higher pressures. The Tc of underdoped Bi2201 initially increases from 9.6 K at ambient to a peak at 23 K at 26 GPa and then drops as expected from the universal Tc-P relation. However, at pressures above 40 GPa, Tc rises rapidly without any sign of saturation up to 30 K at 51 GPa. Similarly, the Tc for the slightly overdoped Bi2212 increases after passing a broad valley between 20 and 36 GPa and reaches 90 K without any sign of saturation at 56 GPa. We have, therefore, attributed this Tc resurgence to a possible pressure-induced electronic transition in the cuprate compounds due to a charge transfer between the Cu
3
d
x
2
−
y
2
and the O 2p bands projected from a hybrid bonding state, leading to an increase of the density of states at the Fermi level, in agreement with our density functional theory calculations. Similar Tc-P behavior has also been reported in the trilayer Br₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O10+δ (Bi2223). These observations suggest that higher Tcs than those previously reported for the layered cuprate high-temperature superconductors can be achieved by breaking away from the universal Tc-P relation through the application of higher pressures.
Ocean warming influences tropical cyclone (TC) destructive parameters and hence their guidance certainly helps the disaster management agencies to reduce the damage. The present study modelled the ...sensitivity of TC size, intensity, rainfall, and destructive potential parameters under various ocean warming conditions. A recent extremely severe cyclonic storm FANI (2019) over the Bay of Bengal is chosen for this purpose. The 9-km grid-spacing Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations are performed by altering the default sea surface temperature (SST) by −1 °C, +1 °C, +2 °C and, +3 °C respectively along with the control run. The model simulations revealed that ocean warming causes the FANI cyclone to turn northeastward direction. The observed changes of tangential wind speed due to large sea surface enthalpy fluxes associated with ocean warming result in TC size changes and then guide the cyclone to northeastward movement. The radius of 34-knot wind (R34) is more sensitive to the SST warming compared to the radius of maximum winds. The modelled R34 values ranged between ~180–600 km against observations (~100–400 km) during the TC life period. The increased tangential wind speeds (~50–60 m s−1) and convective updrafts (~1.3–1.5 m s−1) in the TC area are responsible for TC intensity and size changes. A linear and exponential growth is seen for the TC destructive potential indicators those estimated using TC intensity and R34 values. The SST increase could result in peak heavy rainfall (>65 mm day−1) in the TC inner-core region, especially the rear sector. The categorical rainfall distribution analysis also proved that heavy rainfall areas extend to greater distances (>300 km) around the TC center with SST warming. The study helps in assessing the hydro-meteorological destruction associated with the TCs in the future warming climate.
•Ocean warming leads to an increase in TC size and potential destructiveness.•TC size-dependent destructiveness is large as compared to intensity-based destructiveness.•Heavy rainfall is extended to larger radii from the TC center under ocean warming.
Nuclear imaging offers a potential noninvasive means of determining the histology of renal tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-sestamibi ...single-photon emission computed tomography/x-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for the differentiation of oncocytomas and hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumors (HOCTs) from other renal tumor histologies. In total, 50 patients with a solid clinical T1 renal mass were imaged with (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT prior to surgical resection. Preoperative SPECT/CT scans were reviewed by two blinded readers, and their results were compared with centrally reviewed surgical pathology data. Following surgery, 6 (12%) tumors were classified as renal oncocytomas and 2 (4%) as HOCTs. With the exception of 1 (2%) angiomyolipoma, all other tumors were renal cell carcinomas (82%). (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT correctly identified 5 of 6 (83.3%) oncocytomas and 2 of 2 (100%) HOCTs, resulting in an overall sensitivity of 87.5% (95% confidence interval CI, 47.4-99.7%). Only two tumors were falsely positive on SPECT/CT, resulting in a specificity of 95.2% (95% CI, 83.8-99.4%). In summary, (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT is a promising imaging test for the noninvasive diagnosis of renal oncocytomas and HOCTs.
We found that the imaging test (99m)Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT can be used to accurately diagnose two types of benign kidney tumors. This test may be eventually used to help better evaluate patients diagnosed with a renal tumor.
A review on the synthesis and properties of the organometallic aqua-ion M(OH
2)
3(CO)
3
+ (M=Re,
99Tc,
99mTc), as relevant for radiopharmaceutical application, is presented. These important starting ...compounds can be prepared quantitatively, (a) on the no carrier added (n.c.a.) level (
99mTc) in water, or (b) in organic solvents (Re,
99Tc) at atmospheric pressure in a short time and from MO
4
−. The main characteristics of these carbonyl complexes are the high substitution stability of the three CO ligands and the substitution lability of the coordinated water molecules. M(OH
2)
3(CO)
3
+ can be considered as a ‘semi aquo–ion’. On the macroscopic level, upon titration with OH
−, hydroxo-bridged oligomers have been isolated and characterized. The formation of hydroxo-bridged complexes is a consequence of the considerable Brönstedt acidity of M(OH
2)
3(CO)
3
+, whereas on the n.c.a. level no such behavior was observed. Conditions and products of the water exchange by imidazole (im) and derivatives thereof (histamine, histidine) will be presented. The different mononuclear complexes with these ligands are of extraordinary inertness, which is the basis for potential applications in biology and nuclear medicine. Finally, as a basis for bioorganometallic chemistry, the adoption of the results from basic coordination chemistry to the labeling of biomolecules with an organometallic moiety will be exemplified with a selected penta-peptide and a recombinant single chain fragment.
This tutorial review covers the chemistry of artificial receptors designed to recognize the pertechnetate and perrhenate anions. It focuses on the molecular features that give rise to effective and ...selective complexation. Specific receptor classes are discussed in the context of available solution-phase and solid-state data with differences between pertechnetate and perrhenate binding behavior being highlighted where appropriate.
Solar energy is potentially the most promising type of renewable energy for large-scale utilization in the future, thus maximizing the use of solar energy has long been long pursued. ...Photo-thermo-catalysis (PTC) has presented a novel strategy that could utilize the full-spectrum sunlight to stimulate the synergy between photocatalysis (PC) and thermocatalysis (TC), which not only achieves high utilization efficiency of solar energy but also minimizes the energy consumption compared to sole PC and TC. This review strives to give a comprehensive overview of major advances of PTC. It starts with the fundamental mechanisms of PTC categorized by either heating mode (local and global) or photo-thermal synergic mode (thermal-assisted photocatalysis, photo-assisted thermocatalysis, photo-driven thermocatalysis and photo-thermal co-catalysis). Then, various photo-thermal materials are illustrated, including metals, semiconductors, carbon materials, etc. After that, we focus on the diverse applications of PTC, specifically in the fields of energy (CO2 reduction and H2 evolution), environment (VOCs and 4-NP degradations) and organic synthesis (Suzuki coupling and cyclocondensation reactions). Special emphasis is placed on the synergism of photo and thermal effect that leads to enhanced catalytic performances in PTC. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of PTC are discussed. We hope this review could shed some light on the fundamental mechanisms of PTC reactions and serve as a clearer guidance for synergistically high-efficient solar energy utilization systems in the future.
•Classifications of PTC by heating mode and photo-thermal synergic mode are given.•Photothermochemical metals, semiconductors and carbon materials are reviewed.•Applications in fields of energy, environment and organic synthesis are reviewed.•Challenges and perspectives of PTC are pointed out and discussed.
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•Fe0 is an efficient and long-lasting activator of PMS for the degradation of tetracycline.•The main radical species play a dominant role in the degradation of tetracycline.•The ...intermediates of tetracycline were detected and the possible degradation pathway was elaborated.•The toxicity of tetracycline in reaction solution finally reduced after Fe0/PMS process.
In this paper, the degradation of tetracycline (TC) by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated with zero-valent iron (Fe0) was systematically studied through batches of experiments. First, effects of the key parameters (i.e., Fe0 dosage, PMS dosage, initial pH and co-existing ions) on TC degradation were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, high TC removal efficiency (88.5%) was achieved after 5 min treatment. Also, four control experiments were conducted to demonstrate the excellent performance of Fe0/PMS process and the synergistic effect between Fe0 and PMS. Compared with Fe2+ (the relatively common PMS activator), Fe0 was an efficient and long-lasting activator which consume less PMS and produce less dissolved iron ions. Then, the characteristics of reacted Fe0 particles were analyzed by SEM-EDS, XRD and XPS. The results shows that a few iron corrosion products generated and some of them deposited on the surface of reacted Fe0 particles. The generated iron corrosion products could promote PMS activation or adsorb TC directly. Next, the possible degradation pathway of TC was elaborated according to the intermediates detected by LC-QTOF-MS/MS and the toxicity in solution during reaction was evaluated. Finally, the common free radicals were monitored and the reaction mechanism was proposed.
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