This article focuses on Tagore's translations of medieval saint-poets, writing in different Indian languages, to examine his attempts at "impossible" boundary crossings, from the medieval to the ...modern, the local to the transregional, and the sacred to the literary. These translations are considered in terms of multilinguality, vernacularization and the democratization of literature, collaborative translation, and Tagore's contribution to the ongoing process of constructing a South Asian "modernity" for his own times. They destabilize distinctions between "classical" and "popular", secular and sacred, erotic and mystical, textual and performative. They can be read as "transcreations", often involving unorthodox collaborative methods. They challenge conventional translation theories privileging fidelity, singular authorship and the authority of the "original". Tagore's translations provide a dynamic model for a potential contemporary rethinking of the role of translation in South Asian literary history.
Travelling is a common subject and motif throughout the works of Indian poet, philosopher and artist Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941). Tagore travelled across India and the world throughout his life, ...especially after winning the Nobel Prize for Literature. He often wrote of his journeys and their lessons in letters, memoirs, and essays and frequently used travelling and related themes as metaphors or allusions in written and visual works. Travelling between inner and outer realms, home and world, was especially illuminating, offering him inspiration and new perspectives. This discussion traces the theme of travel across Tagore's career, examining references to travelling in four different genres in Tagore's oeuvre - early travel letters, a mid-life memoir, his prize-winning poetry and paintings made later in life. These and related works are used to show how the act and idea of travel profoundly influenced Tagore's life and works, shaping his political, educational and creative philosophies.
This paper asks the following question: can an atheist reader fully taste the aesthetic meaning of poetry written by a theist author? This question is discussed with specific reference to the ...devotional poetry of Tagore. The paper discusses forms of pre-modern religious thinking which influenced Tagore’s conceptions of God, his relation to Nature, human society, and the human self. But it stresses that Tagore’s time was different from those of pre-modern believers. Tagore, as a modern thinker, had to fashion a response to the ‘problem’ of disenchantment. He constructed a philosophic vision that embraced modern science, but argued that it did not dispel the sense of living in an enchanted universe. Consequently, it is argued that a nastika can enjoy his poetry. This requires the nastika to view the idea of God not as a failure of cognition, but as a triumph of the imagination. I can continue to enjoy Tagore’s poetry without unease.
Examining the filmmaker Satyajit Ray’s engagements with religious questions with reference to his films Devi (The Goddess), Mahapurush (The Holy Man), Ashani Sanket (Distant Thunder), Sadgati ...(Deliverance) and Ganashatru (A Public Enemy), this essay assesses the influence of Ray’s Brahmo inheritance, his personal atheism/agnosticism and his cultural fascination with Hinduism in his representations of women’s status and caste discrimination. It concludes that although Ray’s approach to Hinduism was far from one-dimensional or sectarian, its negative social consequences were emphasized more in his work than any positive role it might play in society and culture.
Published between 1907 and 1910, Rabindranath Tagore’s novel Gora reflects its author’s evolving cultural, political, and ideological views in the first decade of the twentieth century. This period ...was significant not only for Tagore’s engagement in and disenchantment with the Swadeshi movement, but also in terms of his critical assessment of the viability of a Hindu cultural-national identity for India. Reading the novel in the light of some of his relevant writings in and around the 1900s, this essay puts Tagore’s exploration of Hindu identity into perspective in order to distinguish it from the exclusionary Hindutva ideologies later promoted and popularized in Indian politics. Using a dialogic method in the novel, Tagore pits a limited, divisive, and communalist Hindu ideology against an open, liberal, and alternative Hindu selfhood for India which is compatible with the universal-humanist perspective propounded at the end. Despite endorsing the latter perspective, Tagore nevertheless reveals his concerns and uncertainties about the position of minority communities and outsiders within that holistic paradigm of Indian identity.
The British Romantics and American Transcendentalists were deeply influenced by translations of Indian philosophical and literary texts. These writers in turn influenced English-educated Indians in ...the late colonial period. Living at opposite ends of the globe at different times and in vastly different societies, Thoreau and Tagore, in different but overlapping ways, drew on the Hindu concept of rebirth to explore human relationships with non-human animals. This essay presents an overview of their imaginative forays in this regard, and examines in particular Thoreau’s translation of an extract from the ancient Sanskrit text, the
Harivaṃsha
and Tagore’s story
Strīr Patra
(A Wife’s Letter).
In recent years a lot of books and manuals have been written about Bharatanatyam classical dance style. Detailed information about the immense Contributions of Late Guru Shri Kubernath Tanjorkar, ...Late Smt. Anjali Merh, and Professor C.V. Chandrasekhar in the development of Bharatanatyam dance, should also be highlighted and recorded in the history of dance. Therefore the objective will be to find out real facts and bring in notice the great contribution of the three Gurus, for the people who are interested in the art form of dance, dance students and future generations.
The amount of liver fibrosis usually correlates with portal pressure, which is measured as the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). The fact that portal pressure significantly decreases after ...treatment may increase cirrhotic patients' long-term survival suggests that measuring HVPG may offer specific information for outcome prediction. The study thus seeks to determine the relationship between the level of the HVPG and endoscopic and clinical parameters in decompensated chronic liver disease (CLD).
Thirty patients with CLD were studied and subjected to serum creatinine, total bilirubin, serum sodium, serum albumin, prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), esophagogastroduodenoscopy (upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy), and transjugular or transfemoral catheterization for HVPG measurement, and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score were calculated.
The results indicates a strong positive connection between MELD and HVPG, which is statistically significant (r=0.754; p<0.001). Similarly, CTP and HVPG also exhibit a significant positive association (r=0.793; p<0.001) suggesting a link between the severity of liver disease. Additionally, the moderate positive correlation for encephalopathy has a significant value (r=0.584; p=0.001), while the weak positive correlations for serum bilirubin, INR, and HVPG have non-significant values (r=0.244; p=0.194, and r=0.375; p=0.041, respectively). A strong negative connection between serum albumin and HVPG was also found (r=0.546; p=0.005) suggesting a relationship between worsening liver function.
In patients with decompensated CLD, the severity of the CLD as measured by the CTP and MELD score corresponds with HVPG, and higher HVPG associated with severe CLD and severe ascites, large varices, and variceal hemorrhage. Higher HVPG in cirrhotic patients also suggests the existence of sequelae, such as varices, severe ascites, and severe hepatic encephalopathy, although HVPG has little bearing on the underlying cause.
This paper analyses the fictional art and forte of Rabindranath Tagore with a focus on the sufferings, agonies, distractions faced by modern woman searching for self-identity, for which the young ...wife Kumo (from the short story Vision) is chosen for a brief evaluation and analysis, so as to bring home the point that the women is projected as a frustrated wife longing for love, proper care and kind treatment from her husband who is not at all ready and prepared to gives as many husbands normally do in Indian society. At a point when both husband and wife are separated, she became more aguish, the pain of separation is still worse than her sickness. Finally, Kumo lost her sight because of her foolish act. Being pioneers towards spiritual life is respectable but losing the life on behalf of it is a foolish act. Even though a woman gets a great advancement in life, she is still in the dark side of life. But Tagore is always a strong supporter of women, his concept of common hood is always something remarkable and appreciable in all respects. Keywords: Rabindranath Tagore, Short stories Vision, Wife's letter, Living or Dead?, The River Stairs, Personality, Womanhood, Popularity, self-identity, agony and frustration, racial discrimination, longing for love, exploitation, depression, liberation.
This paper correlates Sigmund Freud and Rabindranath Tagore's writings on mourning through two specific texts. Despite being contemporaries and profoundly influential, Tagore and Freud's spheres of ...influence have tended to be separate, so that there have been but few attempts at connecting their philosophies. This essay examines the second chapter of Tagore's novella Play of Four (Chaturanga, 1916) in the light of Freud's essay 'Mourning and melancholia' (1917). It explores how mourning may at once demand confirmation and denial; how it affects love and desire. The essay examines the Freudian concept of the unconscious through Tagore's symbolism; it also looks at Tagore and Freud's references to autobiographical elements and Shakespeare in their writing. The paper thus offers a close and juxtaposed reading of texts by two of the most important writers of the past century, who wrote and revolutionized our thinking about human minds and lives. In doing so, it throws new light on Tagore's novella and further proves the universality of Freud's propositions.
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