Prisoner health is a topic of significant importance; however, it has received limited attention in epidemiological studies, likely because of challenges in obtaining relevant data. Specifically, ...research on ocular disorders among elderly prisoners is lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of disorders of the eye and adnexa among elderly prisoners in Taiwan.
We investigated the presence of eye and adnexal disorders in elderly prisoners in Taiwan using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The ocular disorders were identified using the appropriate disease codes in the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision Clinical Modification (codes 360-379). In addition, the most common types of eye and adnexal disorders among the prisoners were identified.
A total of 2215 elderly prisoners (age ≥ 65 years; 2073 men and 142 women) were examined. The prevalence of eye and adnexal disorders among the prisoners was 18.87%. The elderly female prisoners exhibited a higher prevalence of eye and adnexal disorders than the elderly male prisoners. The most common disorders were disorders of the conjunctiva, cataract, and disorders of the lacrimal system.
A considerable proportion of elderly prisoners have disorders of the eye and adnexa. The overall quality of life of elderly prisoners can be improved by addressing their visual health, which contributes to the fulfillment of their basic human rights.
The accretion of oceanic plateaus has played a significant role in continental growth during Earth's history, which is evidenced by the presence of oceanic island basalts (OIB) and plume-type ...ophiolites in many modern orogens. However, oceanic plateaus can also be subducted into the deeper mantle, as revealed by seismic tomography. The controlling factors of accretion versus subduction of oceanic plateaus remain unclear. Here, we investigate the dynamics of oceanic plateau accretion at active continental margins using a thermo-mechanical numerical model. Three major factors for the accretion of oceanic plateaus are studied: (1) a thinned continental margin of the overriding plate, (2) “weak” layers in the oceanic lithosphere, and (3) a young oceanic plateau. For a large oceanic plateau, the modes of oceanic plateau accretion can be classified into one-sided and two-sided subduction–collisional regimes, which mainly depend on the geometry of the continental margin (normal or thinned). For smaller-sized seamounts, accretion occurs only if all three factors are satisfied, of which a thinned continental margin is the most critical. Possible geological analogues for the two-sided subduction–collisional mode include the Taiwan orogenic belt and subduction of the Ontong Java Plateau. The accretion model for small oceanic plateaus applies to the Nadanhada Terrane in Northeast China.
Display omitted
•Oceanic plateau can be accreted to continental margins in our numerical study.•Thinned continental margin, “weak” layers in oceanic lithosphere and young oceanic plateau are three major factors.•Accretion modes of the Taiwan orogenic belt and the Nadanhada Terrane have been put forward.
In the epicentral areas of major recent earthquakes, landslide density scales with peak ground acceleration. Topographic site effects on seismic waves are known to cause important gradients in ground ...acceleration in individual mountain ridges. Using landslide maps from the epicentral areas of earthquakes near Northridge, California, Chi-Chi, Taiwan, and the Finisterre Mountains of Papua New Guinea, we have investigated the control of these site effects over the location of earthquake induced slope failure. In our examples, earthquake-triggered landslides clustered near ridge crests, where the susceptibility to landsliding was greatest. This pattern is strongest in the Northridge epicentral area, and secondary landslide clusters were found in colluvial slope toes in western Taiwan and above inner gorges in the Finisterre Mountains. In contrast, rainfall-triggered landslides in the western Southern Alps of New Zealand were evenly distributed over all slope segments, and the landslide susceptibility was lowest near ridge crests. Observed patterns of earthquake induced landsliding are consistent in a diverse geological substrate. They correlate with the distribution of very steep slopes in the epicentral areas, but we demonstrate that topographic site effects can also be a strong control. Using the impedance operator method, we have modeled the propagation of seismic waves in a generic ridge-and-valley topography with and without inner gorge. This topography has little effect on incoming P waves, but a strong effect on S waves, giving rise to a significant amplification of peak ground accelerations at or near ridge crests, and at convex knickpoints within ridge flanks. The preferential orientation of landslides away from earthquake epicenters in the Finisterre Mountains and central west Taiwan is likely caused by asymmetric amplification of oblique incoming seismic waves across mountain ridges, and indicates that topographic site effects have dominated over topographic controls on landslide location in these areas. Although orientation of landslides in the Northridge area does not conform with this interpretation, our results suggest that knowledge of topographic site effects and the attenuation of seismic waves can be an important tool in the prediction of spatial patterns of earthquake induced landsliding.
台灣有部分圖書館已採納國際出版社開放取用的方案或是採行轉型化合約（transformative agreement）訂閱期刊，由於台灣現有的學術產出量不及國際出版主要國家，在方案上的選擇多採用出版社提供的合約模式，也就是在文章處理費上取得折扣或者增加少量訂費以取得免費投稿OA期刊。全國電子資訊資源共享聯盟（Consortium on Core Electronic Resource in ...Taiwan，簡稱CONCERT）在面臨全球轉型化合約及國內的改變趨勢，感受到大型出版商業出版社提供的轉型化合約條件相對複雜，於是援引歐美國家翻轉期刊訂閱費的核心倡議、行動方案來探討圖書館在轉型期刊合約的施行方式，從OA2020及ESAC歷程中尋找更多要面對的課題，期能提出更多資源整合的想法，讓國內高學術產出的機構可以有更深著墨與行動方向，未來可以產出更符合台灣學術期待的合約模式。
•The prevalence of ischemic heart disease was higher in bipolar disorder.•The incidence of ischemic heart disease was higher in bipolar disorder.•Younger bipolar patients had higher relative risk of ...ischemic heart disease.
This study investigated the national prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease and associated factors among Taiwanese patients with bipolar disorder.
We used a random sample of 766,427 subjects who were ≥18 years old from the National Health Research Institute database in 2005. Subjects with at least one primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder or ischemic heart disease were identified. We compared the prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease in bipolar patients and the general population in 2005 and the same cohort from 2006 to 2010. These associated factors with respect to ischemic heart disease among patients with bipolar disorder were also analyzed.
The prevalence of ischemic heart disease in patients with bipolar disorder was 1.69 times higher than in the general population (7.85% vs 4.67%; odds ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.41–2.03) in 2005. The average annual incidence of ischemic heart disease in patients with bipolar disorder was also 1.60 times higher than in the general population (2.02% vs 1.24; risk ratio 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.36–1.90) from 2006 to 2010. The higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease among bipolar patients was associated with increased age, diabetes, hypertension, and antidepressant use.
Patients with bipolar disorder had a significantly higher prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease than the general population in both sexes, especially at younger ages. Among patients with bipolar disorder, older age, and hyperlipidemia were risk factors of ischemic heart disease.
To understand how caring for grandchildren affects the physical and mental health of grandparents in Taiwan.
Grandparents aged 50 and older from 4 waves of the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging ...(1993-2003, n = 3,711) were divided into 7 categories based on living arrangement and caregiving history. Generalized estimation equations controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and disease status were used to estimate the relationship between caregiving and 4 outcomes: self-rated physical health, mobility limitation, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms.
Compared with noncaregivers, long-term multigenerational caregivers were more likely to report better self-rated health, higher life satisfaction, and fewer depressive symptoms. We found some evidence of reduced mobility limitations for both skipped-generation and nonresidential caregivers relative to noncaregivers. The associations in self-rated health and depressive symptoms were more pronounced in long-term caregivers than among those who recently started caregiving.
Improvements in self-rated health and mobility associated with caregiving support our hypothesis that caring for grandchildren can be beneficial for grandparents in Taiwan, especially for long-term multigenerational caregivers. Comparing Taiwanese grandparents across different types of caregiving shows that the associations of grandparent caregiving with health vary by living arrangement and duration. However, these findings may not be causal because caregiving and health outcomes were observed simultaneously in our data.
This paper examines the causal effects of textbook content on individuals’ national identity, by exploiting a curriculum reform that introduced a new perspective on Taiwan’s history for students ...entering junior high school after September 1997. Using a repeated nationally representative survey and a regression discontinuity design, we show that students exposed to the new textbooks were more likely to hold exclusive Taiwanese identity rather than dual identity (i.e. Taiwanese and Chinese). The effect was greater for academic track students and those living in neighborhoods where fewer people identify as Taiwanese. In addition, our results suggest that the new curriculum had little impact on people’s political preferences related to Taiwan independence. Finally, we find that the probability of reporting as Taiwanese among old textbook readers converges with that of people reading new textbooks in the long run since the perspectives of old textbooks are in conflict with the recent social trends.
•Examining the causal effects of textbook content on individuals’ national identity.•Exploiting a curriculum reform that introduced a new perspective on Taiwan’s history.•Students exposed to new textbooks more likely held exclusive Taiwanese identity.•The effect was greater for academic track students.•The effect was greater for those living in neighborhoods with low Taiwanese identity.
Tectonic blocks and slabs of mafic–ultramafic rocks are distributed discontinuously in the Yuli metamorphic belt of Taiwan. The blocks include rare omphacite metagabbros and garnet–epidote ...blueschists in the Wanjung and Juisui (Tamayen) areas, respectively. Such high-pressure (HP) mineral assemblages have been attributed to a mid-Miocene subduction event. However, the surrounding psammitic, pelitic and chloritic schists are the dominant greenschist-facies lithologies of the Yuli belt. In the Chinshuichi area, tectonic blocks are enclosed in garnet-bearing metapelites, suggesting elevated pressures. In this area, we recently discovered meta-plagiogranite containing the assemblage glaucophane+omphacite (XJd up to 0.39)+rutile+quartz, indicating P–T conditions near 13kbar/550°C. New equilibrium phase modeling of a garnet–paragonite mica schist and compositional isopleths for peak assemblage minerals garnet and phengite (Si=3.33–3.37pfu) indicate metamorphic conditions of 15.5–17kbar/530–550°C. These P–T estimates are higher than previously reported in the Yuli belt and suggest that both tectonic blocks and host metapelites underwent HP metamorphism. The juxtaposition of tectonic blocks and metapelites apparently occurred during the formation of a subduction–accretionary complex, followed by exhumation facilitated by a collisional event. These new findings imply that HP metamorphism was not limited to tectonic blocks, and instead played a significant role attending orogenesis in eastern Taiwan.
•First report of high-pressure metamorphism in metasediments of the Yuli belt•Garnet–paragonite mica schist yields P–T estimates of 15.5–17kbar/530–550°C.•HP metamorphism affected tectonic blocks and metasediments of the Yuli belt.•Yuli belt formed by the exhumation of subducted material from depths of ~55km.
PDF
