Venturiales Shen, M.; Zhang, J.Q.; Zhao, L.L. ...
Studies in mycology,
06/2020, Letnik:
96, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Members of Venturiales (Dothideomycetes) are widely distributed, and comprise saprobes, as well as plant, human and animal pathogens. In spite of their economic importance, the general lack of ...cultures and DNA data has resulted in taxa being poorly resolved. In the present study five loci, ITS, LSU rDNA, tef1, tub2 and rpb2 are used for analysing 115 venturialean taxa representing 30 genera in three families in the current classification of Venturiales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, morphological and ecological characteristics, one new family, Cylindrosympodiaceae, and eight new genera are described, namely Bellamyces, Fagicola, Fraxinicola, Fuscohilum,Neofusicladium, Parafusicladium, Pinaceicola and Sterila. In addition, 12 species are described as new to science, and 41 new combinations are proposed. The taxonomic status of 153 species have been re-evaluated with 20 species excluded from Venturiales. Based on this revision of Venturiales, morphological characteristics such as conidial arrangement (solitary or in chains) or conidiogenesis (blastic-solitary, sympodial or annellidic), proved to be significant at generic level. Venturia as currently defined represents a generic complex. Furthermore, plant pathogens appear more terminal in phylogenetic analyses within Venturiaceae and Sympoventuriaceae, suggesting that the ancestral state of Venturiales is most likely saprobic.
Centrando-nos na Linguística Histórica, investigamos indícios de gramaticalização de haver/ter no presente + particípio em textos dos séculos XIII a XV, disponíveis na base de dados Corpus ...Informatizado do Português Medieval. Para efetuarmos um mapeamento semântico-sintático da construção, analisamos as acepções aspecto-temporais: de antepresente ou pretérito por século, as quais foram articuladas aos parâmetros: seleção/significação argumental do segundo argumento de haver/ter; combinação semântica entre haver/ter e particípio e frequência de uso de haver/ter. A construção haver/ter no presente + particípio esteve mais atrelada à acepção de antepresente: passado com relevância presente, embora haja considerável número de ocorrências da outra acepção: a de pretérito, sendo as construções com o verbo haver mais frequentes tanto no século XIII quanto no século XIV, com leve tendência ao uso do verbo ter no século XV. Em termos de seleção argumental, observa-se tendência à seleção de objeto indicativo de posse inalienável, o que se configura como um indício de gramaticalização, pois a abstratização do objeto possuído conduz à atenuação da significação de posse originária dos verbos haver e ter. Também há ocorrências de combinações com particípios que contradizem a noção de posse própria desses verbos (como em ‘ter perdido’), o que é outro indício de gramaticalização, ou seja, da auxiliarização de haver/ter. A articulação entre funções, século e parâmetros semântico-sintáticos permitiu-nos um olhar mais verticalizado sobre a gênese do pretérito perfeito composto em português, tanto em relação à forma que se fixou (ter + particípio) quanto à acepção corrente de passado com relevância presente.
The efficiency roll‐off in blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using different carbazole compounds as the host is systematically studied. While there is no significant ...difference in device efficiency, OLEDs using ter‐carbazole as the host show a reduction in efficiency roll‐off at high luminance. Data from transient photoluminescence and electroluminescence measurements show that the lower triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) and triplet–polaron quenching (TPQ) rates in devices with the ter‐carbazole host compared with other carbazole hosts are the reasons for this reduced efficiency roll‐off. It is also found that the host materials with low glass transition temperatures are more susceptible to the efficiency roll‐off problem.
The efficiency roll‐off in blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using different carbazole compounds as the host is studied. While there is no significant difference in device efficiency, OLEDs using ter‐carbazole as the host show a reduction in efficiency roll‐off at high luminance. Low triplet–triplet and triplet–polaron interactions are identified as the main cause of the suppressed roll‐off.
Thermal enhanced recovery (TER) is a promising approach to improving the production efficiency of shale gas reservoirs. TER involves complex physical behaviors including fracture propagation, matrix ...deformation, gas flow, and heat transfer. Traditional numerical models are generally simplified as the regular bi-wing cracks at each production well which cannot account for the underlying correlation between the fracture network and multi-physics phenomenon. In this work, an integrated framework to evaluate the hydraulic stimulation and production performance of thermal enhanced shale gas recovery is proposed. The reliability of the integrated fracturing model which is based on cohesive zone method (CZM) and multi-physics coupling gas production model is well verified with the analytical results and field data, respectively. On this basis, the production performance of shale gas reservoirs under different heating temperatures (380–780 K), well patterns, and reservoir conditions (e.g., adsorption parameters, thermal parameters, and fracturing parameters) are investigated, demonstrating that the heating excitation could effectively enhance the cumulative gas production and improve the recovery cycle of shale reservoir. By the overall consideration of gas production and heating efficiency with various engineering factors, the optimal strategies for the thermal enhanced recovery of shale gas reservoirs are further discussed.
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•An integrated framework to evaluate the thermal enhanced shale gas recovery is proposed.•Fracture propagation, matrix deformation, gas flow, and heat transfer are fully considered.•The reliability of the integrated model is well verified with the analytical results and field data.•The influence of heating temperatures, well patterns, and reservoir conditions are investigated.•The optimal recovery strategies for geological and engineering factors are carefully discussed.
Polymer dielectrics with high energy density and low dielectric loss are highly desired due to the rapid development of electric devices. Among known polymers, poly(vinylidene ...fluoride-ter-trifluoroethylene-ter-chlorofluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) is one of the promising materials for energy storage capacitor applications because of its high dielectric constant. Nevertheless, it suffers from high dielectric loss especially at the high electric field, which suppresses its breakdown strength and energy storage density. Herein, sandwiched structure dielectric films were fabricated by employing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the outer layer and P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) as the central layer. By modulating the thickness of the central layer, an enhanced discharged energy density of 7.03 J/cm3 is achieved at a high electric field of 480 MV/m, which is 132% more than that of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) at its maximum electric field 300 MV/m. Meanwhile, this sandwiched structure film also retains a high discharge efficiency of 78% at 480 MV/m, which is never been seen in polyvinylidene fluoride-based polymers. Results show that PMMA acts as charge barrier and simultaneously enhance the breakdown strength and suppress the dielectric loss of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE).
Single atom catalysts have attracted wide attention due to their high catalytic activity for CO oxidation. We performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the various ...reaction mechanisms of CO oxidation catalyzed by the single Pd atom embedded defect-graphene system as well as the analysis of the structural and electronic properties. It is found that the CO oxidation on Pd-graphene prefers to a new termolecular Eley–Rideal (TER) mechanism rather than the traditional Eley–Rideal (ER) and Langmuir–Hinshelwood (LH) mechanism. In the TER mechanism, the O2 is activated by two adsorbed CO molecules with an energy barrier of 0.08 eV, and the formed OOC-Pd-COO intermediate dissociates into two CO2 molecules synchronously with the energy barrier of 0.29 eV, as the rate-limiting step. Hence, Pd-graphene may serve as the efficient catalysis to CO oxidation.
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In this article, a dataset from a collaborative non-target screening trial organised by the NORMAN Association is used to review the state-of-the-art and discuss future perspectives of non-target ...screening using high-resolution mass spectrometry in water analysis. A total of 18 institutes from 12 European countries analysed an extract of the same water sample collected from the River Danube with either one or both of liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection. This article focuses mainly on the use of high resolution screening techniques with target, suspect, and non-target workflows to identify substances in environmental samples. Specific examples are given to emphasise major challenges including isobaric and co-eluting substances, dependence on target and suspect lists, formula assignment, the use of retention information, and the confidence of identification. Approaches and methods applicable to unit resolution data are also discussed. Although most substances were identified using high resolution data with target and suspect-screening approaches, some participants proposed tentative non-target identifications. This comprehensive dataset revealed that non-target analytical techniques are already substantially harmonised between the participants, but the data processing remains time-consuming. Although the objective of a “fully-automated identification workflow” remains elusive in the short term, important steps in this direction have been taken, exemplified by the growing popularity of suspect screening approaches. Major recommendations to improve non-target screening include better integration and connection of desired features into software packages, the exchange of target and suspect lists, and the contribution of more spectra from standard substances into (openly accessible) databases.
Graphical Abstract
Matrix of identification approach versus identification confidence
CMSB (Cryogenic Molecular Sieve Beds) operated at 77 K is used for tritium recovery in the reference design of HCPB (Helium Cooled Pebble Bed) TER (Tritium Extraction and Removal) system. However, ...this technology has two main drawbacks: large consumption of liquid nitrogen and the controlling of tritium stream sent to the Tritium Plant, during the regeneration of the CMSB, in such way to avoid large variations in the gas flow rate.
This paper reports on a preliminary evaluation for CMSB replacement by non-evaporable getter materials for tritium recovery. The advantages of NEG technology are the high specific pumping speed and capacity and the ability to withstand a large number of absorption/desorption cycles. In addition, NEG do not release hydrogen unless power is supplied to heat them, addressing an important safety issue related to uncontrolled release in case of power outage or subsystem failures.
The reference technology for DEMO Helium Cooled Pebble Bed breeding blanket for the tritium extraction is based on tritium release in a He purge gas at 0.2 MPa, followed by a 2-stage tritium recovery ...process from the purge gas in the Tritium Extraction and Recovery system. The recovery process is based on adsorption of Q2O on reactive molecular sieve beds, while Q2 is trapped using cryogenic molecular sieve beds. Several risks have been identified with the reference technology for the system, like low reliability of BB system due to large pressure difference between the cooling system and the purge gas in TER, or large amount of LN2 consumption during the operation of the cryogenic beds operation. The development of the TER system architecture proposes replacement of the cryogenic beds with non-evaporable getter beds and the operation of the system at the same pressure as the BB cooling system, 8 MPa. By this development, the risks identified with the reference technology are mitigated or excluded.
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