In the Turkish public sector, official policy, and practice on the transfer of digital records to the Turkish State Archives has yet to be implemented, and the consequences of this have yet to be ...fully identified or comprehended. As such there is a need for research and recommendations on this problem. The purpose of this study is to provide a situational analysis of the transfer process of born-digital records to the national archives in Türkiye, by identifying the challenges faced in the digital transfer process, with the aim of raising awareness among public bodies. The survey method was used to collect data about the digital transfer process in Türkiye. A total of 120 public bodies participated in the survey. The originality value of this study can be said to be significant as of the target population, 120 Turkish public sector bodies were surveyed to determine their challenges and level of awareness regarding the born-digital transfer process. In addition to the high number of Turkish public bodies surveyed, this is the first study of its kind in Türkiye on digital transfer and its processes. The findings of the research revealed that public bodies in Türkiye are not currently ready for digital transfer. The findings also highlighted that the legal and technical infrastructure required for digital transfer in the public sector was inadequate. The research findings also concluded that staff working in the public sector require training in the processes related to the transfer of digital records. In line with the research data recommendations have been made regarding the digital transfer process in Türkiye.
The official mechanisms of intelligence oversight and accountability in the United Kingdom are arguably disjointed and ineffective. Thus, informal actors such as journalists, have played a more ...significant role. In addition, a rise of whistleblowers and leakers, such as Chelsea Manning, have highlighted the importance of online archives as an avenue for accountability. The United Kingdom is legally bound to place official documents on the public record at the National Archives. Sensitive material on intelligence and other security subjects majorly impedes the bulk release of documents. Inevitably, the inclination to ‘weed’ sensitive material from mundane documents has resulted in a costly declassification process. Evidence suggests that historians successfully investigated these subjects through the use of archives, despite the efforts of officials to obfuscate. This article argues that historians increasingly constitute the last forum of accountability and that routine declassification is an important, but neglected aspect of our machinery of intelligence oversight.
Britain's high-rise public housing era is widely seen as a serious social policy mistake. We show that the problems associated with this housing format were known to policy makers at an early stage, ...while tower blocks were also substantially more expensive, both from the perspective of central, and local, government. Conservatives governments championed high-rise mainly owing to the political advantages of urban containment. Major building contractors then used their close links with (central and local) policy-makers to aggressively lobby for high-rise ʽsystem building,' as their expertise in this field enabled them to dominate the sector and exclude local competitors.
Inoh Maps were the first scientific maps of Japan to be prepared based on survey results of Inoh Tadataka (1745-1818)'s team. Each map is revolutionary in the history of Japanese Cartography. Inoh ...Maps have been used in nautical charting in two ways: in the preparation of British Admiralty charts and in the preparation of Japanese charts at the early stage of what was the then the Hydrographic Department of Japan. Hoyanagi (1974) summarized the scientific achievements of Inoh Tadataka, including his contributions to nautical charting, and these have been quoted in many papers. The Tokyo Geographical Society conducted the 2017 United Kingdom Geo-Tour as one of programs marking the 200th anniversary of his death. Based on research carried out in the United Kingdom in 2016 and 2017, old and new findings are summarized and unresolved issues are presented. The main findings are as follows: (1) Inoh Small scale Maps held in the United Kingdom have been permanently transferred to The National Archives.(2) The Royal Navy evaluated Inoh Maps and used them in preparing eight British Admiralty charts of the area around Japan.(3) Graticule lines of British Admiralty charts are based on the prime meridian of Greenwich; therefore, the location of Japan was established on the world maps.(4) British Admiralty charts were compiled from Inoh maps with corrections for longitude and transferred from a graticule similar to Sanson–Flamsteed's projection to the graticule of the Mercator projection.(5) Hydrographic Department of Japan was founded in 1871. Te first Chief Hydrographer Admiral Yanagi Narayoshi ordered the reproduction of approximately 300 Inoh Large scale Maps held by what was then the Ministry of Interior and utilized them for hydrographic survey, the preparation of nautical charts, and sailing directions.(6) Exact reproduction history of Inoh Small scale Maps held in the United Kingdom from original Inoh Small scale Maps is not known.
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