El Tokio, a priority conservation area in Mexico and North America, and its adjacent areas hold the world's last remaining colonies of the Mexican Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys mexicanus) and ...serve as home to over 250 bird species, including global wintering grassland birds of high conservation concern, and other rare, endemic and endangered species of flora and fauna. While alarming changes in distribution and migration patterns of species existing in the study area have been reported, studies on the role of climate in these changes are scarce, partly because of the lack of climate information. To fill this gap, this study defined the climate types and eight bioclimatic variables of five ecoregions within and adjacent to El Tokio and analyzed climate indices showing trends of climate extremes, using 30-year climate data and the software RClimDex 1.0 RCs. Results showed climate variability in the study area, with 14 climate types, mostly arid and semi-arid. The analysis of bioclimatic variables showed that the Plains of Zacatecano-Potosino Plateau ecoregion, which contains prairie dog colonies, had the highest annual and mean temperature in the most humid, driest and hottest trimesters of the year; its precipitation had lower seasonality in relation to other ecoregions. Climate indices to detect trends in climate extremes showed greater intensity in precipitation, but also longer dry intervals during the year in the Plains of Zacatecano-Potosno Plateau, while the adjacent Sierra with Forests ecoregion, which borders some colonies, showed trends of warmer winters, summers with fewer days with high minimum temperatures, and precipitation that was less in amount and intensity. The generated climate datasets and analyses contribute essential input for climate change studies and for biological studies and conservation programs for the species and ecosystems present in the biologically rich study area, some of which are greatly threatened and of international concern.
Understanding the work values of the current and future workforce is essential for designing a human resource management system that attracts, motivates, and retains talent. This study provides an ...updated, in-depth analysis of the work values of the next generation of business leaders in the commercial centers of China, Japan, and Korea. Although previous research has often clustered these countries together and labeled them Confucian Asia, survey results from more than 700 respondents reveal striking differences in work values across countries. The Chinese are more individualistic and career oriented, whereas the Japanese are more risk averse and work oriented, and the Koreans are often somewhere in-between. We argue that the value differences can be largely explained by different economic influences in these three countries. This study enhances our understanding of crossvergence theory by distinguishing economic influence in the economic development stage, economic growth, and inward foreign direct investments. While these economic indicators might be related, their influences on work values could be conflicting. The findings suggest that that each economic indicator has a unique effect on the development of work values.
Several agent-based theoretical models demonstrate that the fundamental or trend-following predictor, or the dynamic predictor selection between them, is the main generator of price deviation from ...fundamental value. However, little research has empirically attempted to determine which theory has the most explanatory power on the empirical phenomenon. This study empirically identifies which predictor is most commonly utilized by actual investors and causes the empirical feature. We identify that life or postal life insurance entities, trust banks, industrial corporations, and other corporations (branches of foreign companies located in Japan or corporations related to governments, employee stock ownership, or labor unions) interchangeably switch fundamental and technical rules over time. We also find individual investors, security companies, and investment trusts to be fundamentalists, while foreign investors are trend-followers, and investors involved in proprietary trading and other financial institutions are contrarians. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all the investors in our sample have experienced a significant price impact in their trades. Our findings provide broad support for several types of agent-based models for the generation of the empirical feature in financial markets. In addition, trust banks—considered long-term investors—use a dynamic predictor selection between fundamental and technical rules but use a contrarian strategy for their technical rule. Meanwhile, trend-following foreign investors—the most active investors in our sample—are usually short-term. Therefore, our evidence on the price impact of their trades is consistent with the finding in Fama and French (J Finance 57: 637–659, 2002) that price momentum persists in the short and medium terms but reverses in the long term. We demonstrate our result by using a unique panel dataset on order flows by investor type from the Tokyo Stock Exchange that covers 87% of the total market volume.
• Recycling boundaries are determined by characteristics of wastes and recycling. • Determinants are density and the ratio of unit transportation cost to treatment costs. • Regional recycling ...networks should have multiple layers.
Conventionally, material inputs to industries come from either natural resources or intermediate products. With the increasing attention on greening the industrial process, municipal solid waste (MSW) can be separated and utilized as inputs to large-scale industries. As such, waste flows need to be managed to meet the requirements of industries by considering both quality and scale. Small scales of municipal recycling centers (MRCs) for pre-treating recyclable wastes often lead to higher pre-treatment cost and lower recycling efficiencies. Theoretically, appropriate facility scale and recycling boundary should be based upon a balanced consideration between economies of scale and transportation costs. However, only a few empirical studies on recycling boundaries have been conducted. Existing modeling studies are mostly case studies for planning purposes and do not theoretically examine the mechanisms and factors that determine recycling boundary. Under such a circumstance, this paper fills such a gap by quantitatively seeking the determinants for recycling boundaries and the related mechanism. An optimization model applying on the recycling of waste plastics is developed and tested in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region (TMR) in Japan. The results indicate two determinants for recycling boundary at the regional level: spatial density of separated wastes and the ratio of unit transportation cost to unit treatment cost. Separated wastes that are collected in low spatial density and have a low ratio of unit transportation cost to unit treatment cost should be better recycled in a large region. The finding implies that regional recycling networks should have multiple layers designed for different types of wastes due to the differences in their spatial density, unit transportation cost and unit treatment cost.
This study aims to investigate the contribution of visitors’ expenditure to Tokyo Metropolitan’s economy including its decomposition, the interregional repercussion effect between Tokyo and the rest ...of Japan, and the intersectoral propagation activities between tourism and the other sector in Tokyo based on two-region interregional input–output model and Miyazawa’s partitioned matrix multipliers. Measurement in tworegion model yielded to a higher value compared to single-region model, where domestic visitors lead the major contribution in overall, prominently on services sectors. The indirect and feedback effects to industries in Tokyo were strongly linked to tertiary sector, while spillover effect to the rest of Japan was more widely distributed. The economic activities in Tokyo were highly dependent on the industries in the rest of Japan, in similar manner as tourism on the other sectors within Tokyo. Tourism industries have strong inducible effects on the other sector. Considering these interregional and intersectoral interdependencies, improving the tourism sector in Tokyo may imply a promising effect to benefit the economy of Tokyo and subsequently other Japanese regions.
Tokio como paradigma de desarrollo global López Rodríguez, Blas; Torres Moreno, Guillermo
Kokoro: Revista para la difusión de la cultura japonesa,
2018
27
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The main point of this article is to analyze how Tokyo has become a space defined by the
themed merchandization of its own urban history. Neoliberal values and nationalistic
feelings bring to light ...the emerging postindustrial difficulties, reinforcing the Western
developmentalism paradigm that was originated in 19th century Japan.
En este artículo planteamos un breve recorrido crítico que parta de la idea por la que Tokio
se ha definido como un espacio anclado en la mercantilización temática de su propia
historia urbana. Todo ello definido por los valores neoliberales y un sentimiento de
identidad nacional que ponen de manifiesto las problemáticas posindustriales emergentes,
naturales al paradigma desarrollista occidental que se inició en el siglo XIX en el
archipiélago nipón.
Experimental research suggests the Walrasian tâtonnement auction encourages traders to under-reveal preferences, even encouraging initial pledges contrary to true desires, because pledges are not ...binding. We analyze the timing and characteristics of individual pledges and trades during 9604 auctions for redbeans conducted by the Tokyo Grain Exchange. We find no evidence of contrarian pledging and little evidence of under-revelation – as many traders over-reveal as under-reveal. Most traders pledge seriously from the beginning. Despite the considerable heterogeneity in pledging behavior across individual traders, these differences appear to have no relationship with traders’ profits, nor do they appear to affect the achievement of equilibrium.
This study aims to elucidate the effects that staying home due to COVID-19 has had on households with primary school-age children living in the central area. To determine the differences in states of ...mind between people in the central area and people in other areas, we investigated the changes in their "daily lives" including matters related to school; playing outside; associating with other children; "communication" including communication with family and friends; and the "use of information technologies" that secure communication. Moreover, we explored households that are satisfied even when they are unable to go out and clarified how children and their parents who live in the central area perceive the current situation. The study results indicate that the risks of COVID-19 in large cities have spatial characteristics and increase the burden on households raising children. Particularly in the central area, which has a high population density, the changes children experience are striking. Furthermore, due to the inadequate amount of open space, a strong awareness of the "new normal (avoiding the "Three Cs" (closed spaces, crowded places, and close-contact settings)" is required.
Tokyo is home to a creative and daring street-style scene, rich with subcultures and shaped by constant motion. In Tokyo Street Style, fashion writer Yoko Yagi explores influential trends, covering ...an eclectic range of styles from kawaii cute to genderless looks, while designers, editors, models, stylists, and other important personalities in the Tokyo fashion scene share their individual approaches to style in interviews. Moving from a glimpse of the outrageous fashion found on the streets of Harajuku to everyday-chic work and weekend attire, this comprehensive guide offers a lively overview of an extraordinary urban culture with a rich collection of inspirational photographs and practical guidance for cultivating Tokyo style, no matter where you live. Concluding with a curated selection of the best boutiques and vintage stores, along with some of the most fashionable places to eat and drink, Tokyo Street Style is a colorful lookbook and travel guide filled with insight from Japan's most fascinating tastemakers.
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