Tahun 2019 ditandai sebagai 56 tahun berlangsungnya hubungan diplomatik antara Turki dan Uni Eropa. Selama hubungan diplomatik tersebut berlangsung, Turki juga berupaya untuk menjadi bagian dari ...keanggotaan penuh Uni Eropa. Uni Eropa memiliki kepentingan untuk bertindak sebagai kekuatan normatif di Turki selama proses negosiasi keanggotaan. Namun, proses negosiasi tidak berjalan dengan mudah terutama pasca terjadinya kudeta militer 15 Juli 2016 di Turki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan proses de-Eropanisasi pasca peristiwa kudeta dan pengaruh legitimasi Uni Eropa dalam menjalankan peran sebagai kekuatan normatif sehingga terjadi de-Eropanisasi di Turki. Penulis menggunakan konsep de-Eropanisasi dan teori legitimasi untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif yang datanya diperoleh dari studi pustaka berupa buku, artikel jurnal, berita, dan internet. Penelitian ini memiliki temuan bahwa tindakan yang diambil Presiden Erdoğan dan partai AKP dalam merespons kudeta militer tidak mencerminkan nilai demokrasi, aturan hukum, dan HAM yang diagungkan oleh Uni Eropa. Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh lemahnya legitimasi Uni Eropa di Turki akibat dari bangkitnya pemahaman xenophobia serta Islamophobia di Eropa. Selain itu, Uni Eropa juga gagal menepati janji untuk memberikan hak bebas visa kepada Turki.
The study focuses on the mutual transfer of military knowledge between the German and the Ottoman/ Turkish army between the 1908 Young Turk revolution and the death of Atatürk in 1938. Whereas the ...Ottoman and later the Turkish army were the main beneficiaries of this selective appropriation, the German armed forces evaluated their (prospective) ally's military experiences to a lesser extent. Through the analysis of archival and published sources and memoir literature the study provides evidence for the impact of this exchange on the armies of both countries and on the Turkish civil society. Indeed, the officer corps in both countries was a small but influential group of the society for the further development of their nations.
Is it possible to identify the 'essence' of Ottoman kingship? And if so, what were the core motivating principles that governed the dynasty over its 600 year lifespan and how continuous and ...consistent were they? Following the death of the dynasty's eponymous founder Osman in 1324, 35 successors held the throne. Despite the wide range of character traits, dispositions and personal preferences, they led the expansion, stagnation and eventual collapse of the empire. Rhoades Murphey offers an alternative way of understanding the soul of the empire as reflected in its key ruling institution: the sultanate. For much of the period of centralized Ottoman rule between ca. 1450 and 1850 each of the dynasty's successive rulers developed and used the state bureaucratic apparatus to achieve their ruling priorities, based around the palace and court culture and rituals of sovereignty as well as the sultan's role as the head of the central state administrative apparatus. Sovereignty was attached to the person of the sultan who moved (with his court) both often and for prolonged stays away from his principal residence. In the period between 1360 and 1453 there were dual capitals at Bursa and Edirne (Adrianople) and even after 1453 several Ottoman sultans showed a preference for Edirne over Istanbul. Even Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent - held by the Ottomans, western contemporaries and modern analysts alike to be the pinnacle and paragon of Ottoman kingship - spent far more time away from his residence at the Topkapi Palace than in it. This book explores the growing complexity of the empire as it absorbed cultural influences and imperial legacies from a wide diversity of sources each in turn engendering a further interpretation of existing notions of kingship and definitions of the role and function of the ruler.
Artikel ini mencoba untuk merefleksikan pemahaman saya mengenai tantangan yang dihadapi oleh Naqsabandî di Turki dan Indonesia. Untuk menganalisis hal tersebut, penulis memulai pembahasan dengan ...menjelaskan konsep sekularisasi dan bagaimana konsep itu direspons oleh masing-masing citizen. Di Indonesia, konsep sekularisasi berjalan secara pasif, sedangkan di Turki sekularisasi berjalan secara asertif. Dari sini, penulis menganalisis perbedaan tantangan tarekat Naqsabandî di masing-masing negara, bahwa di Indonesia tantangan itu berasal dari kelompok reformis yang banyak melakukan kritik terhadap tarekat atas perilaku sosialnya yang dianggap menyimpang (bid‘ah dan shirk). Sedangkan di Turki, tantangan tarekat Naqsabandî justru berasal dari institusi negara. Sekularisme tampak dimanfaatkan oleh penguasa untuk meredam gerakan tarekat Naqsabandî yang dipandang sebagai ancaman terhadap kekuasaan. Selain itu, sekularisme juga menjadikan negara ‘polisi’ peradaban setempat dengan menjustifikasi tarekat Naqsabandî hanya akan membawa masyarakat menjadi semakin terbelakang dan tidak mampu menghadapi tantangan modernitas. Artikel ini akan melihat perbedaan masing-masing tantangan ini dan bagaimana kelompok Naqsabandî bisa bertahan.
This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Turkey contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 900 cross-referenced entries ...on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture.
This book analyzes the externalization of the EU's immigration and asylum practices towards non-member transit countries and the consequences of this process. Selected policy areas of externalization ...(border management, visa policy, readmission agreements and asylum policy) are applied to Turkey and Morocco as two main migration transit countries within two different institutional cooperation mechanisms: Turkey as an EU candidate country within the EU's enlargement policy; Morocco without membership prospect within the EU's neighborhood policy. YA ldA z applies theoretical debates and critically compares the rhetoric in policy papers with practice in the field. This volume not only contributes to the issue of the external dimension of EU immigration policy by incorporating transit countries into the debate, but also expands upon our understanding of the EU's contested external governance paradigm. It will be of use to students, scholars, and policy makers in the field of European studies, migration and asylum studies, international relations, and political science.
This book explores how the early Christians constructed, developed, and asserted their identity and authority in Asia Minor and Greece in the first five centuries CE.
With a new foreword by David E. Aune, this modern classic by Colin J. Hemer explores the seven letters in the book of Revelation against the historical background of the churches to which they were ...addressed. Based on literary, epigraphical, and archaeological sources and informed by Hemer's firsthand knowledge of the biblical sites, this superb study presents in the clearest way possible a picture of the New Testament world in the later part of the first century and its significance for broader questions of church history.
PDF
