Rad obrađuje dio opusa umjetnice Mice Todorović. Riječ je o 16 crteža nastalih u razdoblju od 1929. do 1933. godine koji su prema načinu predstavljanja i tematici jedinstveni u autoričinu opusu. ...Odlikuju se autentičnošću umjetničkog promišljanja, ali vidljivi su i različiti utjecaji, poput Georga Grosza, grupe Zemlja i Krste Hegedušića. Humorom koji je sofisticiran, ali jasan, autorica ukazuje na neravnotežu između kanoniziranih društvenih svjetonazora i stvarnih principa na kojima djeluje tadašnje društvo. Ovom serijom crteža Mica Todorović uvrstila se u sam vrh socijalno angažirane umjetnosti u regionalnim okvirima.
The paper deals with the drawings by artist Mica Todorović that she created from 1929 to 1933. The 16 drawings are unique in her oeuvre in terms of the way of presenting and subject matter. The drawings are authentic for their artistic thinking with various evident influences such as Georg Grosz, the group Zemlja and Krsto Hegedušić. With sophisticated but clear humor, the author points out the imbalance between the canonized social worldviews and the real principles on which the society of that time operates. With this series of drawings, Mica Todorović ranked at the very top of socially engaged art in the regional context.
Arctic terrestrial ecosystems are generally considered to be species poor, fragile and often isolated. Nonetheless, their intricate complexity, especially that of the invertebrate component, is ...beginning to emerge. Attention has become focused on the Arctic both due to the importance of this rapidly changing region for the Earth and also the inherent interest of an extreme and unique environment. The three archipelagoes considered here, Svalbard, Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, delineate the Barents Sea to the west, north and east. This is a region of convergence for Palearctic and Nearctic faunas re-colonising the Arctic following the retreat of the ice after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Despite the harsh Arctic environment and the short period since deglaciation, the archipelagoes of the Barents Sea are inhabited by diverse invertebrate communities. But there is an obvious imbalance in our knowledge of many taxa of each archipelago, and in our knowledge of many taxa. Research effort in Svalbard is increasing rapidly while there are still few reports, particularly in the western literature, from Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya. Nevertheless, there appears to be a surprising degree of dissimilarity between the invertebrate faunas, possibly reflecting colonization history. We provide a baseline synthesis of the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna of the Barents Sea archipelagoes, highlight the taxa present, the characteristic elements of fauna and the complexity of their biogeography. In doing so, we provide a background from which to assess responses to environmental change for a region under increasing international attention from scientific, industrial and political communities as well as non-governmental organizations and the general public.
•Synthesize the terrestrial invertebrate biodiversity of the Barents Sea archipelagoes.•Describe each invertebrate taxon and compare diversity between the archipelagoes.•Discuss history of colonisation, paleocommunities and environmental change.•Provide a benchmark for the terrestrial ecology of a High Arctic region.•Highlight the need for continuing integrated research especially in phylogeography.
Na temelju arhivskih izvora i dosadašnjih studija u radu se analizira odnos Krste Hegedušića i Đure Tiljka kroz prizmu njihovih teorijskih doprinosa socijalno angažiranoj umjetnosti u Hrvatskoj u ...razdoblju od 1932. do 1950. godine. Uzimajući u obzir kronologiju sukoba na književnoj ljevici, ali i točke ideoloških razilaženja dvojice umjetnika, u njihovu odnosu moguće je razlučiti dvije faze. Prva faza, razdoblje suradnje, traje od 1932. do 1934. godine, a obilježavaju je zajednički napori na definiranju hrvatske inačice socijalno angažirane umjetnosti. U razdoblju razilaženja i konačnog prekida suradnje, od 1934. pa do 1950., oba umjetnika sudjeluju u javnim raspravama o pitanju socijalističkog realizma i normativne umjetnosti, ali priklonjeni suprotstavljenim taborima: Tiljak zastupa harkovsku liniju, dok se Hegedušić opredijelio za Krležinu kritiku normativne estetike. Napetost u njihovu odnosu kulminira 1950. godine otvorenim sukobom dvojice umjetnika, na koji su utjecale i turbulentne političke okolnosti prouzročene donošenjem Rezolucije Informbiroa i isključivanjem Jugoslavije iz zajednice komunističkih zemalja.
The paper deals with the drawings by artist Mica Todorović that she created from 1929 to 1933. The 16 drawings are unique in her oeuvre in terms of the way of presenting and subject matter. The ...drawings are authentic for their artistic thinking with various evident influences such as Georg Grosz, the group Zemlja and Krsto Hegedušić. With sophisticated but clear humor, the author points out the imbalance between the canonized social worldviews and the real principles on which the society of that time operates. With this series of drawings, Mica Todorović ranked at the very top of socially engaged art in the regional context.
U radu se analizira rani slikarski opus Željka Hegedušića i predstavlja slika Kompozicija (oko 1935.) iz fundusa Moderne galerije u Zagrebu, naslikana na stražnjoj strani ulja na platnu Žitna pijaca ...u Mitrovici (1935.). To nadrealističko djelo prvi je put izloženo na izložbi Na robu: Vizualna umetnost v Kraljevini Jugoslaviji 1929–1941, održanoj u Ljubljani 2019. godine. Uz osnovne podatke o slici te izložbenoj povijesti aversa, autori donose kontekstualnu analizu predstavljene slike. Pritom se uzima u obzir slikarevo sudjelovanje na izložbama Udruženja umjetnika Zemlja te se interpretira nekoliko njegovih ključnih djela nastalih u prvoj polovici tridesetih godina. Također, Kompozicija se valorizira u kontekstu nadrealističke komponente slikareva opusa, kao i korpusa međuratnog nadrealizma u hrvatskom slikarstvu.
U radu
su prikazani hodočasnici iz Španjolske, odnosno njezinih nekadašnjih
kraljevstava Kastilje, Aragonije, Navare, te Portugala koji su prošli hrvatskim
krajevima i gradovima na Jadranu tijekom ...plovidbe u Svetu zemlju. Kratko su
prikazana politička i vjerska zbivanja na tom prostoru te stavljena u
korelaciju s istovjetnim fenomenom u ostatku Europe. Opisani su njihovi motivi
za odlazak, staleška pripadnost te doživljaji tijekom putovanja. Osim
geografskih i političkih specifičnosti, koje su najviše utjecale na njihovu
brojnost, primjetna je niska zastupljenost građanstva. Relativno dobru
zastupljenost pisanih svjedočanstava ne prati razmjeran broj kontakata s
osobama iz hrvatskih krajeva, a od toga odstupaju pripadnici franjevačkoga reda
glede pojedinih zaslužnih članova zajednice u Jeruzalemu. Ukupan dojam govori
da su španjolski i portugalski hodočasnički zapisi u usporedbi s djelima drugih
hodočasnika kasnoga srednjeg vijeka i ranoga novog doba najviše usmjereni na
Jeruzalem i ostala sveta mjesta, pa su tranzitni krajevi ostali zakinuti u
tekstovima.
Pilgrims from the Iberian Peninsula, from the kingdoms
of Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portugal, were an indispensable part of
European pilgrimages from Venice to Palestine from the very beginning of
travels to the Holy Land (a total of 85 persons have been recorded from the
lands of the Spanish Crown and 68 of those have been identified; 60 of them
came from Portugal, 32 of them known by name). This is evidenced by Venetian
state and chronicler records, but above all by the relatively numerous
travelogues (6 Spanish and 3 Portuguese authors have been analyzed). Motivated
by deep and sincere religious feelings, of which one finds confirmation in
their writings as well as in general biographies, they set out from all parts
of their countries on this expensive, tiresome, and too often perilous sea
voyage. Very similar to the German or French pilgrims, they came from all walks
of life, but persons from ecclesiastical circles prevailed from the mid-16th
century. Somewhat surprising is the large number of women, which generally
differs from the situation in other ethnic groups. Due to their choice of
Venice as the port of departure, they had to sail along the Croatian Adriatic
coast. Some, however, used new geographical discoveries and came to Jerusalem
from the east, visiting the Adriatic cities only on their return. Depending on
the type of vessel (galley or one of the proper sailing ships –
koka
,
nava
, or
galijun
) and the
official or business tasks of the ship owner, they docked in various ports from
Poreč to Dubrovnik. And while members of the nobility recorded secular curiosities,
with a noticeable liking for “miracles”, the clergy placed considerable
emphasis on the religious situation. In this respect, what united them was their
surprise at the encounter with Glagolitic liturgy (the question is what
impressed them more – the Mass in Zadar or the singing in Jerusalem). St Jerome
was recognized as a strong link between his native Dalmatia and the distant
Iberian lands. The political reality was quite astutely perceived and the
pilgrims knew about all various changes – the attitude of Dubrovnik towards the
Holy Roman Empire, the Venetian territories from Istria to Boka, and the
intolerance between Venice and the Dubrovnik Republic – but the political
Croatia escaped their observations. The rise of the Ottoman Empire as a deadly threat to
the Christian world, which they were also aware of in their own homeland, became
evident to them in the Adriatic. There are two realistic accounts, albeit
contradictory, of Dubrovnik’s military prowess and its reliance on the power of
Spain. As for the other cities, Pula seems to have been especially interesting
to them due to its monumental ancient monuments (the amphitheatre and the theatre),
where the pilgrims recalled various characters from stories and books whose
themes were pan-European and present also with the Germans, the French, and
others. But they also experienced the dark images of decay in the city. Contacts
with the Croatian folk and individuals were not numerous, but the travellers
remained impressed by the exceptional hospitality of the poor inhabitants of
Ilovik, as well as the knowledge and skills of Croatian sailors, among whom
Petar Fazanić from Hvar excelled. One should also mention an impressive account
of the activities of Fr Boniface of Lopud, a multiple custodian of Jerusalem,
for which his Franciscan brethren were credited, an opinion that our pilgrims
shared with those from other countries. As is only to be expected, Spanish and
Portuguese travelogue writers also left numerous notes on the weather
conditions in the Adriatic. This paper ends with the outbreak of the Candian
War (1645), which roughly coincides with the end of the Thirty Years’ War
(1648). These two armed conflicts marked the final demise of the Venetian
Republic and pushed Spain and Portugal in the background, while at the same
time pilgrimages became more of a private matter and travelling to the Levant
(and incidentally to Palestine) was completely secularized, acquiring adventurous
or scientific features.
Uz uvažavanje posebnosti pojedinih znanstvenih disciplina, pristup problematici klimatskih promjena mora biti promotren na interdisciplinarnoj razini i postavljen kao imperativ svih budućih ...djelovanja. Tek svekolikost ljudske misli i djela, s namjerom točnoga definiranja oblika i razine okolišnoga utjecaja pojedinih gospodarskih djelatnosti, kao i ukazivanje na njih, može rezultirati postavljanjem preciznih ishodišnih točaka s jasno vidljivim ciljem – ublaženje i prilagodba klimatskim promjenama. Teme o utjecaju klimatskih promjena na naše živote, okoliš i općenito na ekosustav svakodnevno i sa sve većom pozornošću zauzimaju svekoliki medijski prostor, privlače pozornost javnosti i postaju važnim i neizostavnim pitanjem svakog ozbiljnijega političkog djelovanja. Iz ovoga ugla klimatske promjene projiciraju dva osnovna principa: princip uzročnosti, prema kojem težina posljedica treba biti razmjerna težini odgovornosti i princip niveliranosti, po kojem daljnji postupci moraju biti u skladu smanjenja i ublažavanja nastalih klimatskih oštećenja, a prvenstveno zaštite prirodnih životnih temelja. Različite znanstvene discipline imaju različit pristup problemu klimatskih promjena. Međutim, ono što im je objedinjujuća odlika jest zajednička točka interesa koja egzistira u čovjeku, čovječanstvu i u njihovoj egzistenciji. Poljoprivreda je ljudska egzistencijalna osnova koja je značajnim dijelom narušena upravo poljoprivredom. Ovaj paradoks proizlazi iz činjenice kako je poljoprivredna proizvodnja značajan onečišćivač okoliša, i značajan dionik u klimatskim promjenama. Posljedično, klimatskim promjenama dovodi se u pitanje osnovna ljudska egzistencijalna potreba, prehrana. Svaka projekcija daljnjega razvoja poljoprivrede, a posebice u dužem vremenskom razdoblju, nužno mora uključivati, pored ekoloških, ekonomskih, socioloških i klimatski čimbenik. Mogućih rješenja ima mnogo, a djelovanje po njima trebalo bi se odvijati u tri osnovna smjera/razine: stagnacija daljnje degradacije okoliša (prvenstveno atmosfere), ublažavanje uzroka klimatskih promjena i prilagodba utjecajima klimatskih promjena.
U radu se filozofskim izrazom svojstvenim istaknutim imenima filozofijske hermeneutike 20. stoljeća (Heidegger i Gadamer) promišlja smisao i značaj židovstva i na njega usko navezana hebrejskoga ...jezika prema uvidima biblijsko-teološkoga opusa Adalberta Rebića. Adalbert Rebić bio je tuzemni, glasoviti teolog, bibličar, poliglot, hebreist, sveučilišni profesor i rimokatolički svećenik. Užemu akademskomu, kao i širemu kulturnom krugu u matičnoj zemlji i izvan nje Adalbert Rebić ostao je zapamćen kao stručnjak za hebrejski jezik i židovstvo. Ljudi svakodnevice, mediji pamte ime Adalberta Rebića zahvaljujući njegovu nesebičnu angažmanu u području javnih službi u razdoblju ranih devedesetih godina 20. st. u Vladinu uredu za prognanike i izbjeglice RH. Desetke generacija studenata Katoličkoga bogoslovnoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu sjeća se trenutaka kada ih je Adalbert Rebić uvodio u tajne hebrejskoga jezika – jezika na kome se Bog obratio čovjeku; jezika koji je odigrao ključnu ulogu u razumijevanju povijesti spasenja i novozavjetne poruke uskrsnuća Isusova. A možda se najradije njegova imena sjećaju hodočasnici koje je Adalbert Rebić nebrojeno mnogo puta vodio u Svetu zemlju. Hebrejski jezik, židovstvo, Isusovo uskrsnuće, Sveta zemlja samo su neki među motivima i temama o kojima će biti riječi u sadržaju ovoga rada koji je koncepcijski podijeljen u tri dijela (premda metodološki obuhvaća šest dijelova): u prvome dijelu rada autorica se, služeći se samo pjesnicima svojstvenim načinom – metaforama, fokusira na razumijevanje Adalberta Rebića kao pisca pri čemu ključnu ulogu, kako autorica zapaža, ima njegov osobni identitet, tj. karakterna postojanost bjelodana u njegovim stručnim radovima. Drugi dio rada opsegom je najveći i njime su obuhvaćene teme jezika, klasifikacija djela Rebićeva opusa s naglaskom na problematiku hebrejskoga jezika i židovstva. Treća cjelina donosi autoričina osobna razmatranja rebićevski shvaćene ontologije jednoga hodočašćenja, odnosno sinopsis glavnih tema i motiva Vodiča po Svetoj zemlji, jer je to djelo, prema autoričinu osobnu mišljenju, uz Isusovo uskrsnuće ključno za razumijevanje Adalberta Rebića, njegova života, djela i rada.
In the philosophical expression of the prominent names of the philosophical hermeneutics of the 20th century (Heidegger and Gadamer) the paper discusses the meaning and significance of Judaism and the closely related Hebrew language in view of the insights of the biblical-theological work of Adalbert Rebić. Adalbert Rebić was a famous Croatian theologian, Bible scholar, polyglot, Hebraist, university professor, and Roman Catholic priest. In academic, as well as in wider cultural circles in the country and abroad, Adalbert Rebić is remembered as an expert on Hebrew language and Judaism. Everyday people and the media remember the name of Adalbert Rebić thanks to his selfless engagement in the field of public services in the early 1990s in the Government Office for Displaced Persons and Refugees. Dozens of generations of students at the Catholic Faculty of Theology at the University of Zagreb remember the moment when Adalbert Rebić »introduced them to the secrets of the Hebrew language« – the language in which God spoke to people; the language that played a key role in understanding the history of salvation and the New Testament message of Jesus’ resurrection. And, perhaps, his name is best remembered by pilgrims whom Adalbert Rebić had taken countless times to the Holy Land. The Hebrew language, Judaism, Jesus’ resurrection, and the Holy Land are just some of the motifs and themes that will be discussed in the content of this work, which is conceptually divided into three parts (though it methodologically includes six parts): in the first part of the work, in a way that is inherent only to poets – the author uses metaphors to focus on understanding Adalbert Rebić as a writer, where the key role, as the author observes, belongs to his personal identity, i.e. the character consistency manifested in all his expert works. The second and largest part of the paper covers the topics of language, the classification of Rebić’s works with emphasis on the issue of the Hebrew language and Judaism. The third part brings the author’s personal reflection on the »Rebićly« understood ontology of a pilgrimage, that is, the synopsis of main themes and motifs in the »Guide through Holy Land«, since this work, according to the author’s personal opinion, besides the »Resurrection of Jesus«, is crucial for understanding Adalbert Rebić, and his life and work.
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