Agricultural geography is one of the basic subjects of geography. However, the studies on this subject were mostly made in the early 20th century. Studies on agricultural geography have ...differentiated over time. This differentiation has not been the same as everywhere. In this study, standings in the background of a picture with the Anglo-Saxon farming, the nature and development of Turkey's agricultural geography are studied. Geography articles published in geographical periodical in Turkey are taken into account in the study. As a result, it is seen that, in time, Turkey has been diversification in agricultural geography thematically. Four different phases can be mentioned in the development of Turkish agricultural geography. These are start years, limited development period, beginning years of diversification, peak years of diversification.
Improving the quality of learning in the current 4.0 education era can be done through learning materials, one of which is monographs. According to their learning achievements, monographs can ...increase students' insights based on relevant literature studies and the latest research results following scientific developments. This monograph can support agriculture in Indonesia in the Agricultural Geography. It helps students in applicative ways to understand material related to the use of dryland, especially for students who live where the use of agricultural land is in the form of wetlands or swamps. This study aimed to develop a monograph of Lahan dan Petani as a learning material for agricultural geography using the Sadiman model. In this study, validation tests were carried out by material and media experts who are competent in their fields. The developed monograph was declared feasible as a reference book to support the Agricultural Geography course. It can contribute to education, especially in increasing students' knowledge contextually about dryland agriculture.
•Nutrient imbalances persist at multiple scales in modern US agriculture.•Manureshed management is a platform for coordination and weighing tradeoffs.•We mapped sources and sinks to understand the ...challenges and opportunities.•Sources vs. sinks split at 37˚N, pointing to options for national manureshed management.•Land use change and movement of animal farms affect regional manureshed management.
The uncoupling of animal and crop production has resulted in long-term accumulation of manure nutrients in many areas, contributing to nutrient pollution. Prudent recycling of manure's nutrient resources requires reconnecting operations that produce manure with agricultural lands in need of nutrients. Thus the need to frame manure management via “manuresheds": the land (i.e. cropland, rangeland) surrounding livestock production operations where nutrients can be recycled on agricultural lands while balancing goals for production, environmental quality, and quality of life. We explore manureshed management as an evolution of national, regional, and local trends in nutrient sources and sinks. Results of our temporal assessments highlight not only system inertia, but the dynamic nature of nutrient flows and the potential for manureshed management to reverse nutrient imbalances at various scales. As a tool for a circular economy, manureshed management requires coordination beyond the farmgate, engaging specialists, industries, and other stakeholders.
Uni-directional (a) and circular (b) models of nutrient flows in agriculture Display omitted .
‘Care farming’ (variously ‘green care in agriculture’, ‘farming for health’, ‘social farming’ and ‘therapeutic agriculture’) in the UK has grown rapidly over the last five years from the low base ...identified by preliminary scoping studies conducted at that time. In countries where the activity is most widely practised, the research focus has been primarily upon the care provided by farms, leaving a paucity of knowledge about the farms providing care. However, such care is ‘co-produced’, meaning that insights from both agricultural geography and the geographies of care deserve to be unified. In the British context, an agricultural perspective has seldom been applied; where done so, it has dismissed care farming as merely ‘hobby farming’ or conceptualised it as a minor economic activity helping to diversify the farm business and illustrating ‘multifunctionality’. Surprisingly little attention has been paid to either its relationship with productive ‘core’ farming activities or the consequences for farmers themselves. Using questionnaires and interviews, the express purpose of this paper is to identify and explicate the characteristics of care farms and farmers. Analysis reveals that it is not easy to pigeon-hole care farmers according to their age, motives, size of farm or land tenure. The paper moves on to discuss the transformative nature of care farming on the way in which farmers live their lives. In particular, symbiotic human–animal relations emerge regardless of whether livestock are kept as pets or commercial enterprises. Also revealed is the altruistic satisfaction of farmers as they provide ethical care and see positive changes in their service users. The paper concludes by suggesting how the multiple connections that are found to result from the interaction of agricultural practises and care provision might be more accurately conceptualised and articulated as ‘connective agriculture’.
•Care farming is an emerging phenomenon within the UK agricultural sector.•Care on farms is co-produced, transforming lives.•Care farming is congruent with farmers' cultural constructions of 'proper' farming.•Animal-human relationships are central to the therapeutic value of care farms.•Connective agriculture is suggested as a more fitting term for care farming.
Rural entrepreneurship has become an important research issue with great development potential in the face of intense socio-economic changes in rural areas. However, few significant studies cover ...this topic in Polish and foreign literature. In this article, the authors attempt to review and evaluate the current research on rural entrepreneurship emphasising the Polish literature and including geographical studies. The article describes and organises theoretical research achievements to date and offers a definition of rural entrepreneurship and the directions and prospects for further research.
Terroir is a concept referring interactions of natural (topography, lithology, climate, soil etc.) and human (economic conditions, traditions, cultivation practices, etc.) factors; therefore, terroir ...is spatially delimited and subjected to environmental, socio-economic, and temporal changes. The geoecological background of wine districts are considered more stable among them, but, because of its natural diversity and the spatial changes of production sites, changes in abiotic terroir components might occur too. In this study the spatial changes of grape production sites in Eger Wine District (Hungary) across two and a half centuries (1784 to 2018), and their consequences on the composition of the geoecological factors (lithology, topography, soil characteristics) were analyzed. Modernization of cultivation, urbanization and increase of builtup areas around the central settlement resulted in decreased concentration, i.e. increased spatial dispersion to more remote vineyards further from Eger. It also has consequences on the lithological and topographical composition of the production sites. Besides the slightly increasing extent of vineyards (from 5346 ha to 7413 ha) we found a distinct decrease of vineyards at higher elevations and a substantial increase at lower elevations. Distribution according to slope gradient changed also remarkably, with the share of vineyards on <5 % slopes from 38 % to 65 %. These changes resulted in transformations of pedological characteristics according to the comparison of vineyard’s extent with soil map data: vineyards shifted to slightly acidic, more fertile (i.e. deeper soil layer with higher organic carbon content) soils. The share of vineyards with different lithology and parent material also changed: loose, calcareous Tertiary sediments decreased almost to half, and the share of vineyards over acidic volcanics and their weathered regoliths almost doubled. Comparing these two dominant lithological types and soil profiles derived from them, different pedological characters and taxonomic status were found (Phaeozems and Vertisols). However, comparison of these two lithological types based on main topsoil characteristics (pH, SOC, carbonates, depth of fertile soil layer, N, P, K content) according to 25 randomly chosen surficial soil samples at production sites, showed no significant differences.. In the case of this particular wine district, spatial changes of the production sites affected mostly the distribution by elevation, by slope gradient, but did not alter significantly the surface soil character of the terroir.
Der Begriff Terroir steht im Weinbau für den originären Charakter eines Weinbauareals durch das Wirkungsgefüge naturräumlicher (Topografie, Lithologie, Klima, Boden usw.) und menschlichen (wirtschaftliche Bedingungen, Traditionen, Anbaupraktiken usw.) Faktoren. Das Terroir ist räumlich begrenzt, unterliegt aber ökologischen, sozioökonomischen und zeitlichen Veränderungen. Zwar gilt der geoökologische Hintergrund der Weinbaugebiete als relativ stabil, aber aufgrund der natürlichen Vielfalt und der räumlichen Veränderungen der Produktionsstandorte können auch Verschiebungen der abiotischen Terroirkomponenten auftreten. In dieser Studie wurden die räumlichen Veränderungen der Weinbauflächen im Weinbaugebiet Eger (Ungarn) über zweieinhalb Jahrhunderte (1784 bis 2018) und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Zusammensetzung der geoökologischen Faktoren (Lithologie, Topografie, Bodeneigenschaften) analysiert. Die Modernisierung des Anbaus, die Verstädterung und die Zunahme der bebauten Areale im zentralen Siedlungsbereich führten zu einer stärkeren räumlichen Streuung auf weiter entfernte Weinberge in der Nähe von Eger. Der Anteil der Weinberge mit unterschiedlicher Lithologie und unterschiedlichem Ausgangsmaterial hat sich dadurch verändert: lockere, kalkhaltige tertiäre Sedimente gingen fast auf die Hälfte zurück, und der Anteil der Weinberge über saurem Vulkangestein und dessen verwitterten Regolithen hat sich fast verdoppelt. Beim Vergleich dieser beiden vorherrschenden lithologischen Typen wurden unterschiedliche bodenkundliche Merkmale und ein unterschiedlicher taxonomischer Status festgestellt (Phäozeme und Vertisole). Ein Vergleich dieser beiden lithologischen Typen anhand der wichtigsten Oberbodenmerkmale (pH, SOC, Karbonate, Tiefe der fruchtbaren Bodenschicht, N-, P- und K-Gehalt) anhand von 25 zufällig ausgewählten oberflächlichen Bodenproben ergab allerdings keine signifikanten Unterschiede. Im Fall der untersuchten Weinbauregion wirkten sich räumliche Veränderungen der Produktionsstandorte vor allem auf die Verteilung nach Höhenlage und Hangneigung aus, veränderten aber nicht wesentlich den Charakter des Oberbodens.
This article reviews recent research into alternative systems of food provision. It considers, first, what the concept of`alternativeness' might mean, based on recent discussions in economic ...geography. Informed by this, it discusses food relocalization and the turn to `quality' food production, arguing that both are `weaker' alternative systems of food provision because of their emphasis on food. It then examines some `stronger' alternative systems of food provision, which emphasize the networks through which food passes. Lastly, the paper reflects on the concept of alternativeness in the context of food supply chains, and suggests some possible directions for future research.
Borderland regions in Southeast Asia have increasingly been reimagined as resource-rich, unexploited ‘wastelands’ targeted for large-scale development schemes for economic integration and control. ...Common and overlapping features of these regions are processes of resource extraction, agricultural expansion, population resettlement and securitization, and the confluence of these dynamic processes creates special frontier constellations. Through the case of the Indonesian-Malaysian borderlands, I explore how processes of frontier colonization through agricultural expansion have been a recurrent product of Indonesian development and security policies since the early 1960s. I argue that frontier development accelerates and intensifies when national discourses of security and sovereignty and state-led agrarian expansion intersect along national borders. The study generates new insights into how contemporary state-capitalist processes of agricultural expansion in the borderlands of Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia are justified through discourses of national sovereignty and notions of ‘untamed’ and ‘wild’ resource frontiers. I highlight the multiple meanings and notions associated with regions where resource frontiers and national borders interlock. The study offers an explanation of how frontiers as discursive constructs and material realities play out along national borders.
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