The synthesis of stereochemically pure oximes, amines, saturated and unsaturated cyanomethyl compounds, and methylaminomethyl compounds at the C9 position in 3-hydroxy-N-phenethyl-5-phenylmorphans ...provided μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists with varied efficacy and potency. One of the most interesting compounds, (2-((1S,5R,9R)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenethyl-2-azabicyclo3.3.1nonan-9-yl)acetonitrile), was found to be a potent partial MOR agonist (ECsub.50 = 2.5 nM, %Esub.max = 89.6%), as determined in the forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay. Others ranged in potency and efficacy at the MOR, from nanomolar potency with a C9 cyanomethyl compound (ECsub.50 = 0.85 nM) to its totally inactive diastereomer, and three compounds exhibited weak MOR antagonist activity (the primary amine 3, the secondary amine 8, and the cyanomethyl compound 41). Many of the compounds were fully efficacious; their efficacy and potency were affected by both the stereochemistry of the molecule and the specific C9 substituent. Most of the MOR agonists were selective in their receptor interactions, and only a few had δ-opioid receptor (DOR) or κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist activity. Only one compound, a C9-methylaminomethyl-substituted phenylmorphan, was moderately potent and fully efficacious as a KOR agonist (KOR ECsub.50 = 18 nM (% Esub.max = 103%)).
N-enriched porous carbons have played an important part in COsub.2 adsorption application thanks to their abundant porosity, high stability and tailorable surface properties while still suffering ...from a non-efficient and high-cost synthesis method. Herein, a series of N-doped porous carbons were prepared by a facile one-pot KOH activating strategy from commercial urea formaldehyde resin (UF). The textural properties and nitrogen content of the N-doped carbons were carefully controlled by the activating temperature and KOH/UF mass ratios. As-prepared N-doped carbons show 3D block-shaped morphology, the BET surface area of up to 980 msup.2/g together with a pore volume of 0.52 cmsup.3/g and N content of 23.51 wt%. The optimal adsorbent (UFK-600-0.2) presents a high COsub.2 uptake capacity of 4.03 mmol/g at 0 °C and 1 bar. Moreover, as-prepared N-doped carbon adsorbents show moderate isosteric heat of adsorption (43-53 kJ/mol), acceptable ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) selectivity of 35 and outstanding recycling performance. It has been pointed out that while the COsub.2 uptake was mostly dependent on the textural feature, the N content of carbon also plays a critical role to define the COsub.2 adsorption performance. The present study delivers favorable N-doped carbon for COsub.2 uptake and provides a promising strategy for the design and synthesis of the carbon adsorbents.
In this study, we outline the eco-friendly mechanosynthesis of N-(2,2-diphenylethyl)-4-nitrobenzamide by reacting 2,2-diphenylethan-1-amine with 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride. The resulting bio-functional ...hybrid compound was meticulously characterized through the analysis of sup.1H-, sup.13C-NMR, UV, and detailed mass spectral analysis.
Selective Hsub.2 evolution and COsub.2 absorption in several ethanolamine aqueous solutions are comparatively investigated using a new electrolysis reactor. Hsub.2 bubbles are generated from a ...cathode in any ethanolamine electrolyte, and its experimental gas evolution rates are correlated by Faraday’s first rule. No or smaller amounts of COsub.2 and Nsub.2 bubbles than stoichiometric ones are generated on an anode through the reaction between hydroxide ions and ethanolamine ones. No CO or Osub.2 is observed in the system exhaust, and most of the COsub.2, along with Nsub.2, is still absorbed in ethanolamine aqueous solutions with the addition of KOH and/or HCOOH under high pH conditions. Variations of the concentrations of coexisting ions dissolved in the electrolytes of mono- or tri-ethanolamine (MEA or TEA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) solutions with COsub.2 absorption are calculated using the equilibrium constants to relate the concentrations of solute ions. Electric resistivities of the ethanolamine aqueous solutions are correlated by the pH value and are analyzed in terms of equilibrium constants among the concentrations of coexisting ions. Conditions of the MEA electrolyte to achieve high-performance electrolysis is discussed for selective Hsub.2 generation.
In the quest for net zero carbon emissions by 2050, Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is indispensable. The development of more efficient COsub.2 capture processes is essential. ...High-frequency ultrasonic irradiation is an emerging, intensified technique that can enhance the COsub.2 absorption process. To advance this technology toward commercialization, it is crucial to conduct a thorough economic analysis to allow the identification of the key cost component. While equipment sizing is essential in this economic assessment, there is a lack of numerical models for estimating the size and power consumption of ultrasonic absorbers. This study introduces a numerical model for these predictions. The model was then used to determine the economic feasibility of this emerging technique against the packed bed columns based on capital expenditure (CAPEX), operational expenditure (OPEX), and unit technical cost (UTC) for 20 years of plant operation. According to the economic analysis, ultrasonic intensification requires 34% less CAPEX due to its compact design. Although its OPEX is 11% higher due to the additional electricity needed for the ultrasonic transducers, the UTC is still 3% lower than the conventional packed bed column, demonstrating a potential cost savings in implementing the ultrasonic irradiation-assisted technique during the COsub.2 absorption process offshore.
Quinones are common stoichiometric reagents in organic chemistry. Para‐quinones with high reduction potentials, such as DDQ and chloranil, are widely used and typically promote hydride ion. In recent ...years, many catalytic applications of these methods have been achieved by using transition metals, electrochemistry, or O2 to regenerate the oxidized quinone in situ. Complementary studies have led to the development of a different class of quinones that resemble the ortho‐quinone cofactors in copper amine oxidases and mediate the efficient and selective aerobic and/or electrochemical dehydrogenation of amines. The latter reactions typically proceed by electrophilic transamination and/or addition‐elimination reaction mechanisms, rather than hydride ion pathways. The collective observations show that the quinone structure has a significant influence on the reaction mechanism and has important implications for the development of new quinone reagents and quinone‐catalyzed transformations.
Quinones are highly useful reagents for the dehydrogenation and oxidative functionalization of organic molecules, but they are often used in stoichiometric quantities. This Review highlights recent advances in quinone‐catalyzed reactions wherein the reduced quinone is regenerated by a more‐desirable stoichiometric oxidant. In many cases, O2 is capable of serving as the terminal oxidant (see scheme; Sub=substrate).
Two different amines as complexing agents were used in a two-step sol-gel method to prepare TiO(2) nanoparticles. The effect of amines on the size of the TiO(2) nanocrystals and its influence on the ...performance of corresponding dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were investigated. It is shown that using a tertiary long chained monoamine as a complexing agent is beneficial in two ways; one is producing the particles with smaller size and the other is slightly sticking the particles in order to have a film with higher reflectivity which both is beneficial to photovoltaic performance. The obtained products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The overall conversion efficiency of the long-chain-based DSSC (5.04%) appeared to be 45% higher than that obtained for the tertiary short-chain diamine.
This work is focused on the application of lanthanide-free perovskite Basub.1−xSrsub.xTiOsub.3 (0 < x < 1) in valorization of toxic pollutants as 4-nitrophenol (4-NPh). The series of perovskites were ...fabricated by facile, one-step solid-state preparation method and characterized via various techniques: elemental analysis (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry, ICP-OES), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and dielectric properties (impedance spectroscopy, IS). The methods confirmed the assumed composition, structure and high purity of the materials. The results showed that substitution of Basup.2+ by Srsup.2+ in the perovskite crystal lattice influenced the dielectric properties of samples and the size of the grains. The absorption and catalytic properties of Basub.(1−x)Srsub.xTiOsub.3 (0 < x < 1) series were evaluated in reduction of 4-NPh in water using NaBHsub.4 as reducing agent. No adsorption of 4-NPh was found for all the materials during 180 min of contact (experiment without reducing agent), and the best catalytic performance was found for the Basub.(1−x)Srsub.xTiOsub.3 (x = 0.3) sample. The catalytic transformation of 4-NPh to 4-APh follows a pseudo-first-order model, and the catalysts can be easily regenerated via mild annealing (300 °C).
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