The article contains a clarification of the difference between »expanded interpretation« and »analogy« in criminal law. Doubt about the terms is raised by newer Danish literature stating that ...expanded interpretation is similar to analogy. In the article it is argued that a large difference exists between the two terms and that it is a slippery road in the context of legal rights to let analogy be included in the term expanded interpretation.
Pembuahan ganda merupakan materi yang abstrak dipahami oleh siswa sehingga mereka merasa sulit untuk memahaminya. Di Jawa Tengah terdapat tradisi temu manten yang dari segi konsep memiliki kemiripan ...dengan pembuahan ganda. Oleh karena antara dua konsep ini bisa diterapkan dalam satu pembelajaran yaitu pembelajaran analogi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran analogi temu manten pada pembuahan ganda terhadap pemahaman siswa kelas IX SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Todanan di Kabupaten Blora. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa non- equivallen control group desain. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data berupa metode test. Penelitian ini diterapkan pada dua kelas yaitu kelas 9A sebagai kelas kontrol sedangkan kelas 9B sebagai kelas eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai pemahaman kelas eksperimen dengan pembelajaran analogi temu manten pada pembuahan ganda lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. Hal ini terjadi karena pembelajaran analogi menjadi jembatan bagi siswa untuk memahami materi target berupa pembuahan ganda dengan menggunakan analogi temu manten. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu pembelajaran analogi temu manten pada pembuahan ganda berpengaruh terhadap pemahaman siswa.
This research is a quantitative research with cross-sectional design that aims to examine the association between students 'mathematical analogy abilities with students' mathematical communication ...abilities. The subject of this research is 33 students of class VII in one of Junior High School of Kampar Regency of Riau Province. The instrument used is a essay test about the problem of mathematical analogy and mathematical communication. Data analysis techniques to test the association of both capabilities based on the category of contingency association test (Pearson Chi Square test and contingency coefficient). The results showed that this study was an association between students' mathematical analogy abilities with students' mathematical communication abilities. The degree of association between students 'mathematical analogy abilities with students 'mathematical communication abilities is high.
Pembelajaran bermakna perlu diimplementasikan oleh setiap pendidik pada setiap materi pembelajaran, terlebih materi pembelajaran yang abstrak. Salah satu inovasinya menggunakan pendekatan analogi. ...Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan kekuatan analogi sebagai pendekatan untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang bermakna. Berdasarkan hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pendekatan analogi merupakan proses penalaran yang membandingkan dua buah obyek yang memiliki kesamaan untuk menghasilkan pengetahuan baru berdasarkan pengetahuan yang telah dimiliki peserta didik. Kekuatan analogi tidak terbatas untuk materi berupa konsep saja, melainkan jenis materi proses maupun struktur. Lebih dari itu, penggunaan analogi dalam pembelajaran menyebabkan peserta didik sulit melupakan konsep yang sudah terpatri di otak mereka.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah terdapat perbedaan kemampuan penalaran analogi mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran creative problem solving (CPS) dan model ...pembelajaran konvensional. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 62 orang mahasiswa semester 7 dengan 32 orang kelas eksperimen dan 30 orang kelas kontrol. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian kelompok kontrol non-ekuivalen. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan cluster random sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan soal tes uraian kemampuan penalaran analogi matematis. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa adanya perbedaan penalaran analogi mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan model creative probelem solving (CPS) dan model pembelajaran konvensional. Hasil perbedaan ini dapat terlihat dari rata-rata postes kemampuan penalaran analogi mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan creative problem solving (CPS) sebesar 75,12 dan rata-rata post-test kemampuan penalaran analogi mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan model konvensional sebesar 63,70. Abstract: This study aims to analyze whether there are differences in mathematical analogy reasoning abilities of students who are taught with creative problem solving (CPS) learning models and conventional learning models. The subjects of this study were 62 7th semester students with 32 experimental classes and 30 control classes. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group research design. Determination of the sample is done using cluster random sampling techniques in seventh semester students. Data collection after treatment is carried out using a mathematical analytical reasoning ability test. The results revealed that there were differences in mathematical analogy reasoning abilities of students who were taught with creative problem solving (CPS) models and conventional learning models. This can be seen from the average value (posttest) tests of analogical reasoning ability of students taught by the creative problem solving (CPS) model of 75,12 and the average value of the results of mathematical reasoning ability tests of students taught with conventional models of 63,70.
Human beings are mysterious. Although various studies about humans have been conducted, they fail to totally comprehend them. Therefore, studies about humans are always interesting topics, especially ...if they attempt to reveal non-physical aspects of humans. One way to look at this neglected aspect is to study spiritual dimensions of humans. Base on their explorations to the Qur’an and hadith, Muslim scholars propose a theory of three cosmos: macrocosmos, microcosmos and metacosmos. Macrocosmos represents the Universe. Microcosmos is human beings and metacosmos is concerned with Allah. These are three cosmologies that Muslims have to find from the scriptural texts so they can understand the central role of human beings in preserving balanced relationships among these three worlds. The Qur’an, for example, gives allegories and signs that Muslims must explore their deep meanings to gain wisdom and get closer to the Creator.
Analogy reasoning ability is the ability of students to connect two problems. Students' ability to overcome problems can be seen from Adversity quotient (AQ), one type of AQ is the climber. This ...study aims to identify the analogy reasoning of climber type students. The instruments used in this study were test questions and interviews. The results of this study in solving the problem of climber type students try hard to identify important information in the problem, determine the problem solving strategy based on similarity relationships to solve the problem between two problems and apply in solving problems to find problem solving.Abstrak: Kemampuan penalaran analogi merupakan kemampuan siswa dalam menghubungkan dua masalah. Kemampuan siswa dalam mengatasi masalah dapat dilihat dari Adversity quotient (AQ), salah satu tipe dari AQ adalah climber. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penalaran analogi siswa tipe climber. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah soal tes dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini dalam menyelesaikan masalah siswa tipe climber berusaha keras mengidentifikasi informasi penting dalam masalah, menentukan strategi penyelesaian masalah berdasarkan hubungan kemiripan penyelesaian masalah antara dua masalah, serta menerapkan dalam penyelesaian masalah hingga menemukan penyelesaian masalah.
A PLC based simulator has been assembled for controlling road traffic at ship line crossings. The objectives of this study include (i) assembling a miniature bridge body, a lift-drop back mechanism ...for highway traffic at ship crossings, and an operating system based on a programmable logic controller (PLC) and (ii) measuring the performance of the operating system through its presence input-output signal. Assembly with the following stages: (i) implementation of miniature bridge construction; (ii) selection and placement of sensors; (iii) installation of pumps for hydraulic systems; (iv) installation of servo motor assisted latches; (v) installation of traffic control lights and indicators; and (vi) manufacture of operation panels, wiring, and installation of PLC systems. Mitsubishi PLC system programming is based on compiling algorithms and ladder diagrams with GX Works-2 32 bit. Performance measurement includes (i) when synchronization between the operating system and control on the PLC in the form of input from the operation panel and sensors on the input line are processed in the PLC program to produce an output in the form of appropriate and precise control, (ii) when the sensors installed in the system operation has functioned as programmed into the PLC, and (iii) during the process of lifting and lowering the miniature of the bridge body, there is a time difference of 26 seconds with the condition that the lifting time is longer than the time of lowering the miniature bridge body. The general conclusion is that the miniature of the bridge body and the operating system that has been built can be used as a simulator for the existence of a bridge that can be lifted and lowered again as a highway traffic lane at a ship crossing.
The aim of the study was to describe the process of reasoning analogy of students impulsive in solving problems in constructing build arches. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study ...using Sternberg's stage. The subjects in this study were three students of class X. The instruments used were MFFT, TKM, TPABRSL, and interview guidelines. The results of indicate that impulsive students are highly capable and are able to pass the encoding and inferring stages. However, students who are capable are not doing the mapping and applying stages correctly. Whereas low-ability impulsive students cannot pass all stages. Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah menggambarkan proses penalaran analogi siswa impulsif dalam memecahkan masalah bangun ruang sisi lengkung. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan tahapan penalaran analogi menurut Sternberg. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga siswa kelas X. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes MFFT, tes kemampuan matematika, tes penalaran analogi bangun ruang sisi lengkung (TPABRSL) dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil dari TPABRSL menunjukkan bahwa siswa impulsif berkemampuan tinggi dan sedang mampu melewati tahap encoding dan inferring. Akan tetapi, siswa berkemampuan sedang tidak melakukan tahap mapping dan tahap applying dengan benar, sedangkan siswa impulsif berkemampuan rendah tidak mampu melewati seluruh tahapan.
Abstract: This research aims to see differences in students' conceptual understanding of the reaction rate material as the result of LC 5E-Analogy learning model. LC 5E-Analogy is related to double ...coding theory, information received by learner is obtained through one of two channels, where LC 5E is expected to facilitate students to obtain information from the enggament phase to the elaboration phase, while the analogy is expected to visualize the submicroscopic aspect, so as to improve understanding of concepts students. This study uses a reasoned multiple choice test instrument that has 91% content validity with a very good category and a reliability coefficient of 0.799 in the high category. The research was conducted in two classes of XI Science at SMAN 9 Malang. Analysis of the data using the Man Whitney U Test, and the Effect Size test to see the meaning of differences in understanding of students' concepts. The results showed that there were differences students understanding in both research classes, where the difference in the values of the two classes (Sig.2-tailed 0.002) and the Effect Size (d = 0.74).
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi laju reaksi sebagai hasil penerapan model pembelajaran LC 5E-Analogi. Pemahaman konsep diperlukan siswa untuk memahami materi laju reaksi, sehingga siswa dapat menjelaskan fenomena serta penerapan laju reaksi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. LC 5E-Analogi berdasarkan theory double coding yaitu informasi yang diterima seseorang diperoleh melalui salah satu dari dua channel, dimana LC 5E diharapkan dapat memudahkan siswa memperoleh informasi dari fase enggament hingga fase elaboration, sedangkan analogi diharapkan dapat memvisualisasikan aspek submikroskopik sehingga meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrument tes pilihan ganda beralasan yang memiliki validitas isi 91% dengan kategori sangat baik dan koefisien reliabilitas 0,799 dengan kategori tinggi. Sampel penelitian terhadap dua kelas yang diambil dari keseluruhan kelas XI IPA di SMAN 9 Malang. Analisa data menggunakaan Man Whitney U Test, serta uji Effect Size untuk melihat kebermaknaan perbedaan pemahaman konsep siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan pemahaman konsep siswa pada kedua kelas penelitian, dimana nilai perbedaan kedua kelas (Sig.2-tailed 0,002) dan nilai Effect Size (d= 0,74) dengan kriteria sedang.
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