A new means for assessing analytical protocols relating to green analytical chemistry attributes has been developed. The new tool, called GAPI (Green Analytical Procedure Index), evaluates the green ...character of an entire analytical methodology, from sample collection to final determination, and was created using such tools as the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) or Analytical Eco-Scale to provide not only general but also qualitative information. In GAPI, a specific symbol with five pentagrams can be used to evaluate and quantify the environmental impact involved in each step of an analytical methodology, mainly from green through yellow to red depicting low, medium to high impact, respectively. The proposed tool was used to evaluate analytical procedures applied in the determination of biogenic amines in wine samples, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon determination by EPA methods. GAPI tool not only provides an immediately perceptible perspective to the user/reader but also offers exhaustive information on evaluated procedures.
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•The new tool for assessment of green character of analytical procedure is introduced.•Green Analytical Procedure Index presents information on whole analytical procedure.•The visual presentation of GAPI allows for an at-a-glance comparison of several methods.•The proposed GAPI can be a good semi-quantitative tool for laboratory practice and educational purposes.•GAPI clearly and evidently indicates the weakest points in analytical procedures.
The electrochemical reduction of complexes Fe2(CO)4(k2‐phen)(μ‐xdt) (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline ; xdt = pdt (1), adtiPr (2)) in MeCN‐Bu4NPF6 0.2 M is described as a two‐reduction process. DFT ...calculations show that 1 and its reduced form 1‐ display metal‐ and phenanthroline‐centered frontier orbitals (LUMO and SOMO) indicating the non‐innocence of the phenanthroline ligand. Two energetically close geometries were found for the doubly reduced species suggesting an intriguing influence of the phenanthroline ligand leading to the cleavage of a Fe‐S bond as proposed generally for this type of complex or retaining the electron density and avoiding Fe‐S cleavage. Extension of calculations to other complexes with edt, adtiPr bridge and even virtual species Fe2(CO)4(k2‐phen)(μ‐adtR) (R = CH(CF3)2, H) or Fe2(CO)4(k2‐phen)(μ‐pdtR) (R = CH(CF3)2, iPr) showed that the relative stability between both two‐electron‐reduced isomers depends on the nature of the bridge and the possibility to establish a remote anagostic interaction between the iron centre {Fe(CO)3} and the group carried by the bridged‐head atom of the dithiolate group.
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