Tea and coffee contain numerous polyphenolic compounds that exhibit health-promoting properties for humans, including antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, and can also take part in the ...treatment of covid-19 and improve fertility. This review, presents the activity of polyphenols found in different types of tea and coffee and describes the effects of tea fermentation and coffee roasting on their polyphenol composition and antioxidant properties. Polyphenol oxidase activity is reduced in the fermentation process; therefore black tea contains significantly less polyphenolic compounds compared to green and white tea. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate - a polyphenol from tea - effectively has been shown to inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 as it blocked binding of coronavirus 2 to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2, decreased the expression of inflammatory factors in the blood, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, and significantly increased the overall fertilization efficiency in animals. Coffee roasting process influences both the content of polyphenols and the oxidative activity. The lowest levels of active compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acid and coffee acids are identified in roasted coffee beans. On the other hand, light coffee and green coffee show the strongest cytotoxic potential and antioxidant properties, and thus the greatest ability to decrease apoptosis by stopping the cell cycle in the S phase. Proteins, such as components of milk, can strongly bind/interact with phenolic compounds (especially, the CGAs) contain in coffee, which may explain the negative influence of milk on its antioxidant properties. Coffee polyphenols have also antiproliferative and antiesterase activities, which may be important in prevention of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, respectively. In this review, biological properties of tea and coffee polyphenols, observed mainly in in vitro studies have been described. Based on these findings, future directions of the research works on these compounds have been suggested.
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•Polyphenols may prevent human infection of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).•EGCG and theaflavin effectively inhibit 3CL protease and block viral replication.•Green tea polyphenols have good antioxidant effects, which can improve fertility.•Tea and coffee have good anticancer and neuroprotective properties in vitro.•Milk may block coffee polyphenols and decrease their antioxidative properties.
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•B-phycoerythrin production by Porphyridium cruentum was optimized using Box-Behnken design.•Bioactive films were prepared by incorporating B-phycoerythrin extracts into ...gelatin–alginate dispersions.•Films with B-phycoerythrin showed high swelling index and water solubility and low moisture content.•Crystallinity and antioxidant capacity of the films increased proportionally with B-phycoerythrin content.•Films supplemented with B-phycoerythrin revealed complete biodegradability after 10 days of burial in soil.
In this study, films were developed combining gelatin-sodium alginate with an aqueous extract of B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) derived from Porphyridium cruentum (45, 67.5, and 90 µg/mL). Firstly, the production conditions of B-PE by the red microalgae were optimized using response surface methodology applied to culture medium composition prior to examining its antioxidant activities. The optimized process yielded a maximum amount of B-PE equal to 4.16 ± 0.24 % of dry matter using an F/2 culture medium supplemented with NaCl = 17 g/L; MgCl2·6H2O = 2.6 g/L and KH2PO4 = 0 g/L. B-PE extracts demonstrated in vitro antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its DPPH radical scavenging capacity, ABTS radical inhibition, and substantial reducing power. B-PE incorporation in gelatin-sodium alginate films resulted in a notable increase in the swelling index and water solubility, and a significant decrease in the moisture content. In addition, when added to gelatin-sodium alginate films, B-PE extracts enhanced ΔE* values and have positive influence on the crystallinity of the developed films as revealed by X‑ray diffraction analysis. Regarding microstructure, films incorporating B-PE extracts exhibited a homogenous structure with a slightly rough surface. Furthermore, these films demonstrated complete biodegradability after 10 days of burial in soil. The current investigation suggested that gelatin-sodium alginate films incorporating B-phycoerythrin obtained from Porphyridium cruentum UTEX 161 could be used as a promising colored functional packaging for food products.
The germination, seedling vigor, crop establishment and yield of agronomically important crops is negatively affected by soil salinity. The current study aimed to investigate the ability of exogenous ...fertigation by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to induce salt tolerance in four high yielding wheat cultivars (Sahar-06, Punjab-11, Millat-11 and Galaxy-13) that differ in their response to salt stress in terms of biomass production, oxidative defense mechanisms and grain yield. Three levels of SNP (0, 0.1 and 0.2 mM) were used for seed soaking. During soaking the seeds were kept in the dark. After soaking for 12 h the seeds were air-dried for 5 h before sowing. Salinity caused a significant reduction in biomass and grain yield, while it increased proline (Pro), ascorbic acid (AsA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Cultivar Sahar-06 and Galaxy-13 were found more tolerant to salinity based on shoot length root fresh and dry wights, 100 grain weight, decreased MDA and H2O2 accumulation, phenolic and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents, accumulation of proline, activities of SOD, POD and CAT as compared to the other cultivars. Seed priming with SNP was effective in reducing the adverse effects of salt stress induced oxidative stress on plant biomass and grain yield in all the studied wheat cultivars, but maximum amelioration of salt stress tolerance by SNP treatment was found in cv. Sahar-06. The increased salt tolerance in wheat plants by SNP seed priming might be due to the role of NO in improving seed vigor and germination and early establishment of seedlings with better growth. 0.1 mM SNP was found the most effective in improving salt tolerance, as compared to other SNP concentations. Exogenous SNP fertigation increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the contents of AsA, Pro and total phenolics content (TPC) in the salt stressed wheat plants. Our data indicate that SNP-priming induced salt tolerance by up-regulating the antioxidative defense mechanisms resulting in better biomass production and grain yield.
•SNP seed priming improved the salt stress tolerance of wheat plants.•Seed yield of wheat plants increased significantly due to SNP seed priming.•Antioxidative defence mechanism improved due to seed priming.•Yield increment was associated with improved oxidative defence mechanism due to SNP priming.•Response of SNP priming with improved stress tolerance was cultivar specific.
Enzyme-assisted extraction of phenolics was performed from commercial broom, and GK Emese and Farmsugro 180 hybrid sorghum grain residues with cellulolytic and esterolytic cocktails of Rhizomucor ...miehei NRRL 5282, Gilbertella persicaria SZMC 11086 and Mucor corticolus SZMC 12031 fungi. Results showed an increasing tendency for total phenolic content (TPC) during incubation that was in a positive relation with total flavonoid content (TFC) for most treatments. Best TPC and TFC yields were obtained on broom sorghum with maximal values of 256.9 ± 11.7 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry matter (DM) and 159.4 ± 6.8 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g DM, respectively, achieved during R. miehei enzyme treatment. Reducing power and radical scavenging activity assays demonstrated improved antioxidant activity for most treated samples that was in positive correlation (0.942 ≥ r ≥ 0.522) with the TPC and TFC variables. Chromatography analysis revealed hydroxybenzoates, i.e., protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids, as major phenolics with yields ranging from 5.40 ± 0.57 to 132.85 ± 14.21 μg/g DM, but the content of hydroxycinnamates increased to a greater extent during the treatments. The enzyme treatments can be reliable methods for enriching phenolic antioxidants in sorghum substances utilizable in gluten-free food products.
•Cellulase/esterase cocktails were produced in wheat bran-based SSF from fungi.•Enzyme cocktails improved the free phenolic content of sorghum grain residues.•Enzyme treatment positively affected the antioxidant capacity of sorghum residues.•Hydroxybenzoates were the major phenolic compounds in sorghum extracts.•Enzyme treatment increased the hydroxycinnamate yield in great extent.
Introduction: The current healthcare system is insufficient to deal with the global impact of rising diabetes, necessitating the development of better alternatives, such as plant-derived natural ...compounds, to improve glucose tolerance. Therefore, the present study evaluated the phytoconstituents of the aqueous leaf and rhizome extracts of an unnoticed plant species, Kaempferia pulchra. In addition, the in vitro anti-hyperglycemic efficacy and antioxidant activities of the derived terpenoid fraction from the plant extracts were also assessed. Methods: The aqueous extracts of K. pulchra leaves and rhizomes were screened for phytoconstituents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Colorimetric techniques were used to determine the terpenoid fraction’s total phenolic and flavonoid content. Terpenoids’ in vitro antioxidant properties were examined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (RSA) and ferric reducing power assay, proceeded by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests, and anti-hyperglycemic potential was determined utilizing the terpenoid’s fraction. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that the terpenoids obtained from the leaf had the highest total phenol and flavonoid content. Both leaf and rhizome extracts had modest antioxidant capacities compared to ascorbic acid. Similarly, the rhizome extract had significantly higher α-amylase inhibitory activity than the standard acarbose (P < 0.05). Overall, the rhizome extract of K. pulchra outperformed the leaf extract in terms of antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. Conclusion: Kaempferia pulchra is a natural source of terpenoids with several therapeutic qualities, especially for managing diabetes. However, further research is needed to validate some of the claims ascribed to this plant.
•Novel unsubstituted and N-substituted imidazo4,5-bpyridine derived acrylonitriles were prepared.•Antioxidant potential evaluated by DPPH and ABST assays, FRAP method and electrochemical oxidation ...potential measurements.•The effect of substituents and solvent polarity on antioxidant features evaluated and interpreted.•Most derivatives display significantly improved antioxidant activity relative to the standard BHT system.•DFT calculations show that investigated antioxidant properties rely on the H-atom transfer.
We describe the synthesis of novel unsubstituted and N-substituted imidazo4,5-bpyridine derived acrylonitriles, which were prepared by classical and microwave assisted organic synthesis. Their antioxidative potential was studied using spectroscopic DPPH and ABTS assays, FRAP method and electrochemical oxidation potential measurements. Targeted acrylonitriles were designed in order to study the influence of the methoxy, N,N-dimethylamino and N,N-diethylamino substituents on the antioxidative activity as well as the type of the substituent placed on the N-atom of the imidazo4,5-bpyridine nuclei. The most active derivatives with significantly improved activity relative to the standard BHT, were systems substituted with the N,N-(CH3)2 group 29 and the N,N-(CH2CH3)2 group at the para position of the phenyl ring 24, 30, 32 and 34. Computational analysis revealed that investigated antioxidative features are predominantly relying on the hydrogen atom transfer properties and can be efficiently enhanced through either the N-alkylation of the imidazole nitrogen or by introducing electron-donating substituents on the distant phenyl unit, where N,N-dialkylamines prevail over methoxy groups. Absorption spectra of chosen compounds were recorded in several organic solvents to further reveal the impact of the substituent effects and solvent polarity on spectroscopic features.
Kombucha beverage is a fermented product obtained by kombucha culture fermentation of, usually, black or green tea. Besides black and green tea, kombucha also ferments water extracts of medicinal ...herbs. The obtained products possess antioxidant activity. The aim of this paper was to establish the antioxidant potential of kombucha beverages with black tea, green tea, and medicinal herbs after pepsin and pancreatin in vitro digestion. The radical scavenging ability of DPPH and hydroxyl radical, as well as reducing power of kombucha products was determined. At the end of the digestion process, the highest antioxidant potential towards hydroxyl radical showed only kombucha beverages with peppermint and stinging nettle extract. Results for reducing power and antioxidant capacity to scavenging DPPH radical showed a decrease in values after the digestion process.
Plants produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites that serve as defense compounds against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, their potential curative attributes in ...addressing various human diseases render them valuable in the development of pharmaceutical drugs. Different secondary metabolites including phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids have been investigated for their antioxidant and therapeutic potential. A vast number of studies evaluated the specific compounds that possess crucial medicinal properties (such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, and antibacterial), their mechanisms of action, and potential applications in pharmacology and medicine. Therefore, an attempt has been made to characterize the secondary metabolites studied in medicinal plants, a brief overview of their biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of action along with their signaling pathways by which they regulate various oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, the biotechnological approaches employed to enhance their production have also been discussed. The outcome of the present review will lead to the development of novel and effective phytomedicines in the treatment of various ailments.
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•Classification and biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites.•Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of major groups of secondary metabolites.•Metal chelation and Nrf2, NF-κB signaling to regulate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways.•Culinary-based medicines are effective against diseases like cardiovascular, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease.•Biotechnological approaches to enhance the production of useful secondary metabolites.
•Technological process changes the antioxidant potential of vegetables.•Changes in the antioxidant potential are also related to the type of vegetables.•The results are closely related to the type of ...research methodology.
The study determines the antioxidant properties of methanol vegetable extracts from raw vegetables, conventionally cooked vegetables and sous-vide. In the research, two methods were used: free radical scavenging DPPH (µM Trolox) and the reduction of Fe3+to Fe2+ – FRAP (µM Fe2+). Antioxidative properties for raw vegetables were obtained with the range of 7.47–235 (µM Trolox/100g of vegetables) and 2.66–103 (µM Fe2+/100g of vegetables), for vegetables after the conventional cooking process 6.15–657 (µM Trolox/100g of vegetables) and 3.03–99.9 (µM Fe2+/100g of vegetables), for vegetables after the sous-vide process 4.45–648 (µM Trolox/100g of vegetables) and 3.06–99.9 (µM Fe2+/100g of vegetables). For some vegetables, an increase in the antioxidative potential was observed as a result of cooking processes; however, it was much higher for the sous-vide technique. All results were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and, if significant differences were revealed, the POST-HOC Duncan test was used (α=0.05).
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