The CIECAM02 color‐appearance model enjoys popularity in scientific research and industrial applications since it was recommended by the CIE in 2002. However, it has been found that computational ...failures can occur in certain cases such as during the image processing of cross‐media color reproduction applications. Some proposals have been developed to repair the CIECAM02 model. However, all the proposals developed have the same structure as the original CIECAM02 model and solve the problems concerned at the expense of losing accuracy of predicted visual data compared with the original model. In this article, the structure of the CIECAM02 model is changed and the color and luminance adaptations to the illuminant are completed in the same space rather than in two different spaces, as in the original CIECAM02 model. It has been found that the new model (named CAM16) not only overcomes the previous problems, but also the performance in predicting the visual results is as good as if not better than that of the original CIECAM02 model. Furthermore the new CAM16 model is simpler than the original CIECAM02 model. In addition, if considering only chromatic adaptation, a new transformation, CAT16, is proposed to replace the previous CAT02 transformation. Finally, the new CAM16‐UCS uniform color space is proposed to replace the previous CAM02‐UCS space. A new complete solution for color‐appearance prediction and color‐difference evaluation can now be offered.
To be fat hasn't always occasioned the level of hysteria that this condition receives today and indeed was once considered an admirable trait. Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in American Culture ...explores this arc, from veneration to shame, examining the historic roots of our contemporary anxiety about fatness. Tracing the cultural denigration of fatness to the mid 19th century, Amy Farrell argues that the stigma associated with a fat body preceded any health concerns about a large body size. Firmly in place by the time the diet industry began to flourish in the 1920s, the development of fat stigma was related not only to cultural anxieties that emerged during the modern period related to consumer excess, but, even more profoundly, to prevailing ideas about race, civilization and evolution. For 19th and early 20th century thinkers, fatness was a key marker of inferiority, of an uncivilized, barbaric, and primitive body. This idea--that fatness is a sign of a primitive person--endures today, fueling both our $60 billion war on fat and our cultural distress over the obesity epidemic. Farrell draws on a wide array of sources, including political cartoons, popular literature, postcards, advertisements, and physicians' manuals, to explore the link between our historic denigration of fatness and our contemporary concern over obesity. Her work sheds particular light on feminisms' fraught relationship to fatness. From the white suffragists of the early 20th century to contemporary public figures like Oprah Winfrey, Monica Lewinsky, and even the Obama family, Farrell explores the ways that those who seek to shed stigmatized identities--whether of gender, race, ethnicity or class--often take part in weight reduction schemes and fat mockery in order to validate themselves as civilized. In sharp contrast to these narratives of fat shame are the ideas of contemporary fat activists, whose articulation of a new vision of the body Farrell explores in depth. This book is significant for anyone concerned about the contemporary war on fat and the ways that notions of the civilized body continue to legitimate discrimination and cultural oppression.
Online behaviors, especially those concerning appearance preoccupation, have been related to poorer mental health, but early risk factors for online appearance preoccupation are not well understood. ...In this study, data were collected in the first years of adolescence (age 10–13 years) to investigate correlates of later online appearance preoccupation (ages 15–18 years). Drawing data from a longitudinal study, 261 Australian adolescents (48% male; Mage = 12.0, SD = 0.89) completed surveys to report on social pressures, personal beliefs and attitudes, and body change and eating behaviors at the start of the study (when age 10 to 13). They also reported their online appearance preoccupation (appearance comparison/presentation, and appearance-related activity) five years later at age 15 to 18. Results demonstrated that the most prominent risks for online appearance preoccupation and activity in later adolescence were social in origin. Specifically, appearance-related conversations with friends in early adolescence emerged as the most salient preceding risk factor for boys' and girls' online appearance preoccupation five years later. Also, there were distinct early risks in models estimated separately for boys and girls; these included parents’ appearance-related attitudes and behaviors for boys and internalization of appearance ideals and emotional eating for girls.
•As part of a 7-wave longitudinal study, adolescents completed surveys at age 10–13 (T1) and again at age 15–18 (T2).•T1 social relations, beliefs, and body change behaviors were tested as risks for T2 online appearance preoccupation (OAP).•The most salient T1 risk factors for late adolescents' OAP were social in origin involving parents and peers.•Appearance conversations with peers was the most salient T1 risk factor for OAP but other risk domains were found.•There were gender similarities in risks for OAP but some were significant only in boys and others only in girls.
Concerns about physical appearance are a salient feature of several psychiatric conditions, and various self-report-based measures of appearance concerns have been developed for different disorders. ...An important question, with implications for understanding comorbidity and processes underlying it, is whether these different measures may in fact be indexing a common construct. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a large mixed-sex undergraduate sample (
N
= 704), the current study found evidence for a higher-order factor accounting for substantial shared variance in measures of appearance concerns devised for use with eating disorders, social anxiety disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder. Hierarchical mediation analyses revealed that this general factor accounted for much of the variance shared between each appearance concerns measure and scale-assessed symptoms of its affiliated disorder. Additionally, the general appearance concerns factor accounted for most of the variance in a shared disorder factor representing the comorbidity among eating, social anxiety, and body dysmorphic symptoms. Collectively, these findings suggest that appearance concerns are general and transdiagnostic rather than disorder specific and may contribute to the systematic comorbidity evident among appearance-related psychopathologies.
Objective
As video chatting has emerged as a leading form of communication for work, education, and socialization during the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is important to investigate the association between ...video chatting and appearance satisfaction.
Method
Participants included women from the United States (n = 438; age: M = 31.3, SD = 12.71) who completed measures examining their use of video chatting services, self‐objectification, video chatting appearance comparison, and appearance satisfaction.
Results
The total time spent on video chatting services was not associated with appearance satisfaction; however, self‐objectification moderated the relationship between total hours of video chatting and appearance satisfaction. In addition, participants who engaged in more video chatting appearance comparisons reported lower face and body satisfaction. Furthermore, video chatting appearance comparison was associated with more frequent usage of certain Zoom features, such as the “touch up my appearance” feature, and more time spent looking at oneself on video calls. Finally, those who spent more time engaged with their families over video chatting services reported greater face and body satisfaction.
Discussion
The results of the current study demonstrate that time spent video chatting is not predictive of appearance satisfaction, but that self‐objectification can exacerbate these associations.
The association between social media use and an individual's appearance dissatisfaction has generated broad scholarly interests. This study explored the specific appearance dissatisfaction resulting ...from the effects of social media influencer images on the appearance anxiety of users, in particular the differences between human influencers (HIs) and emerging virtual influencers (VIs). Women (n = 178) aged 18–35 were randomly assigned to HI images, VI images, and scenic images (control group) and were asked to answer related questionnaires. The results showed that images of both HI and VI induced significantly higher appearance anxiety than in the control group. The participants who were exposed to VI images reported significantly lower appearance anxiety than those who were exposed to HI images. Participants' state appearance comparison played a mediating role between the images of social media influencers and appearance anxiety. In addition, participants who viewed VI images reported significantly lower state appearance comparison than those who viewed HI images. Insights for influencer marketing practice were further discussed based on the results.
In the article on the basis of theoretical analysis of foreign and domestic research linkages between the attitude to his appearance (AP) and assessments of well-being develops a differentiated ...approach to the definition of the influence of different of components attitude to appearance, its value and importance to the assessment of subjective well-being (SW-B). In the empirical part of the research from intercom hypothesis: young people with different levels of subjective well-being may differ self-estimations of appearance, concern them satisfaction, measures importance of appearance in different spheres of life, measures its impact on happiness, estimates of the value of appearance. The study involved young people — 86 people at the age of 17—25 years (M age = 20.07; SD age = 2.232), 50% — women and 50% — men. A set of research methods included: questionnaire “Content-Evaluative Interpretation of Appearance” (V.A. Labunskaya); questionnaire “Estimates of the importance of attractive appear¬ance to improve in different life situation” (V.A. Labunskaya, G.V. Serikov); The modified version of the inventory “Diagnostics of Real Structure of Personality Value Orientations” (S.S Bubnova), includes scale “value of appearance”; questionnaire “Attitudes towards Appearance: Satisfaction and Concern (V.A. Labunskaya, E.V. Kapitanova); the scale of the “subjective well-being”, russian version of which was created by V.M. Sokolova. The results of the study confirm the initiative of hypothesis and indicate what components of attitudes towards appearance have a different impact on the level of subjective well-being: 1) self-estimation of components and characteristics of appearance, associated with satisfaction appearance, increases the level of subjective well-being; 2) increase of value, significance of the appearance of a person’s life, coupled with concern with appearance, leads to reduced levels of subjective well-being.
В статье на основе теоретического анализа зарубежных и отечественных исследований взаимосвязей между отношением к своему внешнему облику (ВО) и оценками благополучия развивается дифференцированный подход к определению влияния различных компонентов отношения к своему внешнему облику, его ценности и значимости на оценку субъективного благополучия (СБ). В эмпирической части исследования проверялась гипотеза: молодые люди, имеющие различные уровни субъективного благополучия, могут отличаться самооценками внешнего облика, обеспокоенностью, удовлетворенностью им, мерами значимости внешнего облика в различных сферах жизнедеятельности, мерами его влияния на ощущение счастья, оценками ценности внешнего облика. В исследовании приняли участие молодые люди — 86 человек в возрасте 17—25 лет (Мвозраста=20,07; SDвозраста=2,232), 50% женщин и 50% мужчин. Набор методов исследования включал: опросник «Оценочно-содержательная интерпретация своего внешнего облика» (В.А. Лабунская); анкету «Оценка значимости привлекательного внешнего облика для улучшения различных аспектов жизнедеятельности» (В.А. Лабунская, Г.В. Сериков); модифицированный вариант опросника «Диагностика реальной структуры ценностных ориентаций личности» (С.С. Бубнова), включающий шкалу «ценность внешнего облика»; анкету «Отношение к своему внешнему облику: удовлетворенность и обеспокоенность» (В.А. Лабунская, Е.В. Капитанова); шкалу «Субъективное благополучие» (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G. Mendelsohn, J. Chiche), русскоязычная версия которой была создана В.М. Соколовой. Результаты исследования подтверждают выдвинутую гипотезу и указывают на то, что составляющие отношения к внешнему облику имеют различное влияние на уровень субъективного благополучия: 1) повышение самооценок компонентов и характеристик внешнего облика, связанных с удовлетворенностью внешним обликом, повышает уровень субъективного благополучия; 2) повышение ценности, значимости внешнего облика в жизни человека, сопряженное с обеспокоенностью внешним обликом, приводит к снижению уровня субъективного благополучия.
Through an investigation of the body and its oppression by the church, the medical profession and the state, this book reveals the actual horrors lying beneath fictional horror in settings as diverse ...as the monastic community, slave plantation, operating theatre, Jewish ghetto and battlefield trench. The book provides original readings of canonical Gothic literary and film texts including The Castle of Otranto, The Monk, Frankenstein, Dracula and Nosferatu. This collection of fictionalised dangerous bodies is traced back to the effects of the English Reformation, Spanish Inquisition, French Revolution, Caribbean slavery, Victorian medical malpractice, European anti-Semitism and finally warfare, ranging from the Crimean up to the Vietnam War. The endangered or dangerous body lies at the centre of the clash between victim and persecutor and has generated tales of terror and narratives of horror, which function to either salve, purge or dangerously perpetuate such oppositions. This ground-breaking book will be of interest to academics and students of Gothic studies, gender and film studies and especially to readers interested in the relationship between history and literature.
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