User stickiness is an important factor in the development of live streaming shopping platforms, which describes the degree of users' attention to the platforms. Although some e-commerce websites have ...provided live streaming services to improve the purchase experience of consumers, few people know how the services affect user stickiness. Building upon attachment theory and socio-technical approach, we developed a theoretical model to understand how live streaming service affects the user stickiness through users' attachment, which is tested by using 425 live streaming shopping platform's users. The results showed that technical factors (synchronicity and vicarious expression) and social factors (interaction and identification) positively affect emotional attachment to streamers and platform attachment respectively, which in turn increase the user stickiness.
•This study examines how the social and technical factors affect user stickiness.•Interaction and identification increase emotional attachment to streamers.•Synchronicity and vicarious expression increase platform attachment.•Emotional attachment to streamers and platform attachment increase user stickiness.
Institutional attachment (belongingness) is the single strongest predictor of college student retention (Credé & Niehorster, 2012) and the preponderance of retention research has focused on the ...first-year student experience. The present study investigated attachment theory, organizational identification, and the communication engagement strategies of 189 graduating seniors from two universities. As graduation is the ultimate goal of retention, more can be learned from seniors who have successfully navigated the college experience. Attachment theory explicated varying approaches that students use to develop belongingness. College seniors demonstrated a high level of organizational identification and levels differed between attachment styles. Quantitative analysis demonstrated functional outcomes for both secure and preoccupied attachment styles for student engagement. In contrast to previous research (Bernier et al., 2004; Larose et al., 2005; Mattanah et al., 2011), which has associated a preoccupied attachment style with dysfunctional outcomes, the preoccupied style of attachment in the present study demonstrated the highest level of organizational identification and proved to be the most engaged student. Qualitative thematic analysis of responses to four scenarios describing college student challenges revealed insight as to the communication strategies based on the four-attachment style model. Implications for attachment theory, retention research, and student support services are discussed.
•Contrary to prior research, preoccupied attachment was highly functional.•A college senior sample offers insightful perspective on attachment and retention.•Thematic analysis identifies communication differences between attachment styles.•Organizational identification (institutional attachment) varies by attachment style.
Researchers have proposed that leader support helps employees behave proactively at work. Leader support can facilitate the opportunities for employees to bring about change, as well as their ...motivation to do so. Nevertheless, empirical studies have shown mixed effects of leader support on employees’ proactive behavior. In this study, to reconcile the inconsistent findings on the impact of leader support on employees’ proactive behavior, the authors consider the content, mediating mechanisms, and boundary conditions of leader support in shaping employees’ proactive behavior. On the basis of attachment theory, the authors propose that secure-base support from leaders (support in the form of leader availability, encouragement, and noninterference) positively predicts employees’ proactive work behavior by increasing their role breadth self-efficacy and autonomous motivation. These hypotheses are supported in an online-survey sample from U.S. participants (N = 138) and a sample from a large gas and oil company in China (N = 212). The authors further propose that the beneficial effects of secure-base support from leaders are more prominent for individuals with lower attachment security. This hypothesis was also supported: Individuals high in attachment anxiety especially benefited from leader secure-base support in terms of its effect on role breadth self-efficacy; whereas those who are high in attachment avoidance especially benefited from leader secure-base support in terms of its effect on autonomous motivation. Our study helps explain how leaders’ support motivates employees’ proactive behavior, particularly for those individuals who have lower attachment security.
Current study extended Bowlby's theory to explain how satisfying past experiences will impact place attachment, emotional experiences, loyalty and future behavior. Study modeled the visitors' ...festival satisfaction as an antecedent to destination loyalty directly as well as through 3-dimensional construct place attachment (place identity, social bonding, and place dependence) and emotional experience. Measurement and structural models were tested with the help of higher order covariance based structural equation modeling using 394 respondents. Findings revealed that festival satisfaction, place dependence, and emotional experience are significant predictors of destination loyalty by explaining a total 19.60% of variance. Festival satisfaction significantly influenced place identity, social bonding and place dependence. None of the mediating paths were found significant. Gender significantly moderated a few paths in the model such as; festival satisfaction on social bonding, festival satisfaction and place identity, between festival satisfaction and destination loyalty. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at large.
Attachment theory is widely regarded as one of the most significant advancements in psychology. Originally focused on early childhood development, it has expanded to offer insights into a broad ...spectrum of psychological disorders in adulthood. Additionally, some scholars propose that attachment theory could serve as a unifying framework in psychotherapy. If psychological disorders stem from attachment disturbances, then therapeutic interventions should theoretically impact attachment styles. However, there remains ongoing debate regarding whether attachment styles remain fixed throughout life or can adapt in response to environmental factors or psychotherapy. This theoretical study seeks to provide greater clarity on the malleability of attachment styles, the association between attachment and psychological disorders, and the examination of mentalizationa central concept in the genesis of psychological disorders. Mentalization is not only seen as a core feature of attachment styles but also as a key process in psychotherapy.
Despite widespread acknowledgment that close relationships frequently involve tumultuous and dynamic experiences, most models in relationship psychology focus on linear relationship processes. ...Modeling nonlinear patterns can, however, be an important way to assess and better understand the complexities inherent in close relationships. In this article, I draw on one of the most widely studied theories in relationship science—attachment theory—to illustrate how modeling nonlinear effects between variables (i.e., curvilinear effects) and nonlinear dynamics across time (i.e., within-person variation and within-dyad flexibility) can reconcile inconsistencies in the literature, reveal unique relationship experiences, and broaden our understanding of complex relationship processes.
•This study develops on the trust building model and attachment theory in the sharing economy environment.•It investigates how users build trust-attachment relationships through cognitive- and ...affective-based trusts.•It also examines how users intend to use the sharing economy service through identity- and bond-based attachments.•The cognitive trust-identity attachment building mechanism rather than the affective trust-bond one.•It suggests how to enrich users’ trust-attachment toward the firm and the service provider.
The sharing norm has enabled many of unused resources revamped and returned with some value to both travelers and local communities in the sharing economy. Airbnb requires remarkable trust that goes beyond the level where both user and host take risks from a sharing transaction. This paper suggests an empirical research model developed based on the trust building model and attachment theory explaining how users develop their trust and further attachment through two major routes. The results indicate that the cognitive trust-identity attachment building mechanism is more effective than affective trust-bond attachment depending on the emotional distance between the users and hosts. Finally, this paper provides scholars with theoretical enhancement on the trust and attachment literature and recommends managers of the sharing businesses to enrich users’ trust-attachment toward the firm and the service provider that has a strong influence on users’ behavioral intention to use.
Attachment dimensions, guilt, shame, and self-esteem influence offline and online interactions. In addition, these psychological variables are involved in the amount of time an individual uses the ...Internet. Few studies have examined the associations between guilt, shame, self-esteem, and attachment dimensions related to friendships and romance in the offline and online contexts, and how these variables differ between low and high Internet Users (IU). The present study explored the associations between guilt, shame, self-esteem, and attachment dimensions related to offline and online relationships and assessed the differences between low and high IU on these psychological variables.
213 participants completed online self-report questionnaires.
Attachment dimensions correlated positively with corresponding dimensions across contexts. Guilt was negatively correlated with offline insecure attachment dimensions and positively with online avoidance. Shame proneness was positively correlated, and self-esteem negatively, with insecure attachment dimensions. High IU showed higher anxiety/ambivalence, lower avoidance, and guilt than low users. Avoidance was higher and anxiety/ambivalence was lower in online relationships.
People would maintain the same attachment strategies in offline and online contexts. Guilt, shame, and self-esteem are differently associated with attachment dimensions in offline and online contexts. Lastly, IU showed differences in insecure attachment dimensions and guilt.
•Similar attachment strategies are adopted in offline and online contexts.•Guilt-repair correlated positively with avoidance online and negatively offline.•Shame correlated positively and Self-esteem negatively with insecure attachment.•High internet users showed higher anxiety/ambivalence, lower avoidance and guilt.•Online relationships showed higher avoidance and lower anxiety/ambivalence.
Relationship science has developed several theories to explain how and why people enter and maintain satisfying relationships. Less is known about why some people remain single, despite increasing ...rates of singlehood throughout the world. Using one of the most widely studied and robust theories-attachment theory-we aim to identify distinct sub-groups of singles and examine whether these sub-groups differ in their experience of singlehood and psychosocial outcomes.
Across two studies of single adults (Ns = 482 and 400), we used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct sub-groups of singles.
Both studies revealed four distinct profiles consistent with attachment theory: (1) secure; (2) anxious; (3) avoidant; and (4) fearful-avoidant. Furthermore, the four sub-groups of singles differed in theoretically distinct ways in their experience of singlehood and on indicators of psychosocial well-being.
These findings suggest that singles are a heterogeneous group of individuals that can be meaningfully differentiated based on individual differences in attachment security.
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