Background. Th e study relevance is due to the need of expanding approaches to the prevention of maladaptive forms of adolescent behavior. Objective: to fi nd out and consider the features of ...concepts of death in younger and older adolescence on the basis of analysis of domestic and foreign research. Results. Th e study considered the cognitive, emotional, and motivational-behavioral components of the adolescents’ ideas of death. It is shown that in the process of becoming a teenager, the cognitive component undergoes certain changes from understanding death as a transition to a diff erent state to realizing the absolute fi niteness of existence. At the same time, changes in the value-semantic sphere become of particular importance, when, maintaining the fear of death as the content of emotional component, the hedonistic type of attitude to life comes to the fore, focusing on the feelings of signifi cance and value of life. A mature understanding and attitude to death includes the awareness of irreversibility of the cessation of the body and psyche functioning, the universality and causality of this process. Conclusion. Ideas about death develop with age and diff er signifi cantly in younger and older adolescence. Th e “maturation” of the death concept, awareness of the relationship between life and death is accompanied by the experience of an existential crisis and, as a result, can become a prerequisite for the formation of maladaptive (auto-aggressive) forms of behavior.
Introduction
The study of ideas about death and the mechanisms of their formation in adolescents with suicidal behavior is an important task for both diagnosis and psychotherapy. The parents’ notions ...of death, and the prohibition on discussing the topic of death in the family, can significantly distort the adolescent’s relationship with death.
Objectives
Investigate differences in attitudes towards death in parents and adolescents who apply to the crisis care room of a child psychiatric clinic.
Methods
The study involved 90 adolescents with their parents who applied to the crisis outpatient care system. The following questionnaires were offered: Death Attitude Profile-Revised, Death Anxiety Scale, Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, GAD-7.
Results
Significant differences were found for most of the scales in the samples of adults and adolescents, of particular interest to us were the scales “death avoidance” (W=317,500,z=3,089,p=0,002) and “perception of family support» (W=288,500,z=3,393,p=0,001). For the group of adolescents, there are higher indicators on the scales of anxiety (W=61,000,z=-2,546,p=0,011), anxiety in close relationships (W=83,000,z=-2,549,p=0,011), avoidance of close relationships (W=28,000,z=-3,870,p=0,000), and death as a means of escape (W=54,500,z=-3,076,p=0,002).
Conclusions
In families of adolescents with suicidal behavior, the severity of dysfunctional patterns of building close relationships and the presence of sharply opposite positions in relation to death in children and parents are observed without the possibility of discussing this topic.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship between personal characteristics and the profile of attitudes towards death among nurses in a Portuguese hospital. Method: a cross-sectional, ...quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study, carried out in a hospital in the North of Portugal, with 981 nurses, who answered a questionnaire composed by the scale of evaluation of the Profile of Attitudes about Death. Data collection was carried out in February and March 2018 in the services, and the findings went through descriptive and analytical statistical analysis with the aid of the SPSS software. Results: the nurses revealed to have the attitudes of approach (36.29 points), fear (27.82 points), neutrality (27.25 points), avoidance (17.48 points) and escape (15.52 points) in the face of death, and these were associated with the different socio-occupational characteristics of these professionals, including gender, marital status, age, having children, type of employment relationship, professional category, specialty, time of service, and the practice or belief of some religion. Conclusion: the profile of the nurses' attitudes towards death is influenced by their socio-professional characteristics, which points to the importance of rethinking training strategies in the academic environment, in health organizations and in services, favoring the better reception of patients and family members, but also in relieving the suffering of the professionals in the face of finitude.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação entre as caraterísticas pessoais e o perfil de atitudes frente à morte entre enfermeiros de um hospital português. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, do tipo exploratório e descritivo, realizado em um centro hospitalar da região Norte de Portugal, com 981 enfermeiros, os quais responderam a um questionário composto pela escala de avaliação do Perfil de Atitudes Acerca da Morte. A coleta de dados foi realizada em fevereiro e março de 2018 nos serviços e os achados passaram por análise estatística descritiva e analítica com o auxílio de software SPSS. Resultados: os enfermeiros revelaram ter as atitudes de aproximação (36,29 pontos), medo (27,82 pontos), neutralidade (27,25 pontos), evitamento (17,48 pontos) e escape/fuga (15,52 pontos) frente à morte, e estas foram associadas às diferentes características sociolaborais destes profissionais, entre elas, sexo, estado civil, idade, possuir filhos, tipo de vínculo de trabalho, categoria profissional, especialidade, tempo de serviço e a prática ou crença de alguma religião. Conclusão: o perfil de atitudes dos enfermeiros diante da morte sofre influências de suas características socioprofissionais, o que sinaliza para a importância de repensar estratégias de formação em meio acadêmico, nas organizações de saúde e nos serviços, favorecendo o melhor acolhimento dos pacientes e familiares, mas também no alívio do sofrimento dos profissionais frente à finitude.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación entre las características personales y el perfil de las actitudes frente a la muerte entre profesionales de Enfermería de un hospital de Portugal. Método: estudio transversal y cuantitativo, del tipo exploratorio y descriptivo, realizado en un centro hospitalario de la región Norte de Portugal, con 981 profesionales de Enfermería, quienes respondieron un cuestionario compuesto por la escala de evaluación del Perfil de Actitudes Frente a la Muerte. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar en febrero y marzo de 2018 en los servicios, y los hallazgos fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico descriptivo y analítico con el auxilio del software SPSS. Resultados: los profesionales de Enfermería revelaron tener las siguientes actitudes: aproximación (36,29 puntos), miedo (27,82 puntos), neutralidad (27,25 puntos), evasión (17,48 puntos) y escape/fuga (15,52 puntos) frente a la muerte, y fueron asociadas a las diferentes características sociolaborales de estos profesionales, entre ellas: sexo, estado civil, edad, tener hijos, tipo de vínculo laboral, categoría profesional, especialidad, tiempo de servicio y la práctica o creencia en alguna religión. Conclusión: el perfil de las actitudes de los profesionales de Enfermería frente a la muerte se ven influenciado por sus características socioprofesionales, lo que señala la importancia de repensar estrategias de formación en el ámbito académico, en las organizaciones de salud y en los servicios, favoreciendo así una mejor recepción a los pacientes y familiares, como así también el alivio del sufrimiento de los profesionales frente a la muerte.
The phenomenon of aging and its social and personal challenges are among the topics that have been paid more attention by researchers today due to the growing population of the elderly. One of these ...aspects is the psychological well-being of these people as an indicator of quality of life that is tied to various factors, including factors that are especially prominent in old age, spirituality and attitude towards death, whether the elderly person with a fear and avoidance attitude or Acceptance and compromise to face the phenomenon of death and also what effects a person's spirituality has on his psychological well-being, is the subject of the present study. 182 elderly people participated in this study by available sampling method. Three valid scales of Attitude Towards Death Profile, Reef Psychological Well-Being, Parsian Spirituality Questionnaire were used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires in the present study were reviewed and confirmed. According to the analyzes, the results of multiple regression showed that the variables of spirituality and attitude toward death-avoidance are strong predictors of psychological well-being. The negative and significant relationship between attitudes toward death-avoidance and psychological well-being indicates that despite the fact that in the elderly, especially in support and coverage centers, the phenomenon of denial of death and escape from death-related issues is being institutionalized as accepted; But it reduces the psychological well-being of these people. On the other hand, spirituality is a positive factor in the sense of well-being of the elderly that should be considered.
OBJECTIVEWe investigated the relationship between nursing staff's knowledge of hospice care and psychological states, including grief and attitude towards death.METHODSFrom October 2018 to December ...2018, a total of 1900 professional nursing staff of secondary and tertiary levels in Qinghai Province were chosen as the research subjects. Professional questionnaires were used to evaluate their knowledge level of Hospice Care (HC), psychological states, grief and attitude towards death, while the correlation between HC knowledge level and the latter three were analyzed.RESULTSIn Qinghai Province, the nursing staff had the highest scores in terms of knowledge levels of HC symptom control with a score of 4.48±1.65, and the lowest score of 1.79±1.12 in terms of knowledge levels of death education. In the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) scale, there was a negative correlation between fear of death, death avoidance, escape acceptance, and HC knowledge total score (P<0.05), while there was a positive correlation between natural acceptance and HC knowledge score (P<0.05). There was no statistical correlation between the total score of approach acceptance and HC knowledge (P>0.05). In the Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) questionnaire, there were negative correlations between the total score of HC knowledge and body reaction, general grief response, seeking to explain and respond to special death forms (P<0.05). Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were negatively correlated with HC knowledge scores (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONThere is a correlation between nursing staff's knowledge level of hospice care and the psychological state, partial grief and attitudes towards death. The improvement of levels of nursing staff's HC knowledge plays a positive role in maintaining their healthy psychological state, alleviating their grief and helping them to actively face death.
Many medical schools in Taiwan have adopted a dignified "silent mentor" initiation ceremony to strengthen student's medical humanity and increase their learning attitudes. This ceremony consists of ...introductions of the body donor's conduct and deeds, wreath-laying, and a tea party. However, few empirical studies have examined the influences of the ceremony and dissection on medical humanity. This study explored if the initiation ceremony and the course can help students care more about others, develop more positive attitudes toward death, improve learning effectiveness in the course, and decrease negative emotions the first time they see a cadaver.
The Attitudes Towards Death and Love and Care subscales of the life attitude inventory, Learning Effectiveness of Gross Anatomy Laboratory Scale (LEGALS), and Emotional Reactions Towards Cadavers Scale were adopted to examine differences before (T1) and after (T2) medical students attended an initiation ceremony at a university in northern Taiwan. Whether these effects lasted to the end of the semester (T3) was also tested.
After the ceremony, students' attitudes towards death increased, negative emotions towards cadavers decreased, but love and care and the LEGALS did not significantly change. Data from T3 showed a similar pattern, but high-level emotions (e.g., being respected, cherished, and grateful) and the LEGALS were significantly higher than those at T1.
The initiation ceremony, which showed a body donor's deeds and attitudes toward life and death when they were alive, could help medical students gain more mature attitudes towards death and decreased negative emotions. Learning between T2 and T3 might have caused significant changes in high-level emotions and the LEGALS at T3. Arranging reflective writing with guided discussion by a teacher before and after the ceremony is highly recommended.
The present study was designed to determine the relation between attitudes to death and perceptions of spiritual care in nursing students. It is a descriptive study and included 290 fourth-year ...nursing students (intern students). Data were collected with a descriptive characteristics form, Frommelt Attitude Towards Care of the Dying Instrument and Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. There was a significant positive relation between the mean scores for Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale and Frommelt Attitude Towards Care of the Dying Instrument. It can be recommended that courses about death and spiritual care should be offered and integrated into nursing curricula.
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