Physische Attraktivität und Lebenszufriedenheit Rosar, Ulrich; Althans, Roman; Krause, Johannes
Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie,
12/2023, Letnik:
75, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, den Einfluss der physischen Attraktivität auf unterschiedliche Aspekte der Lebenszufriedenheit empirisch zu überprüfen. Dies wird auf Basis theoretischer Überlegungen mit ...den Daten aus dem Kölner Gymnasiasten-Panel geprüft, das die private sowie die berufliche Situation der Befragten im modalen Alter von 30, 43, 56 und 66 Jahren abbildet. Für einen Teil der Befragten wurde im Nachhinein die physische Attraktivität im Alter von 16 Jahren ermittelt. Unter Kontrolle des Berufsprestiges, des Erwerbsstatus, der Wochenarbeitszeit und dem Vorliegen von Arbeitslosigkeit wird ein signifikanter Attraktivitätseffekt auf die berufliche Lebenszufriedenheit im Alter von 30 Jahren nachgewiesen. In Bezug auf die private Lebenszufriedenheit findet sich kein substanzieller Attraktivitätseffekt. Nichtsdestotrotz besitzt die physische Attraktivität im Alter von 16 Jahren einen signifikanten Effekt auf die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit im Alter von 30 und 43 Jahren unter Kontrolle der privaten und beruflichen Lebenszufriedenheit. Der Effekt im Alter von 43 Jahren bleibt auch dann bestehen, wenn für die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit im Alter von 30 Jahren kontrolliert wird. Mit dieser Untersuchung wird also ein langfristiger Effekt der äußeren Erscheinung auf verschiedene Aspekte der Lebenszufriedenheit nachgewiesen. Insbesondere der Einfluss auf die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit sei herausgestellt. Hier besitzt die physische Attraktivität einen fast drei Dekaden währenden, die Zufriedenheit steigernden Nachhall.
In the present study, we examined the associations between self-perceptions of attractiveness, contingencies of self-worth and the attitude toward the use of physical attractiveness as an influence ...strategy (adonization) among young women. Five hundred and eighty-seven women aged 18–35 years assessed their self-perceptions of attractiveness, contingencies of self-worth, and the attitude toward adonization. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that self-perceptions of physical and social attractiveness predicted a positive attitude toward adonization. External contingencies of self-worth predicted less positive perceptions of attractiveness, while internal contingencies of self-esteem predicted more positive self-perceptions of physical attractiveness. Additionally, external contingencies of self-worth predicted a positive attitude toward adonization. Self-perceptions of physical and social attractiveness mediated between external contingencies of self-esteem and attitude toward adonization.
•Adonization is the positive attitude toward the use of physical appearance to influence others.•Women perceiving themselves as physically attractive reported higher adonization.•Women perceiving themselves as socially attractive reported higher adonization.•Women focused on external contingencies of self-worth reported higher adonization.•External contingencies of self-worth predicted adonization indirectly via low self-perceived attractiveness.
Despite strong consensus about the basic features that make someone look objectively attractive, contextual variation may modulate subjective assessments. Here, we investigate how social group ...membership provides such a context, comparing attractiveness judgments between lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) versus straight perceivers, and examining how these attractiveness judgments relate to beliefs about the target person's sexual orientation. We indeed find that perceivers rate targets as more attractive when they believe the target's sexual majority/minority status matches their own (Study 1). This association differs according to context, however: Although straight and LGB perceivers evaluate the components of facial attractiveness similarly (Study 2), straight men use attractiveness as a cue to sexual orientation (i.e., deeming unattractive women lesbians; Study 3) whereas LGB perceivers use sexual orientation as a cue to attractiveness (e.g., gay men rate men they believe are gay as more attractive than men they believe are straight; Studies 4 and 5). Thus, LGB identity seems to create a context in which sexual minority perceivers learn to attend to information about sexual diversity that straight perceivers may ignore. These findings highlight how group membership provides a lens for social perception, specifically pointing to how the contextual mindset of partner selection may transmute otherwise objective judgments, such as facial attractiveness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
In most studies of facial attractiveness perception, judgments are based on the whole face images. Here we investigated how attractiveness judgments from parts of faces compare to perceived ...attractiveness of the whole face, and to each other. We manipulated the extent and regions of occlusion, where either the left/right or the top/bottom half of the face was occluded. We also further segmented the face into relatively small horizontal regions involving the forehead, eyes, nose, or mouth. The results demonstrated the correlated nature of face regions, such that an attractiveness judgment for one face part can be highly predictive of the attractiveness of the whole face or the other parts. The left/right half of the face created more accurate predictions than the top/bottom half. Judgments involving a larger area of the face (i.e., left/right or top/bottom halves) produced more accurate predictions than those derived from smaller regions, such as the eyes or the mouth alone, but even the smallest and most featureless region investigated (the forehead) provided useful information. The correlated nature of the attractiveness of face parts shows that perceived attractiveness is determined by multiple covarying cues that the visual system can exploit to determine attractiveness from a single glance.
Does physical appearance significantly influence hiring decisions and customer service effectiveness? This article presents evidence of an early phase of discrimination in the recruitment process in ...the tourism and hospitality sectors, particularly in Jakarta City. In addition to providing evidence on the extent of the early discrimination phase in the tourism and hospitality labor markets, data from online job postings was collected from the job portal jobstreet.co.id. This study used a digital sociology approach to collect the data. The data were collected through web screening using filter tools in the tourism and hospitality sectors. The findings show that beauty or physical attractiveness as a specific requirement for job positions in the tourism and hospitality industries is an early phase of discrimination. The results also support the idea that physically attractive individuals have more opportunities in the tourism and hospitality fields.
Limbal rings are dark annuli encircling the iris that fluctuate in visibility based on health and age. Research also indicates their presence augments facial attractiveness. Given individuals’ ...prioritization of health cues in short-term mates, those with limbal rings may be implicated as ideal short-term mates. Three studies tested whether limbal rings serve as veridical health cues, specifically the extent to which this cue enhances a person’s value as a short-term mating partner. In Study 1, targets with limbal rings were rated as healthier, an effect that was stronger for female participants and male targets. In Study 2, temporally activated short-term mating motives led women to report a heightened preference for targets with limbal rings. In Study 3, women rated targets with limbal rings as more desirable short-term mates. Results provide evidence for limbal rings as veridical cues to health, particularly in relevant mating domains.
Individuals and organizations are increasing efforts to address discrimination. Nonexperts may lack awareness of, or are resistant to, scientifically informed strategies for reducing discrimination, ...instead relying on intuition. Five studies investigated the accuracy of nonexperts’ intuitions about reducing discrimination concerning physical attractiveness. In Studies 1a to 1c (N = 902), participants predicted the effectiveness of six interventions to reduce attractiveness-based favoritism on a judgment task. Studies 2a and 2b (N = 6,292) investigated the effectiveness of these interventions. Although two interventions reduced discrimination, intuitions were poorly aligned with actual results; fewer than 1% of participants identified the combination of interventions that did, versus did not, impact judgment, and responses were more likely to be below than above chance when predicting each intervention’s effectiveness. Although follow-up work should investigate the accuracy of intuition in other forms of discrimination, these results further stress the need for greater development and adoption of evidence-based strategies for combating discrimination.
We investigate the effect of male corporate managers' physical appearance—classified into unattractive, average-looking, and attractive—on the philanthropic decisions of Chinese listed firms. We find ...that compared to average-looking managers, those who rated as attractive do not engage more actively in corporate donations. On the contrary, the probability of donating is approximately 5% higher for unattractive managers than for average-looking managers; further, unattractive managers donate 95% more in charitable giving. To explain these findings, we propose a psychological channel through which physical appearance may influence male managers' charitable donations: Because altruistic behaviors may aggrandize individuals, managers conscious of deficits in their own physical attractiveness may engage in prosocial behavior to increase their attractiveness in the eyes of others. We find consistent evidence that the effect of managers' unattractiveness on philanthropic decisions is stronger in firms with weaker corporate governance; further, we find that the positive impact of corporate donation on financial performance observed in firms led by attractive and average-looking managers is substantially weaker in those firms led by unattractive managers.
•Compared to average-looking CEOs, attractive CEOs do not engage more in corporate donation.•Unattractive CEOs are more likely to donate and with a greater amount.•This unattractiveness effect is stronger in firms with weaker corporate governance.•Donations by attractive and average-looking CEOs contribute to better financial performance.•Donations by unattractive managers barely contribute to better financial performance.
Attractiveness Computing in Image Media YAMASAKI, Toshihiko
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences,
2023
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Our research group has beenworking on attractiveness prediction, reasoning, and even enhancement for multimedia content, which we call “attractiveness computing.” Attractiveness includes ...impressiveness, instagrammability, memorability, clickability, and so on. Analyzing such attractiveness was usually done by experienced professionals but we have experimentally revealed that artificial intelligence (AI) based on big multimedia data can imitate or reproduce professionals' skills in some cases. In this paper, we introduce some of the representative works and possible real-life applications of our attractiveness computing for image media.
Complementing studies on physical attractiveness and labor market outcomes, we use the information on physical and personality attractiveness rated by interviewers from four waves of the National ...Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health) for 1,485 individuals (73 female and 60 male self-employed). Though neither physical attractiveness nor personality attractiveness is related to self-employment earnings individually, females who are self-employed with
both
physical attractiveness and personality attractiveness have higher earnings. There are no effects of both attractiveness types for males (employed or self-employed) or females (employed) on earnings.
Plain English Summary
We examine how physical attractiveness and personality attractiveness relate to performance in self-employment. Interestingly, we did not find that either physical attractiveness or personality attractiveness individually had any significant relationship with earnings for self-employed individuals. However, we did find that self-employed females who are both physically attractive and have attractive personalities did have significantly higher earnings. There were no significant effects on earning for either self-employed or employed males who were both physically attractive and had attractive personalities or for employed females with both forms of attractiveness. These results add nuance to prior research regarding the potential beauty premium that could play a role in key aspects of performance for those who are self-employed. Specifically, our findings highlight the need to consider both physical and personality traits for females who are considering, or are currently pursuing, self-employment.
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