Steinberg, N, Bar-Sela, S, Moran, U, Pantanowitz, M, Waddington, G, Adams, R, Band, SS, and Funk, S. Injury prevention exercises for reduced incidence of injuries in combat soldiers. J Strength Cond ...Res 35(11): 3128-3138, 2021-The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an "all-cause injury" prevention program, focused on static-to-dynamic transitions, on injury prevalence in a military commanders course. Two cohorts of male infantry commanders were recruited (intervention INT group, n = 196 and controls CO group, n = 169) and tracked by a physiotherapist, who recorded any injuries that occurred during the 14-week course. Soldiers were tested precourse, midcourse, and postcourse for anthropometrics, proprioception ability, and dynamic postural balance (DPB). The INT group performed injury prevention exercises for 5 minutes, 3 times a week, and the CO group continued with their routine physical fitness sessions. The prevalence of injuries reported to the physiotherapist during the course was significantly lower for the INT group compared with the CO group (14.8 and 34.3%, respectively, p < 0.001). Similarly, rates of injury in the INT group were significantly lower than in the CO group (p < 0.001; hazard = 2.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.62-3.95). Precourse proprioception ability was significantly lower in those that became injured during the commanders course, irrespective of the group. Likewise, for DPB parameters, the injured subjects in both groups had significantly lower precourse scores than the noninjured subjects. From pretesting to midtesting, the injured soldiers in the INT group improved their ability up to the level of the noninjured subjects. A reduced prevalence of injuries was found for soldiers who completed the injury prevention program. Because the subjects soldiers injured on the course had reduced somatosensory abilities at the outset, and as these abilities can be improved by static-to-dynamic exercises, identifying at-risk soldiers and providing them with appropriate strategies for improvement beforehand is indicated.
A growing body of empirical work on the work–life interface in Asia has investigated the effects of various work–life constructs on work and non-work outcomes. However, scholars are also debating ...whether work-life constructs from the West must be conceptualized and operationalized differently when used in the Asian context. The present study reviews the literature on the work–life interface in Asia, identifies research gaps, and proposes an agenda for future research. This review contributes to the literature by developing a conceptual model that informs our theoretical understanding of work–life research in Asia. In doing so, it provides important insights into how cultural, economic and institutional factors influence employee perceptions of the work–life interface. The present review stresses the need for methodological advancement, multilevel analysis, and an extension of work–life constructs in Asia.
•We develop a conceptual model and provide theoretical understanding of work-life research in Asia.•We provide insights on how cultural, economic and institutional factors influence the work-life interface in Asia.•We identify the need for methodological advancement, multilevel analysis, and empirical advancement of the field.
Prior studies have established the correlation between oxidative balance score (OBS) and hypertension (HTN). While the association between OBS and resistant hypertension (RHT) as well as arterial ...stiffness among individuals with hypertension remains undisclosed.
In this study, total of 15,910 adults diagnosed with hypertension were enrolled from NHANES 2001–2018. OBS was calculated and categorized into quartiles. Weighted regression model, stratified analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were employed to evaluate the association between OBS and RHT, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and arterial stiffness in individuals with hypertension. Among enrolled participants, high OBS quartiles consistently demonstrated a negative association with resistant hypertension across all models (all p < 0.05), indicating robust stability. Compared with the lowest OBS quartile, the risk of resistant hypertension in the highest OBS quartile was decreased by 30.8% (95%CI 0.471–0.995, p = 0.049). After dividing OBS into dietary OBS and lifestyle OBS, a significant inverse association with lifestyle OBS and RHT was observed. With regard to MACEs, the inverse association was also found in participants with high OBS. Besides, the potential relation between OBS and arterial stiffness was explored and we found OBS was significantly associated with decreased arterial stiffness (β for ePWV, −0.014; 95%CI -0.026 to −0.001; p = 0.032). RCS analysis confirmed a nonlinear association between OBS and RHT, MACEs, cardiovascular death and nonfatal MI among participants with hypertension.
Elevated OBS was negatively associated with the risk of RHT and arterial stiffness among US adults with hypertension.
•Elevated OBS was significantly inversely associated with resistant hypertension, as well as arterial stiffness.•OBS is negatively associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among US adults with hypertension.•Adopting an antioxidant-rich diet and lifestyle to boost OBS may aid blood pressure control and prevent cardiovascular events.
Healthy humans control balance during stance by using an active feedback mechanism that generates corrective torque based on a combination of movement and orientation cues from visual, vestibular, ...and proprioceptive systems. Previous studies found that the contribution of each of these sensory systems changes depending on perturbations applied during stance and on environmental conditions. The process of adjusting the sensory contributions to balance control is referred to as sensory reweighting. To investigate the dynamics of reweighting for the sensory modalities of vision and proprioception, 14 healthy young subjects were exposed to six different combinations of continuous visual scene and platform tilt stimuli while sway responses were recorded. Stimuli consisted of two components: 1) a pseudorandom component whose amplitude periodically switched between low and high amplitudes and 2) a low-amplitude sinusoidal component whose amplitude remained constant throughout a trial. These two stimuli were mathematically independent of one another and, thus, permitted separate analyses of sway responses to the two components. For all six stimulus combinations, the sway responses to the constant-amplitude sine were influenced by the changing amplitude of the pseudorandom component in a manner consistent with sensory reweighting. Results show clear evidence of intra- and intermodality reweighting. Reweighting dynamics were asymmetric, with slower reweighting dynamics following a high-to-low transition in the pseudorandom stimulus amplitude compared with low-to-high amplitude shifts, and were also slower for inter- compared with intramodality reweighting.
Surface ice velocity is a fundamental characteristic of glaciers and ice sheets that quantifies the transport of ice. Changes in ice dynamics have a major impact on ice sheet mass balance and its ...contribution to sea level rise. Prior comprehensive mappings employed speckle and feature tracking techniques, optimized for fast‐flow areas, with precision of 2‐5 m/year, hence limiting our ability to describe ice flow in the slow interior. We present a vector map of ice velocity using the interferometric phase from multiple satellite synthetic aperture radars resulting in 10 times higher precision in speed (20 cm/year) and direction (5°) over 80% of Antarctica. Precision mapping over areas of slow motion (<1 m/year) improves from 20 to 93%, which helps better constrain drainage boundaries, improve mass balance assessment, evaluate regional atmospheric climate models, reconstruct ice thickness, and inform ice sheet numerical models.
Plain Language Summary
We present a new map of Antarctic ice velocity that is 10 times more precise than prior maps and reveals ice motion at a high precision over 80% of the continent versus 20% in the past. The ice motion vector map provides novel constrains on interior ice motion and its connection with the glaciers and ice stream that control the stability and mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Key Points
Interferometric phases from multiple satellite radar platforms are combined to derive the first comprehensive phase map of Antarctic ice velocity
The precision in ice speed (20 cm/year) and flow direction (5°) over 80% of Antarctica is a factor 10 better than prior mappings based on feature and speckle tracking
The product will improve mass balance studies, reconstruction of ice thickness, regional atmospheric climate modeling, and numerical ice sheet modeling
Whistle While You Work Erdogan, Berrin; Bauer, Talya N.; Truxillo, Donald M. ...
Journal of management,
07/2012, Letnik:
38, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Life satisfaction is a key indicator of subjective well-being. This article is a review of the multidisciplinary literature on the relationship between life satisfaction and the work domain. A ...discussion of top-down and bottom-up theories of life satisfaction is included, and the literatures on work-related antecedents of life satisfaction, the proximal mediators (quality of work life, quality of nonwork life, and feelings of self-worth), and consequences of life satisfaction were reviewed. A meta-analysis of life satisfaction with respect to career satisfaction, job performance, turnover intentions, and organizational commitment was performed. Each major section of the article concludes with a future opportunities subsection where gaps in the research are discussed.
This study revisits the classical problem of quantifying the radiative effects of unique cloud types in the era of spaceborne active observations. The radiative effects of nine cloud types, ...distinguished based on their vertical structure defined by CloudSat and CALIPSO observations, are assessed at both the top of the atmosphere and the surface. The contributions from single- and multilayered clouds are explicitly diagnosed. The global, annual mean net cloud radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere is found to be −17.1 ± 4.2 W m−2 owing to −44.2 ± 2 W m−2 of shortwave cooling and 27.1 ± 3.7 W m−2 of longwave heating. Leveraging explicit cloud base and vertical structure information, we further estimate the annual mean net cloud radiative effect at the surface to be −24.8 ± 8.7 W m−2 (−51.1 ± 7.8W m−2 in the shortwave and 26.3 ± 3.8 W m−2 in the longwave). Multilayered clouds are found to exert the strongest influence on the top-of-atmosphere energy balance. However, a strong asymmetry in net cloud radiative cooling between the hemispheres (8.6 W m−2) is dominated by enhanced cooling from stratocumulus over the southern oceans. It is found that there is no corresponding asymmetry at the surface owing to enhanced longwave emission by southern ocean clouds in winter, which offsets a substantial fraction of their impact on solar absorption in summer. Thus the asymmetry in cloud radiative effects is entirely realized as an atmosphere heating imbalance between the hemispheres.
The balance of activities in daily life can become disrupted after a stroke; however, previous research has mainly focused on the performance of daily activities. Therefore, it is important to ...understand the impact that stroke has on various aspects of balance in activities for working-age people.
To describe how persons with stroke perceived their occupational balance and to explore whether occupational balance was associated with the severity of disability, fatigue and sociodemographic characteristics.
This cross-sectional study included 63 working-age persons with stroke. The Occupational Balance Questionnaire, Glasgow Outcome Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale were used and analyzed statistically.
The majority of participants disagreed or strongly disagreed that they perceived occupational balance in most of the investigated aspects. Moreover, few significant associations were found between total summed occupational balance and injury and sociodemographic characteristics.
These results demonstrate the importance of considering occupational balance in the rehabilitation of persons with stroke to support their engagement in a variety of meaningful activities that contribute to health.
IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
Rehabilitation need to support persons with stroke to monitor their entire patterns of activities and perceived balance to support wider engagement in meaningful activities and promote health.
Balance between all kinds of activities in daily life besides work, needs to be considered in the later phase of rehabilitation in persons with stroke.
A majority of the participants with stroke in this study disagreed that they had a satisfying level of occupational balance.
Perceived balance between all activities in daily life can together with performance of activities add to the understanding of consequences after stroke.
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