Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of beta glucan (BG) on the experimental colitis model created by using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Material and Methods: ...Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided equally into four groups as sham control, TNBS, TNBS-BG3, and TNBS-BG10 groups. While saline was administrated to sham group, TNBS was administered intrarectally to the TNBS groups under anesthesia. BG was administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg by oral gavage, intragastrically, for 3 days (TNBS+3) to the TNBS-BG3 group and for 10 days (7+TNBS+3) to the TNBS-BG10 group. At the end of the study, macroscopic, histological and biochemical tests were applied to the colon tissues taken. Results: It was determined by histopathological scoring and biochemical results that BG administration caused positive effects on colon damage due to colitis. Malondialdehyde level and myeloperoxidase activity were found to be significantly higher in the TNBS group compared to the other groups (p=0.003 and p<0.001, respectively). Antioxidant levels increased in BG treated groups compared to TNBS group. While this increase was statistically significant among glutathione levels (p<0.001), it was not statistically significant in catalase enzyme activity (p=0.218). BG administration reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation and leukocyte infiltration level in the colon tissue. Positive changes due to the prophylactic effect of BG were determined in histological and biochemical results. Conclusion: BG administration has been found to show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and BG has a treatment potential in reducing colon tissue damage due to TNBS-induced colitis.
Kapang, R. oligosporus merupakan mikroba utama yang berperan dalam fermentasi tempe. Penambahan khamir selama fermentasi tempe mempengaruhi kandungan aroma tempe dan diduga menghasilkan beta-glukan ...dalam tempe. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Saccharomyces cerevisiae terhadap sifat organoleptik dan kandungan betaglukan pada tempe. Perlakuan terdiri dari 2 faktor yaitu konsentrasi S. cerevisiae yang terdiri dari 1% dan 3%, perlakuan kedua adalah cara pemasakan terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu tempe digoreng dan dikukus. Sebagai kontrol dilakukan pengamatan terhadap tempe mentah. Pengujian organoleptik, sampel tempe diambil 15 g lalu dimasak sesuai perlakuan kemudian diamati secara organoleptik dengan uji skoring menggunakan 25 orang panelis. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam untuk mendapat penduga ragam galat dan uji signifikansi untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar perlakuan. Perbedaan antar perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf 5% untuk pengamatan terhadap sifat organoleptik tempe. Pengamatan sifat organoleptik dilakukan terhadap aroma langu, aroma khas tempe, rasa asam dan rasa pahit, dan penerimaan keseluruhan tempe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tempe yang dibuat dengan penambahan S. cerevisiae 1% dan digoreng memiliki sifat organoleptik terbaik, yakni aroma khas tempe, bau langu lebih rendah, tidak berasa asam, dan tidak pahit. Meskipun berdasarkan skor penerimaan keseluruhan organoleptik, tempe yang diberi penambahan S. cerevisiae 1% dan digoreng lebih disukai panelis dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, akan tetapi, penambahan S. cerevisiae 3% menghasilkan tempe dengan kandungan beta-glukan lebih tinggi (0,250%) dibanding penambahan S. cerevisiae 1% (0,181%).
Purpose: Some patients with cancer use herbal therapy as an adjunct while receiving conventional cancer treatments. Beta-glucans have direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells as well as stimulatory ...effects on the immune system. In this study, a nutritional supplement containing 1,3-1,6 beta-glucan obtained from baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used by patients diagnosed with sarcoma, and this study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effect of beta-glucan use on the incidence of neutropenic fever (NF) and survival rates. Materials and Methods: Among the patients diagnosed with sarcoma between 2014 and 2017, 27 patients who used beta-glucan were included in the beta-glucan group, and 31 patients who did not use beta-glucan were included in the control group. The clinical records of patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The number of patients who had NF and the mean length of hospital stay due to NF were higher in the beta-glucan group than those in the control group, but the results were not statistically significant. The overall survival rates at 5 years were 83.3% and 52.9% and event-free survival rates at 5 years were 48.1% and 71% in the beta-glucan and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: The effect of prophylactic beta-glucan use on the incidence of NF and survival rates in pediatric patients with sarcoma should be evaluated more reliably in further prospective studies on a large patient group.
Amaç: Kanser hastalarının bir kısmı, geleneksel kanser tedavilerini alırken, tamamlayıcı bitkisel tedavi kullanma eğilimindedir. Beta-glukanların bağışıklık sistemini uyarıcı etkisi yanında, kanser hücreleri üzerine doğrudan sitotoksik etkileri de vardır. Bu çalışmada, ekmek mayasından (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) elde edilen, 1,3-1,6 beta-glukan içeren besin takviyesi, sarkom tanılı hastalar tarafından kullanılmış ve retrospektif olarak beta-glukan kullanımının nötropenik ateş (NA) sıklığı ve sağkalım üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: 2014-2017 yılları arasında sarkom tanısı alan, beta-glukan kullanmış 27 hasta ve kontrol grubu olarak beta-glukan kullanmamış 31 hasta alındı. Hastaların klinik kayıtları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Beta-glukan grubunda NA geçiren hasta sayısı ve NA nedeniyle hastanede ortalama yatış süresi kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksekti ancak sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Genel sağkalım ve olaysız sağkalım açısından bakıldığında, beta-glukan ve kontrol grubunda 5. yılda genel sağkalım %83,3 ve %52,9, 5. yılda olaysız sağkalım %48,1 ve %71 idi. Sonuç: Daha geniş hasta grubu ile prospektif olarak dizayn edilecek çalışmalar ile profilaktik beta-glukan kullanımının nötropenik ateş sıklığı ve sağ kalım oranları üzerine etkisi daha sağlıklı olarak değerlendirilebilir.
β-glukan, buğday tanesinin besin kalitesini olumlu yönde etkileyen nişasta içermeyen, suda çözünebilen bir
polisakkarittir. Buğday tanesindeki yüksek β-glukan içeriği insan sağlığı ...açısından kolesterol düşürücü etkiye de sahiptir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, makarnalık buğdayın tane β-glukan içeriği üzerinde azot ve sulamanın etkisini belirlemektir.
Çalışmada makarnalık buğdayın tane β-glukan içeriği ile tane verimi ve bazı kalite karakteristikleri arasındaki ilişkiler
incelenmiştir. Çalışmada Kunduru 1149, Kızıltan 91 ve Çakmak 79 makarnalık buğday çeşitleri materyal olarak
kullanılmış olup; 0, 40, 80 ve 120 kg $ha^{-1}$ azot oranları ile birlikte 0, 75 ve 150 mm sulama seviyeleri uygulanmıştır. Her
iki yılda yüksek azot seviyeleri genellikle makarnalık buğdayın tane β-glukan içeriğini artırmış olup, makarnalık buğdayda
$N_3$ azot seviyesi en yüksek tane β-glukan içeriğini vermiştir. Artan sulama seviyeleri buğday tanesinin β-glukan içeriği
üzerinde olumsuz etkiye sahiptir. Sulama yapılmayan uygulamalar her iki yılda genellikle en yüksek tane β-glukan
içeriklerine sahiptir. Tane β-glukan içeriğinin çeşide tepkisi önemli olup, tüm çeşitler içerisinde $C_1$ en iyi tane β-glukan
içeriğini vermiştir. Tane β-glukan içeriği ile tane verimi, protein oranı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, camsılık ve
sds sedimentasyon arasındaki korelasyonlar önemli bulunmuştur. 2005 yılındaki protein oranı hariç, tane β-glukan içeriği
ile tane verimi ve kalite özellikleri arasında yüksek ve pozitif korelasyonlar gözlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları, buğday
tanesinin ß-Glukan içeriğinin artışı üzerine artan sulama suyu uygulamalarının negatif, azot uygulamalarının pozitif
yönde etkili olduğu, çeşit özelliklerinin de istatistiksel olarak önem taşıdığını göstermiştir.
β-glucan is a non-starchy, water-soluble polysaccharide component of wheat grain that positively affects grain
nutrient quality. High β-glucan content in wheat grain also has a cholesterol-lowering effect in humans. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and irrigation on durum wheat grain β-glucan content. Correlations between
durum wheat grain β-glucan content, and grain yield and some quality characteristics were examined. Kunduru 1149,
Kızıltan 91, and Çakmak 79 durum wheat cultivars were used as material, and 0-, 75-, and 150-mm irrigation levels with
0, 40, 80, and 120 kg $ha^{-1}$ nitrogen rates were applied. Higher nitrogen levels generally increased durum wheat grain β-
glucan content in both years of the study and the $N_3$ nitrogen level had the greatest effect on the β-glucan content in
durum wheat. Higher irrigation levels negatively affected the β-glucan content in the wheat grain. Non-irrigated
treatments generally yielded the highest β-glucan content in both years of the study. The response of grain β-glucan
content according to cultivar was significant and $C_1$ had the best grain β-glucan content of all the cultivars. Correlations
between grain β-glucan content, and grain yield, protein content, 1000-grain weight, test weight, seed vitreousness, and
the SDS sedimentation were significant. With the exception of protein content in 2005, strong positive correlations were
observed between β-glucan content, and grain yield and quality characteristics. These results indicate that higher
irrigation levels negatively affected grain β-glucan content in durum wheat, whereas higher nitrogen rates positively
affected grain β-glucan content. Moreover, the effect of cultivar characteristics on the β-glucan content in durum wheat
grain was statistically significant.
Nowadays usage of dietary fibers in foods has been increasing duo to revealing of health benefits. Beta-glucans found especially in oats and barley, are polysaccharide and source of water-soluble ...dietary fiber. Positive effects of beta-glucans like healing coronary-heart disease, lowering blood cholesterol level, balancing blood sugar level and preventing obesity, made beta-glucans widespread functional food components for producing various foods. In addition to beneficial physiological effects of beta-glucans, they texturize, gelatinize, emulsify and stabilize the foods. They increase viscosity, replace fat and enhance rheological properties in cereal, meat and dairy products. They are also used to produce packing material depending on their mechanical properties and molecular weights. In this review, effects of addition of cereal based beta-glucans on technological and functional properties of various foods are revealed based on previous studies.
INTRODUCTION: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are commonly seen in immunosuppressive patients. Early diagnosis is key to optimizing antifungal treatment success. Betaglucan (BG) assay can detect ...most of the fungal pathogens except mucormycosis and Cryptococcus. In this study we aimed to evaluate the value of BG as a diagnostic tool in patients with hematological malignancy and IFI.METHODS: Forty-six hematological malignancy patients under induction and consolidation chemotherapy that expected to have neutropenia for more than 14 days with no clinical and radiological signs of IFI are included in this study. Blood Galactomannan (GM) and BG levels were measured 2 times in a week during the hospitalization period. Method A (proven + probable groups vs non IFI) and Method B (proven + probable + possible groups vs. non IFI) variables were determined to assess the sensitivity, specifity and predictive values.RESULTS: In method A; BG test's sensitivity, specifity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) was determined as 68.75%, 84.1%, 52.4%, 91.4% respectively. In method B (proven + probable + possible groups vs. non IFI) BG test sensitivity, specifity, PPV, NPV was determined as 60%, 88.9%, 71.4%, and 82.8% respectively.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Depending on our data and present literature; we conclude that BG and GM is a non-invasive contributory test for the diagnosis of IFI The current treatment of the symptomatic extremity
GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: İnvaziv fungal enfeksiyonlar (IFE) sıklıkla immün süpresif hastalarda görülmektedir. Antifungal tedavi başarısı için erken tanı anahtar öneme sahiptir. Betaglucan (BG) testi mucormikoz ve kriptokoklar dışında birçok mantar patojeni tespit edebilir. Bu çalışmada betaglucan düzeyinin hematolojik kanserli ve IFE'li hastalarda tanısal bir araç olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Indüksiyon veya konsolidasyon tedavisi alan, klinik ve radyolojik IFE bulguları olmayan 14 günden uzun süreli nötropeni beklentisi olan 46 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastanede yattıkları süre içerisinde haftada 2 defa kan galaktmannan (GM) ve BG düzeyleri ölçüldü. Sensitivite, spesifite ve öngörğlen değerlerin yorumlanması için Metod A (kanıtlanmış + muhtemel grup vs non-IFE) ve Metod B (kanıtlanmış + muhtemel +olası grup vs non-IFE ) değişkenleri tanımlandı.BULGULAR: Metod A'da; BG testinin sensitivitesi, spesifitesi, pozitif öngörülen değer (PÖD), Negatif öngörülen değer (NÖD) sırasıyla %68.75, %84.1, %52.4, %91.4 olarak tespit edildi. Metod B'de; BG testinin sensitivitesi, spesifitesi, PÖD, NÖD sırasıyla %60, %88.9, %71.4, %82.8 olarak tespit edildi.Hiçbir hastada ameliyat içi istenmeyen durum olmadı. Cerrahi gruptaki 3 hastaya embolizasyon uygulandı. Postoperatif takiplerde 1 hastada enfeksiyon, 2 hastada nüks saptandı.TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Bizim verilerimiz ve mevcut literature dayanarak BG ve GM'nin IFE tanısına katkı sağlayan non-invaziv test olduğu sonucuna vardık.
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Diese Arbeit untersucht zwei Lipoproteine, das discoidale High density-Lipoprotein (dHDL) und das β-Glukan-Bindeprotein (BGBP) aus dem Flusskrebs Astacus leptodactylus in funktioneller, struktureller ...und phylogenetischer Hinsicht. Die Nukleotid-Sequenz des BGBP konnte nahezu vollständig entschlüsselt werden. Dabei errechnet sich aus der abgeleiteten Aminosäure-Sequenz ein Molekulargewicht von 153 kDa. Das reife BGBP hat nur eine molekulare Masse von 105 kDa. Vermutlich kommt es durch eine Furin-ähnliche Protease zu einer post-translationalen N- und C-terminalen Prozessierung: zwei bisher nicht beschriebene, aber auch in der BGBP-Sequenz von anderen höheren Krebsen vorhandene, typische Furin-Schnittstellen (RAKR, bzw. RARR) wurden anhand von Sequenzvergleichen identifiziert. BGBP hat zwei Funktionen: zum Einen ist es für den Transport und die Aktivierung des proPhenoloxidase-Systems zuständig, zum Anderen für die Versorgung der Organe mit Lipiden, welche vermutlich der Energiegewinnung dienen. Eine 100 kDa große, BGBP-bindende Rezeptor-Fraktion konnte in Hämocyten-Membranen identifiziert werden. Das Vorkommen von dHDL war aus eigenen Befunden bisher ausschließlich in Astacus leptodactylus bekannt, doch konnte in dieser Arbeit ein mit dem dHDL-Antikörper reagierendes Protein erstmalig auch in anderen Arthropoden-Spezies nachgewiesen werden. Die discoidale Form und das Untereinheiten-Muster (240 + 85 kDa) sind typisch für die bei Vertretern ursprünglicher Tiergruppen gefundenen Lipoproteine (z.B. beim Cheliceraten Limulus und beim Polychaeten Nereis). Eventuell handelt es sich bei dHDL also um einen ‚Prototypen’ in der Lipoprotein-Evolution. Obwohl die Sequenz des dHDL auf Nukleotid-Ebene unbekannt ist, wurden die Sequenzen einiger dHDL-Peptide aus massenspektroskopischen Analysen gewonnen. Überraschenderweise befinden sich diese Sequenzen in der Aminosäuresequenz des BGBP. Dabei liegen alle Peptide am N- und/oder am C-Terminus der abgeleiteten BGBP-Aminosäure-Sequenz, und zwar in den Bereichen, die vermutlich durch das erwähnte Furin vom BGBP abgeschnitten werden, im reifen BGBP also gar nicht mehr vorkommen. Deshalb ist zu vermuten, dass BGBP und dHDL ein gemeinsames Vorläuferprotein haben und durch Genduplikation entstanden sind, oder dass es sich beim dHDL- und beim BGBP-Gen um ein und dasselbe Gen handelt. Das Genprodukt wird dann auf unterschiedliche Weise prozessiert und es entstehen die beiden Proteine dHDL und BGBP. Die Funktion von dHDL ist noch nicht eindeutig geklärt, es ließen sich aber dHDL-bindende Rezeptor-Fraktionen mit einer molekularen Masse von 160 kDa in somatischen Geweben (Muskel, Darm, Hepatopankreas, Kiemen und Samenleiter) sowie in Oocyten und Hämocyten nachweisen. Deshalb wird vermutet, dass dHDL als Energielieferant in Stoffwechsel-aktiven Organen und als Speicherprotein in Oocyten dient. Eine endocytotische Aufnahme konnte gezeigt werden.
Two lipoproteins from the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus, the discoidal high density lipoprotein (dHDL) and the β-glucan-binding protein (BGBP), were examined under functional, structural and phylogenetic aspects. The BGBP nucleotide sequence could almost be completely decoded. A theoretical molecular weight of 153 kDa is calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence. The mature BGBP has a molecular mass of 105 kDa. Presumably due to a furin-like protease, the BGBP is N- and C-terminally processed post-transcriptionally. Based on sequence comparisons, two typical furin cleavage sites (RAKR and RARR) were identified. These cleavage sites were not described previously, but are also present in the BGBP sequences from other higher crustaceans. BGBP has two functions: on the one hand it is responsible for the transport and activation of the prophenoloxidase system, on the other hand for the supply of organs with lipids, which are probably serving energy production. A BGBP-binding receptor fraction of 100 kDa could be identified in hemocyte membranes. Since now the presence of dHDL was, from our own findings, only known in Astacus leptodactylus. In this study, a protein interacting with the dHDL antibody, could, for the first time, be identified in other arthropod species. The discoidal shape and the subunit pattern (240 + 85 kDa) are typical for lipoproteins found in primary animal groups (e.g. in the chelicerate Limulus or the polychaete Nereis). Therefore, the dHDL might be a kind of ‚prototype' in lipoprotein evolution. Although the sequence of dHDL is unknown on nucleotide level, the sequences of some dHDL peptides were obtained from mass spectroscopy. Surprisingly, these sequences are located in the amino acid sequence of BGBP. All peptides lie at the N- and/ or at the C-terminus of the deduced amino acid sequence of BGBP. Furthermore, they are located in areas that are likely to be cleaved off the BGBP through the mentioned furin, and therefore no longer occur in the mature BGBP. That leads to the assumption that BGBP and dHDL derive from a common precursor protein, caused by gene duplication, or dHDL and BGBP originate from one gene product, which is differently processed. The function of dHDL is still not clear, but dHDL receptor-binding fractions with a molecular mass of 160 kDa could be detected in somatic tissues (muscle, intestine, hepatopancreas, gills and vas deferens) and in oocytes and hemocytes. Thus, it is assumed that dHDL serves as an energy supplier in metabolic active organs and as a storage protein in oocytes. An endocytic uptake could be shown.
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