Health-related absenteeism impacts individuals, companies, and society. Its consequences are reflected in the cost of benefits, substitutes, and reduced productivity. Research shows that ...musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related health problem reported by hospital staff. This study determines the groups at the Ljubljana University Medical Centre that are most susceptible to MSDs, especially low back pain.
Using data from the Health Data Centre of the Slovenian National Public Health Institute and the medical centre, this cross-sectional study analysed absenteeism among medical centre employees. The correlation between MSD / low-back pain risk factors and incidence was determined using logistic regression. An odds ratio was calculated to determine the probability of MSDs, most especially low back pain via sex, age, occupation, and education.
Sick leave at the medical centre is higher than 5%, exceeding the Slovenian healthcare sector average. MSDs, as the main reason for absence, is significantly more frequent in women, non-medical staff, and employees with a maximum secondary school education. Among the MSDs, low back pain predominates as a reason for absence and is most frequent among nurses, midwives, and employees of 20 to 44.9 years old.
This study offers insight into the health status of medical centre employees. The high percentage of sick leave is mainly due to musculoskeletal disorders, including low back pain. This is an important basis for further monitoring and analysis of sick leave indicators and for planning systematic and continuous workplace health-promoting measures to manage ergonomic risk factors and reduce health-related absenteeism.
Overdiagnosis is the diagnosis of deviations, abnormalities, risk factors, and pathologies that in themselves would never cause symptoms (this applies only to risk factors and pathology), would never ...lead to morbidity, and would never be the cause of death. Therefore, treating an overdiagnosed condition (deviation, abnormality, risk factor, pathology) cannot, by definition, improve the patient’s prognosis, and can therefore only be harmful.
Overdiagnosis is an extremely harmful and big problem all over the world, and the problem is increasing. This is especially the case in high-income countries, where more sensitive tests, more testing, more screening and earlier diagnosis is in focus, and more of the same will be implemented in the future. Moreover, disease definitions have been and are still being widened, plus thresholds for treating, e.g. risk factors, have been and are still being lowered. Finally, disease mongering is growing, because it is cheaper and faster to invent new “diseases” than new pharmaceutical drugs.
From the definition of overdiagnosis it can be reasoned that a patient who has been correctly diagnosed and a person who has been overdiagnosed can have the same kind of pathologies. Therefore, at the level of the individual person or patient it can never be verified whether he or she has in fact been correctly diagnosed or overdiagnosed. Therefore, the complexity, dilemmas and pitfalls in understanding what overdiagnosis really is so succinctly captured by this quote from the Danish philosopher S⊘ren Kirkegaard (1813-55): ‘Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards’.
Uvod. V Sloveniji ima zdravnik družinske medicine pomembno vlogo pri izvajanju preventive. Delež cepljenih proti gripi je v Sloveniji nizek. Razlogi za to niso povsem jasni. Preučevali smo mnenje ...bolnikov glede cepljenja proti gripi pri njihovem družinskem zdravniku ter njihova stališča in prepričanja o gripi in cepljenju. Cilj naloge je bil odkriti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na odločitev o cepljenju v ambulanti družinske medicine.
The objective was to present the results of surveillance of prion diseases in Slovenia that was established in 1996 and then to assess the interdisciplinary approach according to the algorithm of ...case management and reporting data to the National Register at the National Institute of Public Health.
A descriptive study of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) recorded in the period from 1996 to 2017 was carried out.
A total of 123 cases of prion disease were notified between 1996 and 2017. Out of these, 68 were recorded and confirmed by autopsy as sporadic CJD with an average incidence rate of 1,5 cases per million population per year. In one case a gene analysis showed mutation E200K in prion protein gene, PRNP. Two cases of the Gerstman-Sträussler Scheinker syndrome and one clinical case of fatal insomnia with new PRNP mutation, N181S, were notified. Diagnostic value of protein 14-3-3 analysis in the liquor reached 82% sensitivity and 71% specificity. 25 cases of notified clinically possible/probable CJD were disproved after autopsy. In eleven notified possible CJD cases the autopsy had not been performed. Variant CJD has not yet been proven in Slovenia.
Incidence rates were comparable with other European countries. Completeness of reporting and proper management of CJD cases according to the algorithm of reporting, management and case confirmation would need some improvement. A well-functioning surveillance system, including timely notifications, would enable an appropriate epidemiological investigation and an effective response to public health risks, thus the awareness of prion diseases should not decline.
Kritik in der Krise Flügel-Martinsen, Oliver; Mohammed, Samia; Vasilache, Andreas ...
2020
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Kritisches Denken auch in Krisensituationen nicht aufzugeben – dies hat sich der vorliegende Band zur kritischen politischen Theorie in der Corona-Pandemie zur Aufgabe gemacht. Entstanden sind 13 ...Beiträge, die vielfältige Perspektiven auf die Verschränkung von Kritik und Krise bieten. Dabei stellt sich zum einen die Frage, welche Konsequenzen sich für kritisches politisches Denken aus der gegenwärtigen Krise ergeben. Zum anderen ist zu diskutieren, welchen Beitrag kritische Theorie zum Verständnis der aktuellen Herausforderungen leisten kann. Mit Beiträgen von Clara Arnold, Simon Duncker, Oliver Flügel-Martinsen, Lea Jonas, Kristoffer Klement, Jamila Maldous, Noah Marschner, Samia Mohammed, Malte Pasler, Demokrat Ramadani, Gerrit Tiefenthal, Andreas Vasilache und Nele Weiher. In times of crises, critical thinking needs to be maintained and fostered. This volume on critical political theory in the coronavirus pandemic brings together 13 contributions that offer a variety of perspectives on the interrelationship between critique and crisis. What are the consequences of the current crisis for critical political thinking—and what contribution can critical theory offer to our understanding of current challenges? With contributions by Clara Arnold, Simon Duncker, Oliver Flügel-Martinsen, Lea Jonas, Kristoffer Klement, Jamila Maldous, Noah Marschner, Samia Mohammed, Malte Pasler, Demokrat Ramadani, Gerrit Tiefenthal, Andreas Vasilache and Nele Weiher.
Lehren aus Corona Hollstein, Bettina; Neuhäuser, Christian; Brink, Alexander ...
2020
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Zusammenfassung Krisen wie die COVID-19-Pandemie sind für die Politik stets Anlass gewesen, festgefahrene Strukturen aufzubrechen und weitreichende Reformen umzusetzen. Pfadabhängigkeiten können in ...Krisenzeiten unterbrochen werden. Der vorliegende Band beleuchtet die gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Pandemie sowie die langfristigen Herausforderungen und Potenziale, die mit ihr einhergehen, aus wirtschafts- und unternehmensethischer Perspektive. Wie verändert die COVID-19-Krise das Kräfteverhältnis zwischen Staat, Markt und Unternehmen? Welche Pflichten kommen auf Unternehmen während einer Pandemie zu? Inwieweit sind die Bekämpfung der Corona- und der Klima-Krise vereinbar? Welche Rolle kann und soll Wirtschaftsethik in Zeiten der Krise spielen? Mit Beiträgen von Prof. Dr. Michael S. Aßländer; Prof. Dr. Jörg Althammer; Prof. Dr. Martin Büscher; Niklas Dummer, M.A.; Dr. habil. Michael Ehret; Miriam Fink; Prof. Dr. Manfred Fischedick; Prof. Dr. Nils Goldschmidt; Prof. Dr. Hanns-Stephan Haas; PD Dr. Michaela Haase; Prof. Dr. Ludger Heidbrink; Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hemel; Prof. Dr. Lars Hochmann; Ruzana Liburkina, M.A.; Mark McAdam; Prof. em. Dietmar Mieth; Prof. Dr. Dr. Elmar Nass; Dr. Laura Otto; Prof. Dr. Reinhard Pfriem; Prof. Dr. Ingo Pies; Prof. em. Birger Priddat; Frauke Remmers; Dr. Bastian Ronge; Prof. Dr. Hartmut Rosa; Prof. em. Hermann Sautter; Dr. Philipp Schepelmann; Prof. Dr. Dr. Ulrich Schmidt; Prof. Dr. Markus Scholz; Prof. Dr. Andreas Suchanek; Prof. em. Peter Ulrich. Abstract Historically, crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic have prompted politicians to break up dead-locked structures and implement far-reaching reforms. Path dependencies can be interrupted in times of crisis. This volume examines the social impact of the current pandemic as well as both the long-term challenges it poses and the potential it offers from the perspective of economic and business ethics. How has the COVID-19 crisis changed the balance of power between the state, markets and business? What are the obligations of companies during a pandemic? To what extent are the fight against the coronavirus crisis and that against the climate crisis compatible? What role can and should business ethics play in times of crisis? With contributions by Prof. Dr. Michael S. Aßländer; Prof. Dr. Jörg Althammer; Prof. Dr. Martin Büscher; Niklas Dummer, M.A.; Dr. habil. Michael Ehret; Miriam Fink; Prof. Dr. Manfred Fischedick; Prof. Dr. Nils Goldschmidt; Prof. Dr. Hanns-Stephan Haas; PD Dr. Michaela Haase; Prof. Dr. Ludger Heidbrink; Prof. Dr. Ulrich Hemel; Prof. Dr. Lars Hochmann; Ruzana Liburkina, M.A.; Mark McAdam; Prof. em. Dietmar Mieth; Prof. Dr. Dr. Elmar Nass; Dr. Laura Otto; Prof. Dr. Reinhard Pfriem; Prof. Dr. Ingo Pies; Prof. em. Birger Priddat; Frauke Remmers; Dr. Bastian Ronge; Prof. Dr. Hartmut Rosa; Prof. em. Hermann Sautter; Dr. Philipp Schepelmann; Prof. Dr. Dr. Ulrich Schmidt; Prof. Dr. Markus Scholz; Prof. Dr. Andreas Suchanek; Prof. em. Peter Ulrich
Pediatrična endokrinologija je začela s svojim neodvisnim razvojem zgodaj v splošnem razvoju te specilanosti, z izrazitim poudarkom na raziskovalnemu delu in klinični odličnosti. Slovenska ...pediatrična endokrinologija je bila že od začetkov evropske pediatrične endokrinologije njen sestavni del, še posebej kot soustanoviteljica prve mednarodne skupine ‘International Study Group for Diabetes in Children and Adolescents’. Po pionirskem delu prof. dr. Leva Matajca je prof. dr. Ciril Kržišnik KO za endokrinologijo, diabetes in bolezni presnove Pediatrične klinike v Ljubljani trdno vpel v mednarodno znanstveno skupnost. V zadnjem desetletju KO sodeluje pri vrhunskem raziskovalnem delu in zagotavlja klinično oskrbo po najvišjih mednarodnih standardih.
Objectives. In Slovenia, the role of family physicians in primary care and preventive procedures is very important. Influenza vaccination rates in Slovenia are low. The reasons for low vaccination ...rates in Slovenia were not clear. We suppose that patient’s beliefs and attitudes are important factors. We assessed patients’ opinions regarding the acceptance of flu vaccination by their family physicians and their beliefs and attitudes about flu and vaccination. The aim was to check out factors that influence the decision to take the vaccine in family physician offices.
Methods. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study in the Styria region in Slovenia. We included patients from seven family physicians during regular office visits. They filled in a questionnaire about their general demographic data and attitudes regarding influenza and vaccination. The main outcome was the decision to be vaccinated.
Results. The logistic regression model identified five predictors for influenza vaccination, namely: heart disease, previous vaccination, an agreement with the beliefs ‘the vaccination is an efficient measure to prevent influenza’, ‘after the vaccination there are usually no important side effects’ and ‘the vaccination is also recommended for a healthy adult person’. The belief that vaccinations harm the immune system is negatively associated with vaccination.
Conclusions. Patients’ beliefs are an important factor to decide for vaccination or not. Family physician teams should discuss with patients their beliefs and concerns about vaccination.
Uvod. V Sloveniji ima zdravnik družinske medicine pomembno vlogo pri izvajanju preventive. Delež cepljenih proti gripi je v Sloveniji nizek. Razlogi za to niso povsem jasni. Preučevali smo mnenje bolnikov glede cepljenja proti gripi pri njihovem družinskem zdravniku ter njihova stališča in prepričanja o gripi in cepljenju. Cilj naloge je bil odkriti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na odločitev o cepljenju v ambulanti družinske medicine.
Metode. Raziskava je bila presečna multicentrična opazovalna. Vključili smo bolnike iz 7 ambulant družinske medicine na Štajerskem v Sloveniji. Vzorec je zajemal bolnike, ki so prišli v ambulanto. Izpolnili so vprašalnik z demografskimi podatki ter stališči o gripi in cepljenju. Glavni opazovani dogodek je bil odločitev za cepljenje.
Rezultati. V logističnem regresijskem modelu so bili najpomembnejši napovedni dejavniki odločitve za cepljenje srčna bolezen, cepljenje v preteklosti, strinjanje, da je cepljenje najbolj učinkovit ukrep proti gripi, strinjanje, da cepljenje običajno nima pomembnih stranskih učinkov, in strinjanje, da je cepljenje priporočljivo tudi za odraslo zdravo osebo. Prepričanje, da cepljenje škodi imunskemu sistemu, je negativni napovedni dejavnik odločitve za cepljenje.
Zaključki. Stališča bolnikov so pomemben dejavnik pri odločitvi za cepljenje. V ambulantah družinske medicine bi se morali z bolniki več pogovarjati o njihovih stališčih in pomislekih o cepljenju.
Izhodišča: Samoocena zdravja predstavlja bolnikov občutek lastnega zdravja; vključuje biološke, sociološke in psihološke dejavnike. Pogosto se uporablja v populacijskih raziskavah, osebni zdravnik pa ...lahko z njeno pomočjo pridobi dodatne informacije o bolniku in njegovih potrebah.
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