Objectives. Alongside individual indicators of job performance, even workers’ health status could be a criterion for selection. The mechanisms for health selection are a reduction of productivity in ...relation to illness or certain health behaviour. The aim of the study was to establish how indicators of workers’ health status, which are accessible to the employer, influence the employer’s decision-making on which workers to retain and which to dismiss during personnel restructuring in the enterprise.
Methods. Due to a planned closure of a plant, the observed company began personnel restructuring which included a strategic decrease in the number of employees and the relocation of workers within the company. Two nested case control studies were conducted. The cases were divided into two groups and defined as follows: employees who were relocated and employees whose employment contract was terminated.
Results. The results show that the disability category and long-time sick leave exert the greatest influence on the employer’s decision on the selection of workers. Workers with work-related disability have lower odds to be relocated to a new workplace (OR=0.5; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.1) and higher odds to be dismissed (OR=6.51; 95% CI 3.33 to 12.72). The workers with a history of a long-time sick leave also have lower odds to be relocated (OR=0.31; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.88) and higher odds to be dismissed (OR=4.32; 95% CI 2.08 to 8.96).
Conclusions. Indicators of health which were accessible to the employer actually exerted influence on the employer’s decision-making, which could show a direct form of health selection.
Izhodišča. V času gospodarskega prestrukturiranja in krize je veliko delavcev odpuščenih ali premeščenih na nova delovna mesta. Na odločitev delodajalca, koga bo odpustil in koga premestil, lahko vpliva tudi zdravje delavca. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti, kako objektivni kazalci zdravstvenega stanja delavcev, do katerih ima delodajalec dostop, vplivajo na odločanje, kdo bo premeščen na drugo delovno mesto in kdo odpuščen.
Metode. Značilno slovensko podjetje s 1000 zaposlenimi je v letu 2005 začelo kadrovsko prestrukturiranje, ki je vključevalo zmanjševanje števila zaposlenih in premeščanje na druga delovna mesta znotraj podjetja. Narejeni sta bili dve vgnezdeni študiji primerov s kontrolami. Kot primera sta bili definirani dve skupini delavcev: tisti, ki jih je delodajalec v opazovanem obdobju premestil na drugo delovno mesto in tisti, ki jim je odpovedal pogodbo o zaposlitvi iz poslovnega razloga. Kontrole so bili delavci iz preostale kohorte, usklajeni po socialnem statusu, spolu in starosti.
Rezultati. Rezultati kažejo, da na odločitev delodajalca o izbiri delavcev najbolj vplivata kategorija invalidnosti in dolgotrajni bolniški stalež. Delovni invalidi imajo manjše obete, da bodo premeščeni na novo delovno mesto (RO=0.5; 95% IZ 0.2-11), in večje, da bodo odpuščeni (RO=6.51; 95% IZ 3.33-12.72). Tudi delavci, ki so bili v bolniškem staležu ≥ 30 dni, imajo manjše obete, da bodo premeščeni (RO=0.31; 95 % IZ 0.11-0.88), in večje, da bodo odpuščeni (RO=4.32; 95% IZ 2.08 - 8.96).
Zaključek. V raziskavi smo dokazali, da kazalniki zdravja, do katerih ima dostop delodajalec, vplivajo na odločanje delodajalca v procesu prestrukturiranja podjetja, kar kaže na neposredno obliko selekcije zaradi zdravstvenega stanja.
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