This study assesses the effect of inclusion of n–3 C18 rich oils on nutrient profile and quality of flesh in gilthead seabream (≈ 61.5 g) after feeding isoproteic and isolipidic diets in which ...camelina seed (CSO) or chia oil (CO) totally or partially replaces fish oil (FO) for 110 days. Fillet fatty acid (FA) profile reflects dietary FA profile, characterized by increased C18 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and a reduced highly unsaturated FA, whereas n–3/n–6 ratios are increased in fish fed diets with CSO or CO content. However, indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity, calculated from the fillet FA profile as indices for the health quality for consumers, are reduced with dietary addition of CSO or CO due to the increased fillet content of C18 n–3 PUFA in CSO and CO fed fish. In spite of the differences in fillet FA profiles, sensory quality of flesh does not vary among fish from different dietary groups. Instrumental texture and color analyses reveal significantly different values in cooked fillets in comparison to the raw fillets. Overall, dietary inclusion of CSO or CO enhances the nutritional value of fish flesh as well as the production of healthier fillets.
Practical Applications: This study suggests fish oil could be totally replaced with camelina or chia oil in the diet of gilthead sea bream without negatively affecting sensory characteristics. The dietary inclusion of these oils could enhance the nutritional quality of fish fillets, and could receive wide application in the aquafeed and animal feed producing sector.
Reduced fillet content of highly unsaturated FA and increased n–3/n–6 ratios in camelina seed oil (CSO) and chia oil (CO) fed fish. Indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity are reduced in CSO and CO fed fish. Sensory quality does not vary among fish fillets. Instrumental texture and color analyses reveal significantly different values in cooked fillets in comparison to the raw fillets.
Dietary fish oil can potentially be replaced by camelina oil in aquafeeds since 18:3n‐3 (α‐linolenic acid: ALA) accounts for 35% of the fatty acids. To test the effect of camelina oil on fish lipid ...composition, a feeding trial with tilapia (var. GIFT Oreochromis sp.) was carried out. Four experimental diets were formulated, one containing only fish oil (TFO), two where fish oil was replaced by camelina at low (Low‐CO) and medium (Med‐CO) levels, and another made only with camelina oil (TCO). A commercial diet (COM) was used as a reference diet. At the end of an 8‐week feeding trial, the liver, kidney, heart and brain were sampled. In terms of proportions across tissues, the liver showed the highest triacylglycerol and oleic acid content; the kidney was higher in arachidonic (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); the heart had the highest total lipids, linoleic acid (LOA) and ALA, while the brain was higher in sterols, acetone‐mobile polar lipids (AMPL), phospholipids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In terms of concentration among diets within tissues, when comparing TFO vs TCO, the phospholipids and ARA increased in the kidney, while the phospholipids decreased in the heart and the DHA in the brain. The TCO diet significantly increased 20:1n‐9 and ALA in all analysed tissues. As expected, the COM diet significantly increased concentrations of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (n‐3DPA) and DHA in all analysed tissues.
Camelina and chia oils are among the vegetable oils (VOs) with high content of α‐linolenic acid (ALA) and a combination of antioxidants, giving them nutritional advantage over other VOs used in ...aquafeeds. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary substitution of fish oil with oils from camelina or chia on the growth performance, fatty acid (FA) composition, gene expression and blood haematology in gilthead sea bream after a 90‐day feeding trial. Five isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated in which fish oil was 100% (camelina oil, CSO diet; and chia oil, CO diet) or 60% (MIX1 and MIX2 diets containing camelina and chia oils, respectively) replaced with camelina or chia oils. Growth performance and FA profiles of fish were significantly affected by the dietary treatments (p < .05). Contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) decreased, whereas n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n‐3/n‐6 ratio increased in fish fed diets containing oils from camelina or chia. An up‐regulation in the expression of genes involved in PUFA metabolism and the subsequent in vivo bioconversion of precursor FAs into highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA, C ≥ 20 and n ≥ 3) were recorded in fish fed VO‐based diets. Red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin and haematocrit did not differ among fish fed the experimental diets. Our overall results suggested that replacement of fish oil with camelina or chia oil did not adversely affect growth performance in gilthead sea bream, except for those fed CSO diet. Our results also demonstrate that fatty acid profile of fish can be modified by the dietary inclusion level of camelina or chia oils.
Plant-based food provides more ALA (α-linolenic acid) and less EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexanoic acid) than marine food. Earlier studies indicate that cetoleic acid (22:1
-11) ...stimulates the
-3 pathway from ALA to EPA and DHA. The present study aimed to investigate the dietary effects of camelina oil (CA) high in ALA and sandeel oil (SA) high in cetoleic acid on the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA. Male Zucker fa/fa rats were fed a diet of soybean oil (Ctrl) or diets of CA, SA, or a combination of CA and SA. Significantly higher levels of DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) and DHA in blood cells from the CA group compared to the Ctrl indicate an active conversion of ALA to DPA and DHA. Increasing the uptake and deposition of EPA and DHA meant that a trend towards a decrease in the liver gene expression of
,
, and
along with an increase in the dietary content of SA was observed. However, 25% of the SA could be exchanged with CA without having a significant effect on EPA, DPA, or DHA in blood cells, indicating that bioactive components in SA, such as cetoleic acid, might counteract the inhibiting effect of the high dietary content of DHA on the
-3 biosynthetic pathway.
Camelina oil contains a greater concentration of omega-3 (
-3) a-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3; ALA) than omega-6 (
-6) linoleic acid (C18:2n-6; LA), in comparison to alternative fat sources commonly used ...to formulate canine diets. Omega-3 FAs are frequently used to support canine skin and coat health claims and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress; however, there is a lack of research investigating camelina oil supplementation and its effects on these applications in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of camelina oil supplementation on coat quality, skin barrier function, and circulating inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations.
Thirty healthy 17 females; 13 males; 7.2 ± 3.1 years old; 27.4 ± 14.0 kg body weight (BW) privately-owned dogs of various breeds were used. After a 4-week wash-in period consuming sunflower oil (
6:
3 = 1:0) and a commercial kibble, dogs were blocked by age, breed, and size, and randomly assigned to one of three treatment oils: camelina (
6:
3 = 1:1.18), canola (
6:
3 = 1:0.59), flaxseed (
6:
3 = 1:4.19) (inclusion level: 8.2 g oil/100 g of total food intake) in a randomized complete block design. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured using a VapoMeter on the pinna, paw pad, and inner leg. Fasted blood samples were collected to measure serum inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and spectrophotometric assays. A 5-point-Likert scale was used to assess coat characteristics. All data were collected on weeks 0, 2, 4, 10, and 16 and analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS.
No significant changes occurred in TEWL, or inflammatory and oxidative marker concentrations among treatments, across weeks, or for treatment by week interactions. Softness, shine, softness uniformity, color intensity, and follicle density of the coat increased from baseline in all treatment groups (
< 0.05).
Outcomes did not differ (
> 0.05) among treatment groups over 16-weeks, indicating that camelina oil is comparable to existing plant-based canine oil supplements, flaxseed, and canola, at supporting skin and coat health and inflammation in dogs. Future research employing an immune or exercise challenge is warranted, as the dogs in this study were not subjected to either.
Cold-pressed camelina oil (
) is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and may have a beneficial effect on the reduction of cardiovascular risk.
In this study, we investigated the parameters ...contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as dietary intake, nutritional status, blood pressure, and lipid profile. Sixty postmenopausal women with dyslipidaemia were randomly assigned to two oil groups: camelina oil and canola oil. The subjects consumed daily 30 g of the test oils for 6 weeks. Before and after dietary intervention, the assessment of nutrition (4-day dietary recall), anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, and blood pressure were evaluated.
During the dietary intervention, decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in both groups (15 mg/dl (0.4 mmol/l) reduction in the camelina oil group and 11 mg/dl (0.3 mmol/l) reduction in the canola oil group) was observed. In this study a decrease of waist circumference (approx. 1 cm) in the two groups was observed. In the group of women consuming camelina oil, a significant decrease of waist-to-hip ratio was seen. In the other anthropometric parameters no statistically significant changes were observed (body weight, body fat mass). After the intervention, no significant decreases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noticed.
The camelina and canola oil intake contributed to reduction of the consumption of saturated fatty acids in the diet, had a positive influence on the lipid profile parameters, and decreased the waist circumference, which may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
•Polymer viscosity and the viscoelastic and mechanical properties of crosslinked networks were highly dependent on plant oil composition.•This class of highly bio-based polymers appears to have ...particular utility for the production of one-component, ambient-cured coatings.•Polymerizations were essentially free of chain transfer and termination reactions.•At a given molecular weight, glass transition temperature, crosslink density, modulus, and strength increased with plant oil unsaturation.
A series of novel plant oil (PO)-based poly(vinyl ether)s were produced that varied with respect to PO composition and molecular weight (MW). The POs investigated were soybean oil, linseed oil, and camelina oil. All of the polymers were liquids at room temperature and were used to produce crosslinked networks, both as free-standing films and as surface coatings on steel substrates. Crosslinking was achieved at ambient conditions through the process of autoxidation. Viscosity of the neat polymers as well as the viscoelastic and mechanical properties of crosslinked networks were highly dependent on parent PO composition. At a given polymer MW, viscosity decreased with increasing PO unsaturation, while glass transition temperature, Young’s modulus, and tensile strength of crosslinked networks increased with increasing PO unsaturation. For polymers derived from the most highly unsaturated PO, i.e. linseed oil, impact resistance of coatings was significantly compromised, due to the relatively high crosslink density of these coatings. Overall, these results demonstrated that viscosity and the properties of crosslinked films based on these novel PO-based poly(vinyl ether)s could be tailored through selection of the parent PO and control of polymer MW. This class of highly bio-based polymers appears to have particular utility for the production of one-component, ambient-cured coatings. One component, ambient-cured thermoset coatings are highly desired because of their ease of use, lower waste production, and energy cost savings compared to other thermoset coating systems.
In an attempt to prepare sustainable epoxy thermosets, this study introduces for the first time the idea to use antagonist structures (aromatic/aliphatic) or functionalities (acid/amine) as hardeners ...to produce reprocessable resins based on epoxidized camelina oil (ECMO). Two kinds of mixtures were tested: one combines aromatic/aliphatic dicarboxylic acids: 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid (DTBA) and 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDA); another is the combination of two aromatic structures with acid/amine functionality: DTBA and 4-aminophenyl disulfide (4-AFD). DSC and FT-IR analyses were used as methods to analyze the curing reaction of ECMO with the hardeners. It was found that the thermosets obtained with the dual crosslinked mechanism needed reduced curing temperatures and reprocessing protocols compared to the individual crosslinked thermosets. Thanks to the contribution of disulfide bonds in the network topology, the obtained thermosets showed recycling ability. The final thermomechanical properties of the virgin and mechanical reprocessed materials were analyzed by DMA and TGA. The obtained thermosets range from elastomeric to rigid materials. As an example, the ECMO/DTBA
4-AFD
virgin or reprocessed thermosets have tan
values reaching 82-83 °C. The study also investigates the chemical recycling and the solvent resistance of these vitrimer-like materials.
•Novel bio-based acrylate was synthesized using cardanol and camelina oil.•Phenolic compound with two alkyl side chains provided strength with flexibility.•Good alternative to bio-based acrylates ...using feedstocks such as soybean oil.
Novel bio-based acrylate was designed through the epoxy ring-opening reaction of cardanol glycidyl ether (CGE) with fatty acids from camelina oil (FACO), followed by epoxidation of unsaturated chains and then acrylation of the epoxides. Cardanol- and camelina oil-based acrylates were also respectively synthesized for comparison purposes. The bio-based acrylate coatings were then produced under UV-radiation from the acrylates monomers with an addition of a photoinitiator. Polymerization of the acrylates and synthesis of the monomers were observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the chemical structures and acryl contents of the acrylates were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The mechanical and thermal properties of the cured acrylates were evaluated using tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Observation of resistances to water, solvent, and hydrolytic degradation were conducted to water and toluene uptake test, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) rub test, and a degradation test under sodium hydroxide solution. Gel content was measured to evaluate performance of the coatings, and other coating performances including gloss, adhesion, and pencil hardness were determined using the wood panel coated with the cured acrylates. Compared to acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) coating, the acrylate derived from the cardanol modified fatty acids showed higher tensile strength, hardness, glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition temperature at maximum degradation rate, and resistances to solvent and hydrolytic condition of the cured coating. Therefore, the newly designed acrylate is a great alternative to AESO.
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