‘Nation’ and ‘City’ are exemplars of much more general phenomena – categorical identities (language group, province) and the central sites (village, town) through which connections among and beyond ...the members of that category are channelled. Drawing on examples from Western Province, Papua New Guinea, we look at how relational logics of kinship and categorical logics of citizenship are articulated around such sites, regardless of scale. We begin with tales of imagined cities, in the past and the present. Then, from the hamlet of Gwaimasi to the village of Suabi and the town of Kiunga, we trace how the emergence of these sites as loci for accessing aspirational futures has changed the ways people assert or contest rights to a place in these assemblages.
At each scale, we see the work entailed in ‘cutting the network’ of kinship, with its sense of unbounded connection, to construct bounded groups of exclusive rights-holders. And we see, too, the tensions that may then emerge when bounded rights-groups operating at different scales (landowners, nations) are mobilised in assertion of rights to the same place: “I'm not a landowner here but I am a citizen”.
•Cities may be imagined as sites that embody categorical identities, defining bounded groups sharing a ‘right’ to the city•These sites are portals allowing access to resources and services originating beyond the collectivity that the sites embody•Analogous sites can be seen to operate at different scales in Papua New Guinea•Bounded rights-groups operating at different scales may assert rights to the same place, leading to conflict
In the last 25 years a conspicuous amount of plane glass – windowpane fragments – has surfaced on archaeological sites from the Viking Age. These finds have not received scholarly attention as they ...are not recognised as a genuine prehistoric (i.e. pre-1050 Scandinavia) occurrence. This paper aims to investigate a select group of archaeological localities that all have a significant amount of glass objects and fragments, and which also serve as mainstays for continental influences, commercial trade, as well as ritual activities. It offers the study of the chemical composition of these windowpane fragments, their distribution, provenience, and discusses their potential use as windows in Viking Age Scandinavia. Based on the chemical composition of the analysed plane glass (via LA-ICP-MS) the paper argues, firstly, that the glass most likely should be dated to the 9th to 11th centuries; secondly, that there are two possible import paths of raw material with one recognized at the early emporia based on east Mediterranean types of glass, and another with a continental type of glass found at the aristocratic sites. Finally, the paper argues that the windowpanes very likely could have been used in contemporary glassed windows placed in wooden buildings at these sites.
Viking Age Windows Torben Sode; Mads Dengsø Jessen; Bernard Gratuze
Danish journal of archaeology,
09/2023, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the last 25 years a conspicuous amount of plane glass – windowpane fragments – has surfaced on archaeological sites from the Viking Age. These finds have not received scholarly attention as they ...are not recognised as a genuine prehistoric (i.e. pre-1050 Scandinavia) occurrence. This paper aims to investigate a select group of archaeological localities that all have a significant amount of glass objects and fragments, and which also serve as mainstays for continental influences, commercial trade, as well as ritual activities. It offers the study of the chemical composition of these windowpane fragments, their distribution, provenience, and discusses their potential use as windows in Viking Age Scandinavia. Based on the chemical composition of the analysed plane glass (via LA-ICP-MS) the paper argues, firstly, that the glass most likely should be dated to the 9th to 11th centuries; secondly, that there are two possible import paths of raw material with one recognized at the early emporia based on east Mediterranean types of glass, and another with a continental type of glass found at the aristocratic sites. Finally, the paper argues that the windowpanes very likely could have been used in contemporary glassed windows placed in wooden buildings at these sites.
Vad var Vandilsvé? Andrén, Anders
Religionsvidenskabeligt tidsskrift,
03/2022, Letnik:
74
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Vandilsvé is mentioned one single time in Helgakviða Hundingsbana II:35, and it is usually understood as a theophoric place-name. The first element has been read as the name of an otherwise unknown ...Vandal god, *Vandill, but this interpretation has fallen out of favour today. Another reading is based on the fact that sacral names ending in -vé (-vi) do not necessarily have names of deities as their first element. An example is Töravi, which derives from the old name for the island of Södertörn (Tör) and means “the sacred place of the inhabitants of Tör”. As a parallel to Töravi, it is possible that Vandilsvé refers to Vendill, the old name for the district of Vendsyssel, and means “the sacred place of the inhabitants of Vendel”. Supported by archaeology, the discussion focuses on four different sites in Vendsyssel, which might more or less plausibly represent Vandilsvé; these are Lindholm Høje, Stentinget, Liver, and Ejstrup. In conclusion, it is discussed what impact such an interpretation may have for our understanding of the three eddic poems about Helgi Hundingsbani and Helgi Hjörvarðsson.
SAMMANDRAG: Vandilsvé omtalas en enda gång i Helge Hundingsbane II:35, och brukar uppfattas som ett teofort namn för en plats. Förleden har tolkats som namnet på en för övrigt okänd vandalsk gud *Vandill, men få tror idag på denna tolkning. En annan tolkning kan utgå från att vissa sakrala namn på -vé (-vi) inte har gudanamn som förled utan andra företeelser. Ett exempel är Töravi, som kommer av det gamla namnet för ön Södertörn (Tör), och som betyder ”Törbornas helgedom”. Som en parallell till Töravi skulle Vandilsvé kunna syfta på Vendill, det gamla bygdenamnet för Vendsyssel, och betyda ”Vendelbornas helgedom”. Med hjälp av arkeologi diskuteras fyra olika platser i Vendsyssel, vilka med större eller mindre sannolikhet skulle kunna representera Vandilsvé, nämligen Lindholm Høje, Stentinget, Liver och Ejstrup. Avslutningsvis diskuteras vad en sådan tolkning kan ha för konsekvenser för synen på de tre Edda-dikterna om Helge Hundingsbane och Helge Hjörvardsson.
La thèse de Walter Christaller, traduite en chinois, est publiée en 1998 et rééditée en 2010 : 德国南部中心地原理 / Déguó nán bù zhōng xīn de yuán lǐ, Beijing : The Commercial Press, 2010, 456 p. ; traduction ...éditée sous la responsabilité de CHANG, Zhengwen, WANG, Xingzhong et al. La traduction est complète, à la différence de celle en anglais de Carlisle W. BASKIN, qui ne concerne que les deux tiers de la thèse de Christaller. Cette traduction en chinois est précédée d’une préface par un auteur qui n’est pas l’un des traducteurs.Le texte qui suit, après une introduction sur la diffusion des idées de Christaller en Chine de 1964 à nos jours, examine du point de vue historique, pratique puis épistémologique la manière dont sont présentées ces idées dans cette préface, avant de préciser les liens entre les principales notions christallériennes et leur équivalent en Chine antique et contemporaine. Une traduction française de la préface en chinois est proposée dans une première annexe. Une seconde annexe donne des informations biographiques sur les principaux géographes chinois responsables de la diffusion des idées de Walter Christaller en Chine.
Walter Christaller's thesis, translated into Chinese, has been published in 1998 and reprinted in 2010: 德国 南部 中心 地 原理 / Déguó nán bù zhōng xīn de yuán lǐ, Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2010, 456 p., ...edited by CHANG, Zhengwen, WANG, Xingzhong et al. The translation is complete, unlike Carlisle W. BASKIN's English, which concerns only two-thirds of Christaller's thesis. This Chinese translation is preceded by a foreword by an author who is not one of the translators.The following text, after an introduction on the dissemination of Christaller's ideas in China from 1964 to the present day, examines from a historical, practical and epistemological point of view the way in which his ideas are presented in this preface, before specifying the links between the main Christallerian notions and their equivalent in ancient and contemporary China. A French translation of the Chinese preface is proposed in a first appendix. A second appendix gives biographical information on the main Chinese geographers responsible for disseminating Walter Christaller's ideas in China.
Since the early 1990s, several adjacent pairs of communes on the Bavarian borders with the Czech Republic and Austria have been identified as Cross-Border Central Places (CBCP). So far, the ...significance of CBCP as an innovative amendment of central place theory and long-established example of cross-border spatial planning remains virtually unstudied. This article analyses different versions of the Bavarian federal development plan and introduces CBCP as a planning instrument originally aimed at the realization of functional complementarities. By studying the concept's various redefinitions over the last two decades, I review CBCP as a strategic facilitator of cross-border cooperation at a local level. Empirical results from a focus group with mayors from all Bavarian and Czech municipalities representing a CBCP are provided. They indicate that the instrument's practical significance is limited by a rather domestic implementation, lacking local resources and an insufficient coordination across different scales of interaction.
According to the Ageing Report 2015 (EC, 2015), the number of workers in Europe will decline for 20 million by 2060. The question thus arises how this shrinking pool of workers unequally dispersed in ...the European regions will influence the competitiveness and profitability of global supply chains and location of the production and distribution nodes. Within the human resource market, commuting costs are compensated, thus influencing wage rates and/or land rent, capitalised in the value of residential properties. These aspects influence the total costs of human resources in the activity cells of supply chains and the stream of profit achieved in a chain. The corporation, whose activity cells are located in the local area which is a net importer of human resources, has to pay higher average wages than the corporation, whose facilities are located in the district from which the labour is exported. If higher wages do not cover these differences, they create incentives to commute into other functional regions. The edges of the functional regions are the lines from which human resources are indifferent regarding commuting to a given central place where the activity cell is located or in the competing central place. These indifference curves move as relative wages change. Therefore, those planning the location and intensity of activities in the nodes of a supply chain should consider the influence of the required level of wages, which depends on the spatial dispersion of dwellings of workers. So, the intensity of the flow of items (inventories in the process) and intensity of the inflow of human resources interact in the area in which the activity cell is located and influence the profit of corporations. Therefore, our aim is to present an innovative approach to the integration of the gravity model of spatially dispersed human resources with the supply systems described by extended MRP Theory. Here the dynamics of delineation of functional regions is assumed to respond immediately to the changes in the differences between wages and commuting costs, which is also a novelty of this compound model. In our study, these two analytical models interact and merge in the compact form for studying the profitability of activities under the volatile intensity of the production flows; this represents a new approach to the evaluation of the present value of chain. Our method enables us to evaluate an expected long-term stream of profit. This is an important tool for managers and owners, who might have different options regarding where to place and invest in an activity cell. They can forecast the influences of the localities and wages on the profit stream before deciding to open or to close and to intensify or not their activities in the particular central place of a functional region.
•The integration of a gravity model of spatially dispersed workers with a supply chain dynamics is presented.•The formula of the best choice of location for a certain activity in a supply chain is derived.•The study is especially pertinent in the case of shrinking workforce and cities in aging Europe.
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