Objective
This study investigated the effect of the spouses' value preferences on the division of domestic labor in the family.
Background
Personal value preferences reflect general motivations and ...thus affect individuals' perception of reality and direct behavior. In the present study, I assumed that the personal value preferences of spouses motivate them to participate in different domains of domestic labor to varying degrees.
Method
The study was conducted in Israel using a sample of heterosexual couples having at least one child (N = 479). I measured the value preferences of the spouses and division of domestic labor in the family in four domains: traditionally female chores, traditionally male chores, childcare, and emotion work. Dyadic data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling.
Results
Among husbands, a higher preference for the self‐transcendence values was associated with a more equal division of domestic labor in the family; that is, with a larger share of husbands in traditionally female chores, childcare, and emotion work, and with their smaller share in traditionally male chores. Among wives, higher preferences for openness to change and self‐enhancement values were associated with a more equal division of domestic labor in the family.
Conclusion
The results confirmed that the spouses' general motivational goals expressed in their value preferences affected their participation in different domains of domestic labor.
Implications
The study advances researchers' and practitioners' understanding of the intrapersonal motivational factors affecting the division of domestic labor and provides a solid basis for further research and counseling work with families.
Proportionality (PROP) is one of the simplest and most intuitive fairness criteria used for allocating items among agents with additive utilities. However, when the items are indivisible, ensuring ...PROP becomes unattainable, leading to increased focus on its relaxations. In this paper, we focus on the relaxation of proportionality up to any item (PROPX), where proportionality is satisfied if an arbitrary item is removed from every agent's allocation. We show that PROPX is an appealing fairness notion for the allocation of indivisible chores, which approximately implies some share-based notions, such as maximin share (MMS) and AnyPrice share (APS). We further provide a comprehensive understanding of PROPX allocations, regarding the computation, approximation, and compatibility with efficiency. On top of these, we extend the study to scenarios where agents do not share equal liability towards the chores, and approximate PROPX allocations using partial information about agents' utilities.
•We design algorithms to compute PROPX allocations for indivisible chores when the agents have asymmetric weights.•We design algorithms, which only access the agents' ordinal preferences, to compute approximate PROPX allocations.•We investigate the compatibility of PROPX and Pareto optimality in the general and special cases.
This article presents the findings of an experimental study aimed at investigating the impact of coercive and assertive communication on children's emotional responses and behavioral tendencies ...within parent-child interactions.
The study tested four hypotheses related to children's feelings, personalization bias, the need to express their point of view, and the desire to retreat to their room alone. Short audio stimuli recorded by a female assistant, representing a mother addressing her child, were utilized to create five different communication situations. The experimental procedure involved participants listening to the audio stimuli and answering related questions. The study included 123 participants between the ages of 9 and 13, with an equal gender distribution.
The results of One-Way ANOVA tests indicated significant differences among the four types of communication in terms of unpleasant feelings, personalization bias, listening to a personal point of view, and retreating into a personal room. The findings suggest that coercive communication elicited more negative emotional responses and stronger tendencies toward personalization bias, expressing personal opinions, and seeking solitude compared to assertive communication.
The implications of these findings highlight the importance of promoting positive and respectful communication strategies in parent-child relationships to foster children's emotional well-being and healthy behavioral development.
Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the gender dimension of its more visible socio-economic impacts has been the topic of study by several researchers. The current paper takes this further ...by focusing on the invisible chores done in the families at home. This paper studies how people’s behavior towards housework changed during and after the confinement period in Spain. We analyze whether people did more housework during the lockdown period than before it, the way this housework was distributed between women and men, and whether this has changed since the end of lockdown. The empirical analyses point to a new trend in the housework gender gap: differences between men and women have narrowed since the lockdown, although women continue to bear most of the responsibility.
This study investigates mechanisms underlying the influence of telework on labor productivity in Japan. First, this study finds that appropriate telework hours increase labor productivity, but when ...telework hours are too long, telework decreases labor productivity. Second, telework increases life satisfaction, and life satisfaction improves labor productivity. However, telework increases the stress of balancing work and domestic chores, contrary to Japanese governmental expectations, and the stress decreases life satisfaction. The stress, fortunately, does not directly reduce labor productivity. Although telework increases happiness and work satisfaction, these factors do not influence labor productivity. Third, this study clarifies that telework is more efficient for improving labor productivity if workers commute more than 1 h or commute by trains or buses that are usually very crowded during rush hours in Japan. Finally, the effect of telework for workers who have a greater number of potential trivial duties is insignificantly larger. Supervisors and colleagues often ask others to perform trivial, extra tasks without regard for schedules. Telework may help workers avoid such trivial duties and increase labor productivity. However, the importance of trivial duties is also demonstrated in this study.
•Appropriate telework hours increase labor productivity.•Telework increases life satisfaction, and life satisfaction improves productivity.•However, telework increases the stress of balancing work and domestic chores.•Telework is more efficient for workers who commute for a long duration by train.•Telework has a larger impact on workers who tend to be interrupted at work.
The last national demographic and health survey in Uganda found that nearly two of every 10 women living in Kampala capital city and the surrounding urban areas in Mukono and Wakiso districts were ...obese. This study aimed to clarify how food consumption practices are indicated in the obesity of women in urban Uganda. Measurement of weight and height, interviews and intensive 7-day observation of 14 women in August and September of 2018 was complemented by interview data collected between February 2016 and September 2017 among 540 women. Results showed that the number of eating occasions was limited, the timing was later in the day, and both were irregular. This was associated with the difficulties in acquiring food, the time required to prepare a meal, and the chores women needed to accomplish. Daily energy intake varied from one day to the next, but the net average was high–2,430 kcal (SD = 694) and exceeded the daily energy requirements. Most of the energy came from the second main eating occasion and from large portions of the main staple foods and sauces. Perceptions of ideal food consumption practices, and of the drivers of food consumption practices, were influenced by long-standing habits in the individual homes and communities where they were brought up, and by the women’s past and present experiences of instability in food availability and access. Efforts to foster stability in food security across the life course could therefore be instrumental in neutralizing the sociocultural risk factors for obesity among women in urban Uganda.
This article presents the review of L’Indigénat. Genèses dans l’empire français. Pratiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie. This substantial and rigorous work, talking about a complex subject, is written by ...Isabelle Merle and Adrian Muckle, eminent specialists in the colonial history of Oceania. While in France opinion seems to prevail over reflection and critical thinking, the authors suggest a fine analysis of the indigénat. This « exception in law », which makes ordinary something arbitrary, falls at the same time under the history of law, the political history and more particularly under the social history.
This article presents the review of L’Indigénat. Genèses dans l’empire français. Pratiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie. This substantial and rigorous work, talking about a complex subject, is written by ...Isabelle Merle and Adrian Muckle, eminent specialists in the colonial history of Oceania. While in France opinion seems to prevail over reflection and critical thinking, the authors suggest a fine analysis of the indigénat. This « exception in law », which makes ordinary something arbitrary, falls at the same time under the history of law, the political history and more particularly under the social history.
Media and research reports have highlighted the disproportionate burden of home and family responsibilities shouldered by women and mothers due to COVID-19-related school/childcare shutdowns. This ...cross-sectional study extends this line of inquiry to emerging adults. Our study of 329 diverse emerging adults suggests that young women took on more home/family responsibilities than young men amidst the pandemic, and that these duties were associated with symptoms of depression. However, results also indicate that emerging adults who reported greater home/family responsibilities amidst the pandemic also experienced more quality family time, suggesting that pandemic-related challenges may have also been accompanied by opportunities for family connection. Contrary to previous research that has shown home/family responsibilities to be concentrated by SES and race/ethnicity, we found that participants uniformly endorsed COVID-19-related impacts on home/family responsibilities across these demographic distinctions. This could reflect the ubiquity of COVID-19's impact; across race/ethnicity and class-but differentially by gender-young adults faced significant challenges in taking on new home/family roles.
