A building’s energy storage demand depends on a variety of factors related to the specific local conditions such as building type, self-sufficiency-rate, and grid connection. Here, a newly developed ...bottom-up procedure is presented for classifying buildings in an urban building portfolio according to specific criteria. The algorithm uses publicly available building data such as building use, ground floor area, roof ridge height, solar roof potential, and population statistics. In addition, it considers the local gas grid (GG) as well as the district heating (DH) network. The building classification is developed for identifying typical building situations that can be used to estimate the demand for residential energy storage capacity. The developed algorithm is used to identify potential implementation of private photovoltaic(PV)-metal-hydride-storage (MHS) systems, for three scenarios, into the urban infrastructure for the city of Cologne. As result the statistical confidence interval of all analyzed buildings regarding their classification as well as corresponding maps is shown. Since similar data sets as used are available for many German or European metropolitan areas, the method developed with the assumptions presented in this work, can be used for classification of other urban and semi-urban areas including the assessment of their grid infrastructure.
•Classification of buildings, applying a bottom-up method.•Use of open data from building stock, population statistics, and local infrastructure.•Identification of typical building types by their grid connection and self-sufficiency rate.•Application for scenarios of residential hydrogen usage (storage, grid) for heat and power demand.
• Classification of residential building stock. • Energy performance of buildings according to their typology. • Official data elaboration of typological characteristics affecting the energy ...performance of buildings.
Based on the European Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings a new regulation framework has recently been implemented in Greece, aiming at the CO2 emissions reduction caused by the building sector. Given the fact that almost 71% of the Greek buildings were constructed before the implementation of the first Thermal Insulation Regulation (TIR), emphasis must be laid upon the existing building stock. Moreover, 83% of this stock consists of residential buildings, indicating the large potential in energy conservation. In order to plan and promote the respective energy renovation scenarios, a thorough analysis of the Greek building stock has to be carried out, especially regarding the urban built environment. In order to achieve this, a classification of the dominating multifamily building typology is being presented and characteristic examples are being studied.
► Statistical analysis on the energy performance of the urban Greek residential stock. ► Energy performance according to the construction year, occupancy, income, typology. ► Survey data elaboration ...concerning actual energy consumption monitored. ► Research regarding large and small scale urban cities in Greece.
The latest developments in the field of energy supply, along with the major issue of the environment protection, set new priorities and yardsticks concerning the energy policies implemented worldwide. The development and implementation of effective energy conservation policies has been a target of the European Union ever since the days when it was still called European Economic Community. In this framework, and despite the successes already monitored, the need for further energy conservation in the building sector is a both an aim and a tool. Emphasis is being placed on the residential building stock and the improvement of its energy performance. Greece has been one of the last countries to adopt the Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings. A thorough research regarding the nature of the Greek residential building stock helps in highlighting the problems associated with this delay, but also the perspectives for catching up with the other EU member states and achieving the aims set for the coming years. This paper aims at providing detailed information on the residential urban building stock, as determined in a field study in typical big and smaller Greek cities.
Building footprint detection based on orthophotos can be used to update the building cadastre. In recent years deep learning methods using convolutional neural networks have been increasingly used ...around the world. We present an example of automatic building classification using our datasets made of colour near-infrared orthophotos (NIR-R-G) and colour orthophotos (R-G-B). Building detection using pretrained weights from two large scale datasets Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) and ImageNet was performed and tested. We applied the Mask Region Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) to detect the building footprints. The purpose of our research is to identify the applicability of pre-trained neural networks on the data of another colour space to build a classification model without re-learning.
The object of the given research is the thermotechnical characteristics of buildings. The problem of thermotechnical indicators measurement arises at the acceptance of the buildings in use and also ...while performing work on energy classification of buildings in use. The two-level procedure of specific consumption definition of thermal energy for heating is offered: the coefficient of heat losses of the building is defined, and then the specific consumption of thermal energy for heating for settlement conditions is estimated. The given article suggests the optimal algorithm of the coefficient of heat losses determination according to the consumption of thermal energy for the buildings, not depending from the outdoor air temperature and the power of household thermal emissions of the building. There are also the results of the estimation of the coefficient of the coefficient of heat losses and specific consumption of thermal energy for heating for the conditions estimation according to the long-term observation for highrise buildings. There are also the estimation of the RMS error of determining the coefficient of the coefficient of heat losses and specific thermal energy consumption for heating for the conditions estimation, as well as the 75 % confidence interval for this indicator. The results can be used for the buildings in use energy classification.
The energy performance of buildings directive (EPBD) (91/2002/EU) opened the way for member states of European Union to create and apply a holistic approach on buildings' energy performance. Taking ...into consideration the reduced ratio of new buildings, energy refurbishment of existing building stock appears as a nodal point. In particular, buildings in Greece accounts approximately 4 million, while 70% has been constructed before the implementation of the first Thermal Insulation Regulation (TIR), thus they do not have any insulation. So, there is an extremely high potential for energy conservation in Greek building stock. Therefore, an extensive field study was carried out in northern area of Greece in Thessaloniki, through a detailed questionnaire. The purpose of the research is to create an integrated thermal insulation scheme in order to succeed the highest mitigation of energy losses through building envelope. Retrofitting insulation solutions were evaluated and applied through various simulation scenarios with different levels of insulation thickness.
In the European panorama, the relevant increase of the buildings energy consumptions has resulted, from the normative point of view (European directive 2002/91/EC European Parliament and Council of ...December 16th, 2002 on the energy performance of buildings, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 1/65 and the relative national norms – for example Italian Decrees 192/05–311/06), in the imposition of minimum standards of construction, limiting the specific energy requirements specifically for heating and cooling. Moreover, in some countries it is being started to introduce, for buildings that respect the minimum performances levels imposed, incentive and defiscalization measures, function of their particular energetic efficiency and the corresponding performance class.
Therefore, to compare the construction quality of different buildings, through energy performance classification, the authors propose a procedure for the determination of the corrected energy demand, separately for heating and cooling, independent of buildings location and directly comparable to a standard seasonal performance scale, defined on the entire territory of application.
The procedure is so developed through simulation on a wide range of case-studies and then tested on a different buildings set: its effectiveness results in the attribution to each building test of an univocal performance class, providing an energy performance evaluation not affected by the building localization.
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