Unquestionably, communicating entities (object, or things) in the Internet of Things (IoT) context are playing an active role in human activities, systems and processes. The high connectivity of ...intelligent objects and their severe constraints lead to many security challenges, which are not included in the classical formulation of security problems and solutions. The Security Shield for IoT has been identified by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) as one of the four projects with a potential impact broader than the Internet itself. To help interested researchers contribute to this research area, an overview of the IoT security roadmap overview is presented in this paper based on a novel cognitive and systemic approach. The role of each component of the approach is explained, we also study its interactions with the other main components, and their impact on the overall. A case study is presented to highlight the components and interactions of the systemic and cognitive approach. Then, security questions about privacy, trust, identification, and access control are discussed. According to the novel taxonomy of the IoT framework, different research challenges are highlighted, important solutions and research activities are revealed, and interesting research directions are proposed. In addition, current standardization activities are surveyed and discussed to the ensure the security of IoT components and applications.
This study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of a group-counseling program based on behavioral cognitive approach in reducing the severity of depression and improving the sense of self-esteem among ...a sample of adolescents in the northwestern Badia district. The participants of the study consisted of thirty (30) students aging 12-14 years. They are enrolled in the seventh and eighth grades in one of the schools affiliated with the Northwestern Badia Brigade in the Mafraq region. Among 130 students, they volunteered to participate in the pilot program after obtaining high marks on the Kovacs scale for child and adolescent depression and the self-esteem scale during the first semester of the academic year 2019/2020. The study participants were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The participants in the experimental group (15 students) underwent a pilot program consisting of 10 sessions, while their counterparts in the control group (15 students) were not enrolled in any training. The results of the multi-variance analysis showed that there are statistically significant differences on the scale of depression between the two study groups in favor of the experimental group in relation to the overall score of the scale. There is also a statistically significant difference on the scale of self-esteem between the two study groups and in favor of the experimental group, which indicates the efficiency of the indicative program in reducing the depression severity and improving self-esteem feelings. The study recommended the importance of applying the Counseling Programs that are based on the Behavioral Cognitive Approach in Reducing Depression symptoms and low Self-esteem among adolescent students. هدفتْ هذه الدراسةُ إلى التأكّد منْ فاعليّةِ برنامج إرشاد جمعي قائم على المنْحى المعرفي السلوكي في خفضِ شدّةِ الاكتئابِ وتحسينِ الشعورِ بتقديرِ الذاتِ عندَ عيّنةٍ من المراهقين في لواءِ الباديةِ الشماليّةِ الغربيّة. تكوّنتْ عيّنةُ الدّراسة منْ ثلاثين (30) طالباً، منْ الفئة العمريّة (12-14) عاماً، منْ المسجّلين في الصّفين السابع والثامن في إحدى المدارس التّابعة للواءِ الباديةِ الشماليّةِ الغربيّةِ في منطقةِ المفرق، والذين وافقوا على المشاركةِ في البرنامجِ الإرشادي بمحضِ إرادتهم منْ بينِ (130) طالباً، بعدما حصلوا على درجاتٍ مرتفعة على مقياس كوفاكس لاكتئاب الأطفال والمراهقين، ومقياس تقدير الذات، في الفصل الأول من العام الدراسي 2019/2020. تمّ تقسيم عيّنة الدراسة عشوائيّاً إلى مجموعتين: مجموعة تجريبيّة، ومجموعة ضابطة. خضع المشاركون في المجموعة التجريبيّة والبالغ عددهم (15) طالباً لبرنامج إرشادي مكوّن من (10) جلسات، في حين لمْ يشارك نظرائهم في المجموعة الضابطة والبالغ عددهم (15) طالباً بأيّ تدريب. أظهرتْ نتائج تحليل التباين الأحادي بأنّه توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائيّة على مقياس الاكتئاب بين مجموعتي الدراسة ولصالح المجموعة التجريبيّة بالنسبة للدرجة الكليّة للمقياس، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائيّة على مقياس تقدير الذات بين مجموعتي الدراسة ولصالح المجموعة التجريبيّة، ممّا يشيرُ إلى كفاءة البرنامج الإرشادي في خفض شدّة الاكتئاب، وتحسين الشعور بتقدير الذات. وأوصتْ الدّراسةُ بأهميّة تطبيق البرامج الارشاديّة القائمة على المنحى المعرفي السلوكي في خفض أعراض الاكتئاب، وتدنّي تقدير الذات لدى الطلبة المراهقين.
Tourists' hotel event experiences have received little attention in tourism research. By proposing an integrated model of expectation-confirmation theory (ECT) and the experience economy concept, ...this research explores the relationship between tourists' event experience and their satisfaction regarding the hotel event setting. The hypothesized model was empirically validated using a sample of 663 tourists who experienced a holiday event at a resort hotel. Results confirmed that the integration of the experience economy and ECT provided a better understanding of tourists' post-satisfaction in a pleasure-driven setting. This affective-cognitive approach advances the knowledge of tourists' experiences and satisfaction at hotel events.
Since Confucius and Aristotle, various theories have been developed regarding metaphor study, the latest being the cognitive approach. This paper reviews cognitive approach to metaphor in terms of ...nature, structure and properties. Such cognitive view on metaphor is conductive to human language conceptualization.
In recent years, the number of human-machine interactions has increased considerably. Additionally, we have evidence of linguistic differences between human-machine interactions and human–human ...conversations (e.g., Timpe-Laughlin et al., 2022). Therefore, it is reasonable to revisit theoretical frameworks that conceptualize interactional language use and investigate to what extent they still apply to technology-mediated interactions. As a first attempt at exploring whether pragmatics theories apply to human-machine interaction, we examined how well Kecskés's (2013) socio-cognitive approach (SCA) focusing on asymmetric interactions (e.g., between interlocutors of different language backgrounds) applies to the asymmetry of human-machine interactions.
Using examples from experimental data, we present the nature of common ground between human and machine (spoken dialogue system) interlocutors, focusing on the construction of and reliance on the emergent side of common ground that is informed by the actual situational experience. Like Kecskés, we argue that both egocentrism and cooperation play a role in human-machine interaction. While the former is manifested in approaching the machine interlocutor as if it was human, the latter appears to play a role in common ground seeking and building as well as in recipient design. We demonstrate that Kecskés's SCA is a fitting framework for analyzing human-machine communication contexts.
•Kecskés's socio-cognitive approach (SCA) applies to human-machine interaction.•Both egocentrism and cooperation play a role in human-machine interaction.•Human interlocutors try to find core common ground, and seek to create emergent common ground in interaction with machines.•Emergent common ground is informed by situational experience.•Carefully planned recipient design and salience effect are present in data.
Narcissism is widely considered to be a trait that is commonly found in leaders, but also a characteristic that is frequently a source of problems for their organizations. However, there is ...accumulating consensus in the organizational literature that, rather than a necessary evil, narcissism can potentially be a mixed blessing for leaders. The present study sets out to reconcile the paradoxical effects of leader narcissism by exploring when and how leader narcissism hampers or helps follower job performance. Utilizing a social cognitive approach to leadership and drawing upon the inferential model of leadership perceptions, we propose that leader effectiveness can shape followers’ dual collective leadership perceptions in response to leader narcissism and that these shared perceptions in turn influence follower job performance in opposing manners. The results of multi-wave, multi-source, and multilevel data showed that when leader narcissism was accompanied by low levels of leader effectiveness, followers collectively tended to perceive their leaders as being more narcissistic. However, when leader narcissism was accompanied by high levels of leader effectiveness, followers collectively tended to perceive their leaders as more charismatic. Followers’ dual collective leadership perceptions then mediated the joint effects of leader narcissism and leader effectiveness on follower job performance.
Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o processo que deu origem ao Programa Ensino Médio Inovador (ProEMI) como forma de compreensão das ações empreendidas por atores públicos e privados na ...construção de um novo projeto para o ensino médio no Brasil. A análise busca compreender o quadro cognitivo e normativo que deu origem e tornou legítima essa política educacional, tendo em vista que uma política é resultante de um processo de interação e de relações de força. O ProEMI é uma política que busca transformar a ação pública de gestores, professores e alunos nas instituições de ensino médio do país. O estudo tem seu recorte temporal no período 2003-2016 e é desenvolvido na perspectiva teórica cognitiva de políticas públicas que tende a compreender a formulação e implementação de políticas públicas com base na relação entre política e a construção da ordem social e não apenas como um mecanismo de resolução de problemas. Constamos que o ProEMI se origina de uma ação pública de um certo número de atores que constroem e fazem aceitar uma matriz de interpretação do real, fazendo emergir e legitimar uma escolha pública de uma política para o ensino médio contra-hegemônica.
A discourse-based approach to understanding security has been explored in the study of International Relations, yet how other agents rather than the political agents speak to conceptualize the ...emotive appeal in unconventional security issues is less discussed. This corpus-based cognitive critical discourse study examines security by combining the International Relations' theory of securitization with the proximization approach in Critical Discourse Studies. As a case study, texts concerning Confucius Institutes on the National Association of Scholars' official website from 2014 to 2020 were collected to discuss how the threat is constructed discursively and cognitively for an endeavor to influence the public and the political decision-making process. The corpus was further divided into two sub-corpora in order to expose the difference in their cognitive construction of Confucius Institutes. The findings show that the American academia delivers a bottom-up securitizing move by constructing education security discourse on Confucius Institutes in the initial process, yet later the whole-of-society security narratives interacting with a top-down securitizing move from the political agents have been adopted. As indicated by the corpus statistics, the concerned discourses are discursively constructed by following the "Self-Other" dichotomy security narratives, in which Confucius Institutes are cognitively transformed from an academic issue to a national security issue and legitimized through proximization in the spatial, temporal, and axiological dimensions.
The paper presents the results of the cognitive modeling of the COMPUTER SCIENCE terminological system in the form of a thesaurus. The thesaurus comprises over 3000 units, which are drawn from ...explanatory monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of computer science terms representing the basic phenomena and processes in the professional context. Methodologically, the analysis is based on the frame model and focuses on semantic relations specific to the sphere of computer science in terms of ontological and epistemological features. The thesaurus facilitates the detailed description and effective arrangement of the terminological system characterized by a complicated hierarchical structure, and thus plays a crucial role in forming and developing professional competencies.
La caracterización semántica de la preposición por no ha sido descripta en las gramáticas de manera consensuada. Por un lado, hay una falta de sistematización de los usos (como por ejemplo, en el ...Esbozo (Real Academia Española, 1973) y en De Bruyne (De Bruyne, 1999), que básicamente retoma lo dicho en el Esbozo, como también sucede en la Nueva Gramática de la Lengua Española (Real Academia Española, 2009)), que se presentan en listados sin relación entre sí. También sucede el problema opuesto, que es presentar un solo valor, como Fernández Lagunilla & Anula Rebollo (Fernández Lagunilla & Rebollo, 1995), que reducen el significado de por a +causa (1995: §7.6.3.1). Ante esta falta de consenso, la presente ponencia propone una descripción semántica de la preposición por a partir de los presupuestos teóricos del Enfoque Cognitivo Prototípico, sobre todo la teoría de categorización radial de Lakoff (Lakoff, 1987). De este modo, se plantea que los distintos valores semánticos de la preposición por están organizados sistemáticamente y constituyen pragmático-semánticamente un ítem polisémico. El atributo pragmático-semántico más prototípico es +Locativo. Las construcciones con por que se alejan del significado prototípico dependen de este por la pérdida/agregado de otros atributos; por disminución/aumento de la presencia de ciertos atributos, o por la presencia de otros atributos no presentes en la zona prototípica. Para demostrar estas hipótesis, se analizó cuantitativa y cualitativamente el corpus PRESEEA-Buenos Aires (2010-2011).
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